KAPLAN NURSING ENTRANCE EXAM-ELECTROLYTES – Flashcards
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what is an electrolyte
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Substance that dissolves in water and results in a solution that conducts an electric current
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what is a buffer system
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Buffer systems maintain a constant pH in blood.
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a decrease in blood ph is?
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acidosis
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a increase in blood ph is?
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alkalosis
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what is homeostasis PH
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Maintaining a stable internal environment
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what is the universal solvent?
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water
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Body fluids transport to all cells?
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Nutrients, electrolytes, o2 & Co2 waste
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the primary organs that regulate the composition and volume of body fluids.
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kindeys
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Electrolytes are regulated by?
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intake, output, acid-base balance, hormones and cell integrity
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What role does sodium play?
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Major extracellular electrolyte. Assists in conduction of electrical signals
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what does Na do to the body?
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controls and regulates water balance. Too little or too much will cause neuro problems
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What role does potassium play?
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primary intercellular electrolyte. assist in transmitting nerve impulses to muscles
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what role does chloride play?
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works with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure
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list electrolytes
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Calcium, Chloride, Potassium, Sodium
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Chloride increases when?
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with poor kidney function
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what role does calcium play?
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transmits nerve impulses. works with phosphate (necessary for blood clotting)
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what is BUN
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Blood Urea Nitrogen, measurement of kidney function.
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what is the most abundant electrolyte
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sodium
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what vitamin is required for blood clotting?
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vitamin K
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calcium requires what vitamin to be absorbed by the body?
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vitamin D
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calcium is primarily found where?
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bones (most abundant mineral in the body)
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3 variables regulate PH blood plasma
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Co2, Electrolyte concentration, total weak acid concentration
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Normal blood ph?
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7.4
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what is osmotic pressure?
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the amount of hydrostatic pressure it takes to prevent water from moving from its higher concentration
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what is osmosis?
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It is diffusion of water across the cell membrane
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what hormones are primarily responsible for fluid balance?
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ADH, Aldosterone, ANP
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intracellular fluid accounts for how much of total body weight?
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40%
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what has a lower concentration of sodium ions than extracellular fluid?
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Intracellular fluid
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increased blood pressure stimulates the release of?
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ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)
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the most important regulator of blood osmolality is?
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ADH
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if blood pressure decreases, blood levels of what hormones increase?
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aldosterone, angiotensin II, ADH, renin
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what is hypocalcemia?
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decrease in calcium, causes muscle spasms
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what is the largest buffer system in the body?
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protein buffer system
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Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by angiotensin II and
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elevated blood K+
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what are buffers?
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binds to excess H in the help systems maintain pH by absorbing excess H+ or donating H+ where there isn't enough
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If the pH of the blood decreases, the pH of the urine will
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decrease
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Increased ammonia in the urine and a continuously elevated respiratory rate indicate
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metabolic acidosis
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what accounts for about 40% of total body weight?
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intracellular fluid
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What has a lower concentration of sodium ions than extracellular fluid?
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intracellular fluid
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Increased blood pressure stimulates the release of?
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Atrial natriuretic hormone
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This plays a major role in regulating concentration of potassium
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Aldosterone
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during conditions of sever dehydration, hematocrit will _____? Also results in the blood viscosity will______?
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increase & increase
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Nephrons directly regulate acid-base balance by?
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secreting H ion into the filtrate
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Respiratory regulation of PH depend upon the?
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carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system
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the reaction between CO2 and H2O catalyzed by
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carbonic anhydrase
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increased ammonia in the urine and a elevated respiratory rate indicate?
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metabolic acidosis
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Hyperventilation can cause?
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Respiratory alkalosis
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the major mechanism that controls plasma level of calcium ions is?
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parathyroid hormone secretion.
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the most abundant negatively charged ion in the extracellular fluid is?
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chloride
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what is the primary function of the kidneys?
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regulate the composition and volume of body fluids
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what hormone is used to promote Na reabsorption in the kidneys?
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aldosterone
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this is the most common cause of alkalosis?
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vomiting
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the condition where blood ph is below 7.35
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acidosis
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which two organs are most important in the buffer system?
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Lungs and Kidney
