question

Phonograph

answer

An early sound recording machine invented by Thomas Edison; the recorded material was played back on a cylinder

question

Gramophone

answer

A machine invented by Emile Berlin that could play prerecorded sound on flat disks rather than cylinders

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High fidelity (hi-fi)

answer

A combination of technologies that allowed recordings to reproduce music more accurately, with higher high notes and deeper bass, than was possible with previous recording technologies

question

Non notated music

answer

Music such as a folk song or jazz solo that does not exist in written form

question

Telegraph

answer

The first system for using wires to send messages at a distance; invented by Samuel Morse in 1844

question

Wireless telegraph

answer

Guglielmo Marconi ' s name for his point to point communication tool that used radio waves to transmit messages

question

Radio music box memo

answer

David Sarnoff ' s 1915 plan that outlined how radio could be used as a popular mass medium

question

network

answer

A company that provides common programming to a large group of broadcast stations

question

Golden Age of Radio

answer

a period from the late 1920s until the 1940s during which radio was the dominant medium for home entertainment

question

soap operas

answer

serialized daytime dramas targeted primarily at women

question

social music

answer

music that people play and sing for one another in the home or other social settings. In the absence of radio, recordings, and later television, this was the means of hearing music most readily available to the largest number of people

question

rock n roll

answer

a style of music popularized on radio that combined elements of white hillbilly music and black rhythm and blues

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race records

answer

a term used by the recording industry prior to 1959 to refer to recordings by popular black artists. It was later replaced by more racially neutral terms such as R&B, soul, and urban contemporary

question

covers

answer

songs recorded (or covered) by someone other than the original artist. In the 1950s, it was common for white musicians to cover songs originally played by black artists, but now artists commonly cover all genres of music

question

girl groups

answer

a musical group composed of several women singers who harmonize together. Groups such as the Shirelles, the Ronettes, and the Shangri-Las, featuring female harmonies and high production values, were especially popular in the late 1950s and early 1960s

question

British Invasion

answer

The British take on classic American Rock n Roll, blues, and R&B transformed rock n roll and became internationally popular in the 1960s with groups such as the Beatles and later the Rolling Stones and the Who.

question

concept album

answer

an album by a solo artist or group that contains related songs on a common theme or even a story, rather than a collection of unrelated hits or covers

question

producer

answer

The person who puts together the right mix of songs, songwriters, technicians, and performers to create an album; some observers argue that the producer is the key catalyst for a hit album

question

disco

answer

The name of the heavily produced techno club dance music of the 1970s which grew out of the urban gay male subculture, with signifigant black and Latino influences.In many ways, disco defined the look and feel of 1970s pop culture, fashion, and film

question

hip-hop

answer

A cultural movement that originated in the 1970s and 1980s that features four main elements: MCing or rapping over music; DJing or playing recorded music from multiple sources; B-Boyidng a style of dancing and graffiti art

question

rap music

answer

The genre arose out of the hip hop culture in New York City in the 1970s and 1980s. It emerged from clubs where DJS played and remixed different records and sounds and then spoke (or rapped) over the top

question

country music

answer

Originally referred to as hillbilly or old timey music this genre evolved out of Irish and Scottish folk music. Mississippi blues and Christian gospel music and fee in the 1950s and 1960s with the so called Nashville sound

question

long-playing record (LP)

answer

A record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. The more durable LP could reproduce 23 minutes of high quality music on each of 2 sides and was a technological improvement over the 78 rpm

question

45-rpm disk

answer

This record format was developed in the late 1940s by RCA. It had high-quality sound but held only about four minutes of music per side. It was the ideal format for marketing popular hit songs to teenagers, though

question

compact disk (CD)

answer

a digital recording medium that came into common use in the early 1980s. CD's can hold approximately seventy minutes of digitally recorded music

question

digital recording

answer

a method of recording sound - for example, that used to create CDs - that involves storing music in a computer - readable format known a binary information

question

analog recording

answer

an electromechanical method of recording in which a sound is translated into analogous electrical signals that are then applied to a recording medium. Analog recording medium included acetate or vinyl discs and magnetic tape

