question

The normal adult kidney measures _____ in length:

answer

9-12 cm

question

The fibrous capsule surrounding the kidney is referred to as the:

answer

True capsule

question

Cortical tissue extending into the space between adjacent pyramids appearing as an hypoechoic mass area is: A. Columns of Bertin B. Prominent renal Pyramids C. Gerota's fascia D. Dromedary hump

answer

Columns of Bertin

question

The outer portion of the kidney is referred to as the:

answer

Cortex

question

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the:

answer

Nephron

question

The left kidney is best visualized by scanning the patient in the ___ position. A. LLD B. Supine C. RLD D. Prone

answer

RLD

question

The renal cortex is considered to abnormal when it measures ____ mm. A. 15 mm B. 10 mm C. 5 mm or less D. None of the above

answer

5 mm or less

question

A normal renal anatomical variant which has a bulging appearance to the contour of the kidney is referred to as a (n): A. Double collecting system B. Columns of Bertin C. Horseshoe kidney D. Dromedary hump

answer

Dromedary hump

question

A renal mass composed of fat, blood vessels and smooth muscle tissue is called: A. Wilm's tumor B. Angiomyolipoma C. Renal hamartoma D. B & C

answer

B&C (angiomyolipoma & renal hamartoma)

question

Mr. M is a 60 year old male presenting to the ultrasound department with hematuria, pain and a palpable mass. The ultrasound exam reveals a primarily solid renal mass with areas of cystic degeneration. Scattered calcifications were also present. The most likely diagnosis would be:

answer

Renal cell carcinoma

question

Wilm's tumor is also known as a:

answer

Nephroblastoma

question

The patient presents to the ultrasound department for a renal exam due to decreased renal function. The exam reveals multiple bilateral cysts of varying size in the cortex region. The renal contour is distorted. Multiple cysts were also detected in the liver. The most likely diagnosis would be:

answer

Polycystic disease

question

End stage renal disease will reveal ______ echogenicity of the renal cortex.

answer

Increased

question

Doppler evaluation of a patient with renal parenchymal disease will reveal:

answer

High resistance characteristics

question

The most common site of obstruction by kidney stones is the:

answer

Uterovesical junction

question

The normal location of the renal transplant is:

answer

Iliac fossa

question

Sonographic signs of renal transplant rejection would include: A. Hydronephrosis B. Fluid collections around the kidney C. Abnormal renal size D. ATN E. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Mr. B was referred to the ultrasound department several months after his renal transplant. The ultrasound exam revealed a large fluid collection with internal echoes arising medial to the lower pole of the kidney. The most likely diagnosis would be:

answer

Lymphocele

question

A significant renal artery stenosis would be considered in a renal transplant patient when the peak systolic velocity exceeds:

answer

200 cm/sec

question

A complete duplication of the kidney and ureter is referred to as:

answer

Supernumerary kidney

question

Fusion of the upper or lower poles of the kidney during fetal development is called:

answer

Horseshoe kidney

question

A condition where urine collects in the renal pelvis due to an obstruction to outflow is called:

answer

Hydronephrosis

question

The walls of the distended bladder should not exceed:

answer

3 mm

question

The turning inside out or reversing of an organ is called:

answer

Exstrophy

question

A patient present with focal thickening of the bladder wall. This is suspicious for ______. A. Cystitis B. Blood clot C. TCC D. Diverticula

answer

Cystitis and TCC. (A & C)

question

The arteries that carry 15-30% of the total cardiac output are the:

answer

Renal

question

Examinations of renal transplants can diagnose all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Acute tubular necrosis

question

The most sensitive lab value for determining renal function is:

answer

Serum creatinine

question

A benign renal tumor that is composed of fat, blood vessels and muscle is called a(n):

answer

Angiomyolipoma

question

Which of the following is NOT considered a true cyst? A. Cortical cyst B. Hemorrhagic cyst C. Parapelvic cyst D. Simple renal cyst

answer

Parapelvic cyst

question

The most common type of renal cancer is:

answer

Renal cell carcinoma

question

A 70 year old male presents with hematuria. Renal sonogram findings include a solid renal mass and echogenic material in the renal vein extending into the IVC. The renal mass most likely represents:

answer

Renal cell carcinoma

question

A berry's aneurysm can be associated with which of the following renal diseases:

answer

Adult polycystic disease

question

Causes of congenital hydronephrosis include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Nephroblastoma

question

A one year old patient presents with left flank pain, mass, hematuria and proteinuria. Sonographic findings include an enlarged kidney . Differential diagnosis include:

answer

Left renal vein thrombosis

question

To exclude a false positive diagnosis of hydronephrosis, the sonographer should:

answer

Include post void images of the kidneys

question

A patient with a renal transplant patient presents with low urine output and inflamed incision site. A probable cause is:

answer

Urinoma

question

A congenital condition where both kidneys fail to assume their normal position during embryologic development is called:

answer

Horseshoe kidneys

question

Which of the following maneuvers would NOT enhance renal calculi?

