Julius Caesar Persuasive Techniques – Flashcards
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Persuasion
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An attempt to convince someone to adopt a new beliefe or take action.
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Logos
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Refers to any attempt to appeal to the audiences' intellect through the use of reasoning and logical arguments.
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Ethos
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Refers to the trustworthiness and credibility of the speaker/writer. Ethos is effective because trustworthy = more willing to listen to what they say.
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Pathos
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Refers to arguments that try to appeal to the emoitions of an audience. Can appeal to sadness, fear, joy, or anger
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Expert Opinion
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Quoting or referring to experts on a particular topic adds weight to your claims, and makes your argument more trustworthy.
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Data and Statistics
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Can be used as facts that support the logic of your argument
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Local Consequences
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Suggest what the immediate and direct impact will be on the audience
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Long-Term Consequences
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Suggest what the impact could be on the audience in the distant future
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Global Consequences
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Suggest the larger ramifications of what is being discussed in the quote.
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Compare and Contrast
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Point to similarities or differences between things in order to make a point
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Illustration
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The use of examples to made ideas more understandable or familiar for an audience. Ex. Simile/ Metaphor or an Anology,
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Anecdote
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A brief story told to illustrate a point or serve as an example of something. A biographical story is a personal anecdote.
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Hypothetical Situation
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Creation of an imaginary situation to make a point more powerful and vivid. Often used with Pathos.
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Refutation
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A part of persuasive speech or essay the brings up an opposing argument and argues against it.
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Concession
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Acknowledges that the opposing side is right about something. This makes the speaker seem fair and trustworthy.
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Concrete Details
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Vivid descriptions that evoke the five senses can be useful, especially when paired with pathos and hypothetical situations.
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Hyperbole
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An exaggerated statement used to heighten the effect. Should not be used to mislead, but rather to emphasize a point.
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Paralellisim
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Repetition of words, phrases, or sentences that have the same grammatical structure or state similar idea. Used to link ideas and emphasize points.
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Balanced Sentence
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Sentenece consisting of two or more clauses that are parallel in structure
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Antithesis
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The opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a balance or parallel construction.
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Rhetorical Questions
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A question asked for effect with no answer expected.
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Propaganda
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An extreme form of written, spoken, or visual persuasion intented to influence the reader of listener strongly, ususally by one-sided rather than fair or biased arguments. Sometimes manipulation , distortion or outright falsehood.
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Demonization
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Portrays the enemy as purely evil, menacing, murderous, and aggressive. Attempts to remove all confusion about whom they should hate.
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Name Calling
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Use this to create fear and arouse prejudice by using negative words (bad names) to create an unfavorable opinion or hatred against a group, beliefs, ideas or instutituions they would have us denounce.
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Negative Association
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Associates target with something that is disliked or likens it to groups that promote fear, hatred, and destruction.
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Glittering Generalities
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Vague, sweeping statements using language associated with values and beliefs deeply held by the audience. Ex. appeal to notions such as honor, glory, patriotisim, desire for peace, freedom, and family values.
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Bandwagon
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Persuade audiences to follow the crowd. Human desire to be on the winning side, and plays on the feelings of loneliness and isolation.
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Plain Folks
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Person talking is from humble origins or something they can trust who has their interests at heart. Speaker uses ordinary language and mannerisms to reach an audience and identify with their point of view.
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Testimonials
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Associate a respected or famous person to endorse a product or cause by giving it their stamp of approval.
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Transfer
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Technique used to carry over the authority and approval of something we respect and revere to something the propagandist would have us accept. Ex. Waving flag
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Emotional Appeals
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Involved exaggeratedly playing on people's emotions to get them to unthinkingly promote the war effort. Fear is the most common.
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Gender Appeals
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Uses ideas about masculinity or femininity to manipulate people
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Authority
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Plays on the emotional desire to please authority figures and to be considered worthy.
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Slogans
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Involves using memorable phrases to foster support. ex. Remember the Alamo!
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Half-Truths
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Includes an element of truth, but purposefully ignores other elements.
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Card Stacking
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Use this technique to make the best case possible for their side and worse case for the opposing view. Hand picks facts that support their cause and lead audience to accepting these facts.
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Oversimpliciation
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Generalizations are used to provide simple answers to complex social, political, or military problems.
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Euphemisms
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Pacify the audience in order to make an unpleasnt reality more palatable. Ex. Citizen Casualties = collateral damage.