question

MP3

answer

short for moving picture experts group audio layer 3; a standard for compressing music from CDs or other digital recordings into computer files that can be easily exchanged on the Internet

question

format radio

answer

a style of radio programming designed to appeal to a narrow, specific audience. Popular formats include country, contemporary hits, all talk, all sports, or oldies

question

shock jocks

answer

radio personalities, such as Howard Stern, who attract listeners by making outrageous and offensive comments on the air

question

Federal Communications Commission

answer

(FCC) the federal agency charged with regulating telecommunications, including radio and television broadcasting

question

terrestrial radio

answer

AM and FM broadcast radio stations

question

HD radio

answer

Sometimes also referred to as high-definition radio, this technology provides listners with CD quality sound and the choice of multiple channels of programming, but it is not yet commonly available in mass-market or as standard equipment

question

satellite radio

answer

the radio service provided by digital signal broadcast from a communications satellite. Supported by subscribers, this service covers a wider area than terrestrial radio and offers programming that is different from corporate-owned terrestrial stations. However, it is costly and doesn't provide local coverage, such as traffic and weather reports

question

streaming radio

answer

audio programming transmitted over the internet

question

podcast

answer

an audio program produced as an MP3 compressed music file that can be listened to online at the listenr's convenience or downloaded to a computer or an MP3 player. Podcasts sometimes contain video content as well

question

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP)

answer

The original organization that collected royalties on musical recordings, performances, publications, and airplay

question

What are some of the distinct advantages radio has over other mass mediums

answer

-Radio is everywhere, in cars, homes, workplaces, businesses -Everyone has a radio and they are generally more affordable than other media devices -People develop strong personal connections to radio personalities and show formats

question

Digital recordings such as CD's frighten recording companies for which of the following reasons

answer

Consumers can potentially make perfect digital copies of the music without paying for them

question

What did David Sarnoff predict in regards to the future of the radio industry

answer

Radio would become more than just a tool for communication; It would provide entertainment, information, sports, music, and would become a staple in our social culture

question

Which of the following statements is true abut radio as we know it?

answer

It depended on a series of inventions and discoveries over forty to sixty year period

question

The statement that radio became a companion medium, means which of the following

answer

became the medium listened to while doing something

question

Which federal act resulted in the establishment of the Federal Radio Commission

answer

Radio Act of 1927

question

The method of recording sound that involve storing it in a series of numbers is called which of the following

answer

digital recording

question

The BBC represents the convergence taking place in the sound industry for which of the following reasons

answer

It now transmits its broadcasts via the internet as well as over the air

question

All of the following except ________ were part of RCA

answer

Columbia Broadcasting System

question

Whis is Guglielmo Marconi a figure in the history of radio?

answer

-He pioneered new technology that advanced the uses of long distance radio transmission -He discovered/invented wireless radio technology, this is why he's considered the father of radio -He was a businessman who found commercial success with radio, The Marconi Company was one of the very fist commercially successful mass media companies in the world

question

kinetoscope

answer

an early peep peep show-like movie projection system devweloped by Thomas Edison that could be used only by individual viewer

question

feature length film

answer

a theatrica movie that runs more than one hour

question

studio system

answer

a factory like way of producing films that involved having all of the talent, including the actors and directors, working directly for the movie studios. The studios also had almost total control of the distribution system

question

block bookings

answer

requiring a theater owner to take a whole series of movies in order to get a few desirable, headliner films. This system was eventually found to violate antitrust laws

question

synchronized soundtrack

answer

sound effects, music, and voices sychrinized witht he moving images in a movie

question

talkie

answer

a movie with sychroonized sound; these quickly replaced silent films

question

House Un-American Activities Committee

answer

a congressionaol committee chaired by Parnell Thimas that held hearings on the influence of communism on Hollywood in 1947. These activities mirrored a wider effort to root out suspected communists inall walks of American life

question

Hollywood Ten

answer

a group of ten writers and directors who refused to testify before the House of Un-American Activities Committee about their political activities. They were among the first people in Hollywood to be blacklisted