answer

Decrease transducer frequency

question

Renal sinus lipomatosis is:

answer

An increase in the echogenicity and size of the renal sinus

question

Proteinuria may be a sign of:

answer

Renal vein thrombosis

question

Extrinsic causes of hydronephrosis include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Calculus B. Uterine fibroids C. Pancreatic mass D. Pregnancy

answer

Pancreatic mass

question

Renal cell carcinoma metastasize to all of the following organs EXCEPT:

answer

Brain

question

Sonographically, a bulge is seen on the lateral aspect of the left kidney. This may be seen with all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Parapelvic cyst

question

Renal hematomas can occur for any of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. Post lithotripsy B. Post renal biopsies C. Trauma D. Hydronephrosis

answer

Hydronephrosis

question

The fascia that surrounds the kidney is called:

answer

Gerota

question

A common sonographic finding on the left kidney is:

answer

Dromedary hump

question

Which of the following is associated with a duplicated collecting system?

answer

Didelphys uterus

question

Failure of formation of the kidney is called renal:

answer

Agenesis

question

A baseline sonogram is performed post renal transplant EXCEPT to:

answer

Evaluate urine output

question

An IV drug abuser presents with high fever and flank pain. A sonogram of the kidneys reveal a mass with low level echoes and a fluid level which most likely represents a(n):

answer

Abscess

question

Hydronephrosis may best be demonstrated sonographically by observing:

answer

A fluid filled pelvo-calyceal collecting system

question

Pyonephrosis refers to the presence of:

answer

Pus in a dilated collecting system

question

The most common primary bladder neoplasm is:

answer

Transitional cell

question

Common causes of nephroliathiasis include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Hematuria

question

The normal echogenicity of a newborn kidney when compared to the liver is:

answer

The kidney is more echogenic

question

A prenatal sonogram demonstrated oligohydraminos and enlarged kidneys. A post natal sonogram is ordered. The findings are compatible with:

answer

Infantile polycystic disease

question

Causes of increased echogenicity of the kidney include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Adult polycystic disease

question

Which of the following terms describes the typical sonographic appearance of the medullary pyramids in the neonate?

answer

Anechoic

question

Which of the following conditions is associated with a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

answer

Liver failure

question

The renal arteries arise from which aspect of the abdominal aorta?

answer

Lateral

question

Which of the following structures is considered the basic functional unit of the kidney ?

answer

Nephron

question

The quadratus lumborum is a muscle located in the:

answer

Posterior abdominal wall

question

Fusion of the entire medial aspect of both kidneys is a congenital anomaly termed:

answer

Cake kidney

question

Which of the following conditions is most likely to mimic a duplicated urinary system?

answer

Hypertrophied Column of Bertin

question

Functions of the kidneys include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Synthesis of amino acids

question

The most common renal neoplasm identified in patients over the age of 55 years is a(n):

answer

Simple cyst

question

Rejection of a renal transplant is suggested once the resistive index reaches:

answer

0.9

question

A catheterized paraplegic patient is scheduled for a retroperitoneum ultrasound. An anechoic structure is identified in the region of the urinary bladder. This structure most likely represents a(n):

answer

A catheter balloon

question

A 45 year old female patient arrives for a pelvic ultrasound complaining of urinary frequency. An anechoic structure is identified continguous with the urinary bladder. The pathology identified is most suspicious for a(n):

answer

Bladder diverticulum

question

Which of the following renal structures is composed of blood vessels or nerve fibers?

answer

Glomerulus

question

A patient complaining of sharp, severe flank pain radiating to the groin is describing:

answer

Renal colic

question

Which of the following structures are contained to the renal sinus ?

answer

Lymphatics, peripelvic fat, major calyces

question

Which of the following muscles is located lateral to each kidney?

answer

Transversus abdominus

question

A hyperechoic focus located in the anterior renal cortex in an asymptomatic patient most likely represents:

answer

A junctional parenchymal defect

question

Normal post void residual urine volume should not exceed:

answer

20 mL

question

A 43 year old female patient presents to the ultrasound department complaining of right flank pain and dysuria. A generalized swelling of the kidney is demonstrated. The medullary pyramids appear well defined. This is most suspicious for:

answer

Pyelonephritis

question

Which of the following patient positions is typically used for renal biopsy procedures ?

answer

Prone

question

Small echogenic protuberances identified on the posterior wall of the urinary bladder most likely represents:

answer

Ureteric orifices

question

Clinical findings associated with acute glomerulonephritis may include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Polyuria

question

During a screening obstretical examination an intermittent bladder abnormality is identified. This incidental finding is most consistent with a(n):

answer

Ureterocele

question

Predisposing factors for developing a Wilm's tumor include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Diaphragmatic hernia

question

A benign tumor composed of fat, blood vessels, and muscle describes a(n):

answer

Angiomyolipoma

question

Fibromuscular hyperplasia is most commonly associated with stenosis in which of the following renal arteries ?

answer

Main renal artery

question

Renal artery stenosis is suggested once the peak systolic velocity exceeds:

answer

180 cm/ sec

question

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with painless hematuria?

answer

Renal cell carcinoma

question

Which of the following conditions is frequently associated with urinary stasis?

answer

Nephrolithiasis

question

Fusion of the superior pole of one kidney to inferior pole of the Contralateral kidney is most consistent with which of the following congenital anomalies ?

answer

Sigmoid kidney

question

Aneurysms involving the renal artery are at an increased risk of rupturing once the diameter exceeds:

answer

2.0 cm

question

The complete inability of the kidneys to excrete waste, concentrate urine, and converse electrolytes is termed renal:

answer

Failure

question

Complications of the following renal transplant surgery may include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Renal artery stenosis

question

The normal renal cortex measures a minimum of:

answer

1.5 cm

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