Kaplan Nursing School Entrance Exam – Flashcards
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From the Latin word verbum meaning word, is a word that in syntax conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand) * Verbs have tenses; past, present or future
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Verb
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Is a part of speech typically denoting a person, place or thing
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Noun
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Is a describing word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified
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Adjective
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Is a describing word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified
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Adjective
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i before e, except after c, AND except when it sounds like a (as in neighbor, feign and weigh)
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Spelling Strategies - Rule #1
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When a word of more than one syllable ends in a single vowel and a single consonant, the word emphasis is on the final syllable; to add a suffix that begins with a vowel, the consonant preceding should be doubled (occur -> occurring; prefer -> preferring)
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Spelling Strategies - Rule #2
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If the final syllable has no accent, do not double the consonant (benefit + -ing -> benefiting)
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Spelling Strategies - Rule #3
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If a word ends in a silent e, drop the e before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel (hope -> hoping; like -> liking)
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Spelling Strategies - Rule #4
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do not drop the e when the suffix begins with a consonant (use -> useless)
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Spelling Strategies - Rule #5
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When y is the last letter and the y is preceded by a consonant, change the y to i before adding a suffix (that doesnt start with i /*> pretty -> prettier; hurry -> hurried; deny -> denied)
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Spelling Strategies - Rule #6
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PEMDAS */ /*> Parenthesis; Exponents; Multiplication & Division (left to right); Addition & Subtraction (left to right)
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Math -> Order of Operations
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when the measures of two angles adds up to 180 degrees
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Supplementary
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when the measures of two angles adds up to 90 degrees
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Complementary
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Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria (in Prokaryotes it occurs in the plasma membrane because they do no have mitochondria) */ Is the transfer of Hydrogen ions (protons) between an electron donor and electron acceptor (Photosynthesis and redox reactions). The energy that is released is used in a metabolic pathway (oxidative phosphorylation) to produce ATP.
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Electron Transport Chain
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Occurs in the cytoplasm. Is a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate (1:2).
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Glycolysis
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Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy.
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Krebs Cycle (also known as Citric Acid Cycle)
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Eukaryotes only. Are called the "cellular power plants" and supply most of a cells ATP
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Mitochondria
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Eukaryotes only. Rough ER: Synthesis of proteins Smooth ER: Synthesis of lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, regulates calcium and filters (detoxifies)
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Contains acid hydrolase; breaks down waste and debris
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Lysosomes
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Describes a gas as a large number of small particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant, random motion. /*> Small particles; all have the same mass; total number is too large to count and stats can be used; move at constant, random motion; collide with themselves (Brownian motion); interactions are negligible; kinetic energy depends on temp
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Kinetic Theory
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refers to quantities so small that they can be ignored when studying the larger effect
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Negligible
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The atomic mass is the mass of a specific isotope. It is the total mass of protons, neutrons and electrons in a single atom.
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Atomic Mass
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Is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles (ionizing radiation)
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Radioactive Decay
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Protons (number of protons is the atomic number) + Neutrons */ /*> Neucleons are protons and neutrons
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Mass Number
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Proton has the most mass, Electrons have the least mass, Neutrons weigh about the same as protons
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Mass of Subatomic Particles
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variants of a particular chemical element. All isotopes of a given element share the same number of protons BUT each differs in the number of neutrons
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Isotopes
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Also called Antielectron. Is the counterpart of electrons (+1e) and has the same mass number as an electron
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Positron
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the theory about the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms
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Atomic Theory
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Helium --> with a mass number of 4 (mass number is the number of neutrons and protons), and has 2 protons (in a neutral atom this is also the same as the number of electrons)
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4/2 HE
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The energy required to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or ions
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Ionization Energy
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1 degree Celsius is 274 degrees Kelvin
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1 degree Celsius is how many degrees Kelvin?
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1 degree Celsius is 33.8 degrees Fahrenheit
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1 degree Celsius is how many degrees Fahrenheit ?
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10 degrees Celsius is 50 degrees Fahrenheit */ /*> Fahrenheit is Celsius degrees times 1.8 plus 33.8 <--
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10 degrees Celsius is how many degrees Fahrenheit?
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Is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions
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Chemical Compound
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(also called analysis or breakdown) is the separation of a chemical compound into elements or simpler compounds
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Decomposition Reaction
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Is a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another
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Single-Displacement Reaction
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purposeful execution of chmical reactions to get a product, or several products
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Synthesis Reaction
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is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species
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Combustion Reaction
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Is a vector, so it has direction.
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Velocity
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is the magnitude of velocity (doesnt have direction)
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Speed
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electrical potential difference (is the electrical difference between two points)
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Voltage
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is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge
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Capacitance
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F = ma, a force is any influence that causes an object to undergo a certain change, either concerning its movement, direction, or geometrical construction */ A larger mass requires more force to achieve the same acceleration rate.
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Force
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energy transferred from one body to another by thermal interactions (conduction, radiation, convection)
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Heat
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A force is said to do work when it acts on a body so that there is a displacement of the point of application, however small, in the direction of the force
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Work
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An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia".
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First Law of Motion
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Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).
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Second Law of Motion
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For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.
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Third Law of Motion
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a quantity that has magnitude and direction. Examples include: displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force. Each of these quantities are unique in that a full description of the quantity demands that both a magnitude and a direction are listed.
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Vector
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Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone.
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Scalar
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States that the electrical current (I) flowing in a circuit is proportional to the voltage (V) and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) * Therefore, if the voltage is increased, the current will increase, provided that the resistance doesnt change. *Similarly, increasing the resistance of the circuit will lower the current flow (if the voltage isnt changed)
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Ohms Law
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Ribosomes function in clusters called polysomes
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Polysomes
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The small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. --> closes at night to prevent the loss of H20
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Stomata
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one distinguished for skill and power as a public speaker
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Orator
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1. marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness 2. stubbornly resistant to control
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Obstreperous
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characterized by refusal to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude
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Intransigent
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partiality; an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives
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Partisanship
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reprimand (someone) severely
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Castigate
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an expert or connoisseur
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Maven
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A person who is new to a subject, skill or belief
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Neophyte
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Prayer; someone who prays to God (humility)
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Supplicant
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show or declare that someone is not guilty of a wrongdoing (exonerate, acquit, excuse, vindicate)
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Exculpate
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show or declare that someone is not guilty of a wrongdoing (exonerate, acquit, excuse, vindicate)
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Exculpate
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show or declare that someone is not guilty of a wrongdoing (exonerate, acquit, excuse, vindicate)
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Exculpate