question

blacklist

answer

A group of people banned from working in the movie industry in the late 1940s and 1950s because they were suspected of being communists or communist sympathizers. Some of them, such as a few screenwriters, were able to work under assumed names, but others never worked again in the industry

question

multiplex

answer

a group of movie theaters with anywhere from three to twenty screens that share a common box office and concession stand. Laregly a suburban phenomenon at first, they replaced the old urban Art Deco movie palaces

question

blockbuster era

answer

a period from the late 1970s tot he present day in which movie studios make relatively expensive movies that have a large, predefined audience. These movies, usually chock-full of special effects,are packaged with cable deals and marketing tie-ins, and they can be extremely lucrative if they are able to attract large repeat audiences

question

production code

answer

the industry-imposed rules that controlled the content of movies from the 1930s until the current movie ratings system came into ise in 1968

question

ancillary or secondary markets

answer

movie revenue sources other than the domestic box office. These include foreign box offices, video rights, and television rights, as well as tie-ins and product placements

question

Edward Muybridge and Etienne Marey are famous for which of the following?

answer

The conducted early experiments on depicting motion with photos

question

Movie attendance peaked in which year

answer

in 1946

question

Who developed the earliest portable movie cameras

answer

Auguste-Marie and Louis Jean Lumiere

question

In the 1930s and 1940s, the studio required theaters to schedule a large number of lesser movies in order to get one or 2 major films. This practice was known as

answer

block booking

question

What percentage of new movies actually turn a profit

answer

20%

question

Which of the following was the movie that sold the most tickets of all time

answer

Gone with the End

question

The large number of smaller theaters grouped together that replaced the large Art Deco movie palaces are known as which of the following

answer

multiplexes

question

The movie that revolutionized Internet based promotion of films was which of the following

answer

The Blair Witch Project

question

The blacklist of the 1940sand 1950s was driven by which of the following

answer

a fear of communism

question

Box office sales are currently considered

answer

flat

question

community antenna television (CATV)

answer

an early form of cable television used to distribute broadcastc channels in communities with poor televison reception

question

Big Three Networks

answer

the original televsions broadcast networdks: NBC, CBS, and ABC

question

videocassete recorder (VCR)

answer

a home videotape machine that allows viewers to make permanant copies of television shows and, thus chose when they want to watch programs

question

direct broadcast satellite (DBS)

answer

a low-earth-oribit satellite that proveds televisoin programming via a small, pizza sized satellite antenna; DBS is a competitior to cable TV

question

high definition television (HDTV)

answer

a standard for high wuality digital broadcasting that features a high-resolution picture, wide screen format, and enhanced sound

question

standard digital television

answer

a standard for digital broadcasting that allows six channels to fit in the broadcast frequency space occupied by a single analog signal

question

television networks

answer

a company that proveds programs to local stations around the country; the local afiliiate stations chose which programs to carry

question

Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)

answer

a nonprofit broadcast network that orivides a wide range of public service and educational programs. It is funded by government appropiations, private industry underwriting, and viewer suppport

question

Big Four Networks

answer

the broadcast landscape we know today; the big three networks plus the FOX network

question

PeopleMeter

answer

an electronic box used by the ratings company Nielsen Media Research to record which television shows people watch

question

sweeps

answer

the four times during the year that Nielsen Media Research measures the size of the individual televison station audiences

question

rating point

answer

the percentageof the total potential television audience actually watching a particular show. One rating point indicates an audience of approximately 1.14 viewers

question

share

answer

the percentage of television sets in use that are tuned to a particular show

question

telenovelas

answer

spanish-language soap operas in both latin and americ and the United States

question

public access channels

answer

local cable televison channels that air public affairs programming and other locally produced shows

question

video on demand

answer

televison channels that allow consumers to order movie, news, or other programs at any time over fiber optic lines

question

cutting the cord

answer

replacing traditional padi video services such as cable or staellite television, with internet based stresming services

question

Which of the following is the federal agency charges with regulating telecommunications including radio and television broadcasting

answer

FCC

question

Which of the following is an argument against the unifying bond theory describing TV culture

