J201 The Internet – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Information superhighway
answer
the early description for the internet that suggests people envisioned the new system for conveying information that would replace the old one
question
Digitization
answer
information in analog form is translated in binary code that can be encoded in software and transmitted between computers
question
Sputnick and the Cold War
answer
Soviet spacecraft that became the first to orbit the earth in 1957. Shocked the U.S for being beaten and ushered in the new era of U.S government spending on technologies, scientific and military developments
question
Explorer
answer
1958, first successful rocket launch that formed the U.S defense department research agency that would eventually lead to the Internet
question
U.S Defense Department's Advanced Research Products Agency (ARPA)
answer
created in 1958, assembled a team of computer scientists around the country to develop and test technological innovations
question
ARPAnet
answer
nicknamed the Net, computer network that became the internet - it enabled military and academic researchers to communicate on a distributed network system
question
E-mail
answer
Ray Tomlinson came up with an essential innovation to help researchers communicate and decided to use the "@" sign to separate the user's name from the computer name
question
Microprocessors
answer
led to the introduction of the first personal computers which were smaller and cheaper than the bulky systems
question
Fiber optic cable
answer
in the mid 1980s, transmitting thousands of messages simultaneously via laser light became the standard for converting communication data speedily
question
National Science Foundation (NSF)
answer
developed high speed communication network (NSFNET) as well as five new supercomputer centers which were designed to speed up access to research data and encourage private investment in the Net - opened up its network fully to commercial use in 1990 when ARPAnet officially ended
question
Web 1.0
answer
Internet use before the 1990s most consisted of people transferring files, accessing computer databases from remote locations and sending emails through an unwieldy interface
question
World Wide Web
answer
developed by software engineer Tim Berners Lee - enabled users to access texts through clickable links rather than through difficult computer code
question
Hypertext
answer
The system allowed for computer accessed information to associate with or link to other information on the internet - no matter where it was located
question
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
answer
the written code that creates Web pages and links can be read by all computers
question
Browsers
answer
Software applications that help users navigate the Web
question
Mosaic
answer
1993, the first user friendly browser to load text and graphics together in a magazine like layout
question
Web 2.0
answer
encouraged a deeper trend to media convergence: While the internet was primarily a medium for computer savvy users to deliver text and graphic content during its Web 1.0 stage, its now a place where people can access and share all manner of media content: music on Spotify, video on Youtube - ***the iconic achievement of Web 2.0 is social networking
question
Instant Messaging (IM)
answer
services allow users to assemble personalized "buddy lists" of friends, build personal profiles and chat in real time with any of their buddies online
question
Social Networking Sites
answer
including Facebook, Myspace, Friendster, LiveJournal - popular places on the internet
question
Blogs
answer
sites containing user-generated articles in chronological, journal-like form, often including reader comments and links to other sites
question
Wikis
answer
informative web sites that anyone can edit and contribute to (means "quick" in Hawaiian)
question
Web 3.0
answer
will boast even greater bandwidth for faster, more graphically rich 3D applications - will send us information based on our what they have concluded are important to us - will also likely involve ever-increasing mobile connectivity and convergence
question
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
answer
compete to provide consumers with access to the Internet - earliest offered dial-up access. Today the preferred access method is through broadband connections
question
Broadband
answer
connection that can quickly download multimedia content via high-speed service from cable, telephone or satellite companies
question
Directories
answer
rely on people to review and catalogue Web sites, creating categories with hierarchical topic listings that can be browsed - Ex. Yahoo acting as all purpose entry point - or portal to the internet
question
Portal
answer
All purpose entry point to the Internet
question
Search engines
answer
route for finding information on the web by using a complicated algorithm and an enormous database of Web Pages compiled and regularly updated by the search engine company
question
Open source software
answer
code can be updated by anyone interested in modifying it - Ex. Lunix - shared with computer programmers and hobbyists around the world who have avidly participated to improve it
question
The Internet Archive
answer
established in 1996, aims to ensure that researchers, historians, scholars and all U.S citizens have access to digitized content - also partnered with the Open Content Alliance to digitize every book in the public domain
question
Phishing
answer
costly form of internet identity theft through which scammers send phony email messages that appear to be from official websites asking costumers to update their information such as their credit card details
question
E-commerce
answer
the buying and selling of products and services on the Internet
question
Cookies
answer
information profiles that are automatically collected and transferred between computer servers whenever users access the web sites
question
Spyware
answer
information gathering software that's often secretly bundled with free downloaded software that sends pop up ads to users' computer screens - plant viruses and malicious click fraud programs on computers
question
Opt-in policies
answer
require a Web site to obtain explicit permission from consumers before it can collect their browsing history data
question
Children's Internet Protection Act of 2000
answer
passed and upheld in 2003 act requires schools and libraries that receive federal funding for internet access to use software that filters out any visual content deemed obscene, pornographic or harmful to minors, unless disabled at the request of adult users
question
Economic divide
answer
the disparity of wealth between the rich and poor
question
Digital divide
answer
coined from economic divide, refers to the contras t between the "information haves" (those who can afford to pay for Internet services) and the "information have nots" (those who can't) -one way of closing this gap was to make internet available in public libraries -Another way would be for cities and other municipalities to offer inexpensive WIFI
question
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
answer
led the charge to provide networked computers in libraries since 1997
question
Wifi
answer
wireless internet access
question
Mass customization
answer
individual consumers can tailor a web page or other media form, has enabled us to express our creativity more easily and conveniently than ever -Ex. we can create our own personal web space on Facebook without the underlying web code