answer

The audiences are fragmented due to differences in accessibility and technology

question

Which of the following created the Public Broadcasting System

answer

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

question

What are telenovelas

answer

Spanish language television soap operas

question

What did FCC chairman Newton Minow say about TV

answer

it is a vast wasteland

question

What is the 5th highest rated TV network in the US

answer

Univision

question

Why is the 1960 presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy significant

answer

It set the standard for success when pursuing the presidency. Victory now hinged on a favorable television persona

question

Audience members can now interact with cable and broadcast television by doing which of the following

answer

ALL OF THE ABOVE -skipping commercials using DVR -calling up movies on demand -vote for the outcome of reality programs

question

The so-called v chip Is designed to do which of the following

answer

stop children from seeing offensive programs on v chip equipped TV sets

question

Viacom and CBS split into two separate companies for which of the following reasons

answer

They wanted to give their investors two separate stocks to invest in

question

internet

answer

A diverse set of independent networks, interlinked to provide it's users with the appearance of a single, uniform network; the Internet is a mass medium like no other, incorporating elements of interpersonal, grouo, and mass communications

question

packet switching

answer

A method for breaking up long messages into small pieces, or 0ackets, and transmitting them independently across a computer network. Once the packets arrive at their destination, the receiving computer reassembled the message into its original form

question

ARPAnet

answer

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network; the first nationwide computer network, which became the first major component of the internet

question

TCP/IP

answer

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, which controls how data are sent out on the internet; IP stands for Internet Protocol, which provides the address for each computer on the internet. These protocols provided common rules and translations so that incompatible computers could communicate with each other

question

electronic mail (email)

answer

A message sent from one computer user to another across a network

question

instant messaging (IM)

answer

Email systems that allow two or more users to chat with one another in real time, hold virtual meetings that span multiple cities or even countries and keep track of which of their buddies are currently logged onto the system

question

listservs

answer

Internet discussion groups made up of subscribers that use email to exchange messages between as few as a dozen people or as many as several thousand

question

hypertext

answer

Material in a format containing links that allow the reader to move easily from one section to another and from document to document. The most commonly used hypertext documents are Web pages

question

World Wide Web

answer

A system developed by Tim Berners-Lee that allows users to view and link documents located anywhere in the world using standard software

question

uniform resource locator (URL)

answer

One of the three major components of the Web; the address of content placed on the Web

question

hypertext transfer protocol (http)

answer

A method of sending text, graphics, or anything else over the Internet from a server to a Web browser

question

hypertext markup language (HTML)

answer

The programming language used to create and format Web pages

question

Mosaic

answer

The first easy to use graphical Web browser, developed by a group of student programmers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

question

social media

answer

Web sites that allow users to generate content, comment, tag, and network with friends or other like-minded people

question

broadband service

answer

A high speed continuous connection to the Internet using a cable modem from a cable television provider or a digital subscriber line from a phone company

question

aggregator sites

answer

An organizing Web site that provides surfers with easy access to email, news, online stores, and many other sites

question

Weblog (blog)

answer

A collection of links and commentary in hypertext firm on the world wide wen that can be created and posted on the internet with relatively little effort. Blogs can be public diaries, collections of photos, or commentaries on the news

question

citizen journalism

answer

Journalism created by people other than professional journalists, often distributed over the internet

question

hacker ethic

answer

A set of values from the early days of interactive computing that holds that users should have absolute control over their computer systems and free access to all information contained on those computers. The hacker ethic shaped much of the development of the internet

question

cookies

answer

Tiny files that Web sites create to identify visitors and potentially track their actions on the site and the web

question

Digital trespassers

answer

People who break into institutional computers

question

On a web site cookies are which of the following

answer

files used to identify and track visitors at a websites

question

The World Wide Web became the standard for posting documents on the Internet because its creator did which of the following

answer

gave it away for free

question

Paul Baran's idea of cutting messages into small pieces and sending them on the easiest route was known as which of the following

answer

packet switching

question

Who developed TCP/IP, the original specification for the Internet's protocols

answer

Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf

question

The movie that revolutionized Internet-based promotion of films was which of the following

answer

The Blair Witch Project

question

The Internet is difficult to regulate on a federal or state level because _________________.

answer

Not one person or entity actually owns it

question

According to Tim Berners-Lee, which of the following is a principle upon which the Web is based?

answer

Users should be able to link to any document at anywhere in the world.

question

Broadband access is _____________________ to income and education levels

answer

directly proportional

question

Which of the following tends to be true of user-written encyclopedias such as Wikipedia

answer

-The content gets bogged down by trivia and political debates. -They tend to have articles on a wide range of topics. -The articles vary in quality

question

Radio and the Internet have which of the following in common?

answer

They both were initially developed as tools for machine-assisted interpersonal communication and data sharing.

question

advertising

answer

defined by the american marketing association as "any paid form of nonpersonal communication about an organization, product, service, or idea by an identified sponsor

question

indistrialization

answer

the movement from work done by hand using muscle or water power in small shops to mass production of goods in factories that used energy sources such as steam power or electricity. It was part of the modernization process

question

modernization

answer

the process of change from a society in which people's identities and roles are fixed at birth to a society where people can decide who they want to be, where they want to live, what they want to do, and how they want to present themselves to the world

question

economy of abundance

answer

an economy in which there are as many or more goods available as there are people who want to or have the means to buy them

question

brand name

answer

a word or phrase attatched to prepackaged consumer goods so that they can be better promoted to the general public through advertising and so that consumers can distinguish a given product from the competition

question

local advertising

answer

advertising designed to get people patronize local stores, business, or service providers

question

direct action message

answer

an advertising message designed to get consumers to go to a particular place to do something specific, such as purchasing a product, obtaining a service, or engaging in a behavior

question

national advertising

answer

advertising designed to build demand for a nationally available product or service and that is not directing the consumer to local retail or service outlets

question

indirect action message

answer

an advertising message designed to build the image of and the demand for a product, without specifically urging that a particular action be taken at a particular time and place

question

advocacy ads

answer

advertising designed to promote a particular point of view rather than a product or service. Can be sponsored by a government, corporation, trade association, or nonprofit organization

question

public service ads

answer

advertising designed to promote the messages of nonprofit institutions and government agencies. The messages are typically produced and run without charge by advertising professionals and the media. Many of these ads are produced by the Ad council

question

business to business (trade) ads

answer

advertising that promotes products and services directly to other businesses rather than to the general consumer market

question

open contract

answer

an arrangement that allows advertising agencies to sell space in any publication (and eventually on broadcast outlets as well) rather than just a limited few

question

the big idea

answer

the goal of every advertising campaign - an advertising concept that will grab people's attention and make them take notice, remember, and take action

question

brand image

answer

the image attached to a brand and the associated product that gives the product a personality or an identity that makes it stand out from similar products and stick in the mind of the consumer

question

media planning

answer

the process central to a successful ad campaign of figuring out which media to use, buying the media at the best rates, and then evaluating how effective the purchase was

question

CPM

answer

cost per thousand exposures to the audience - a figure used in media planning

question

zoned coverage

answer

when a newspaper targets news coverage or advertisements to a specific region of a city or market

question

drive time

answer

the morning and afternoon commutes in urban areas; the captive audience makes this a popular time to advertise on radio

question

targeting

answer

the process of trying o make a particular product or service appeal to a narrowly defined group. groups are often targeted using demographics, geographics, and psychographics

question

clutter

answer

the large number of commercials, advertising, and other nonprogramming messages and interruptions that compete for consumer attention on radio, television, and now the internet

question

subliminal advertising

answer

messages that are allegedly embedded so deeply in an ad they cannot be perceived consciously. there is no evidence that subliminal advertising is effective

question

intergrated marketing communication

answer

an overall communication strategy for reaching key audiences using advertising, public relations, sales promotions, and interactive media

question

advertorial

answer

advertising materials in magazines designed to look like editorial content rather than paid advertising

question

product integration

answer

the paid integration of a product or service into the central theme of media content. this is most common in television programming or movies, but it can be found in books, magazine articles, web pages, o even songs

Journalism Exam 2

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