Gender roles
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Gender Role Behavior
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Males behavior considered aggressive and unemotional Female behavior passive, dependent and expressive.
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Behavioral Interest in Gender Role
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interested in how these behaviors and ideas are developed and maintained
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Gender roles and operant conditioning
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Newborns described along gender description in 24 days. Two year olds get toys that go along with their gender. It happens early and they observe it when older people follow gender stereotypes. They are then dis/approved of by parents accordingly.
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Masculinity and Femininity
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Two opposite ends of the spectrum that are incompatible Assumption: sex ad gender role matching are psychologically healthy
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Communion and Agency
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Communion - attachment, cooperative, interpersonal connection Agency - independent, control, assertive
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Androgyny Model
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Masculinity and Femininity are put on their own spectrums and are independent traits. Also tested the assumption that psychological healthy = sex. they said you need to be more flexible on the communion or agenic level in order to by psychologically healthy.
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Congruence Model
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The least empirical support. Traditional view is that masculine men and feminine women are most well-adjusted. If you display these traits, it is less likely that you will be punished by society.
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Masculinity Model
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People who behave more masculine are more likely to be psychologically healthy. Society values masculine behaviors so you will be more supported.
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Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (4 steps)
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1. Attend 2. Remember 3. Enact 4. Expect
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Attend
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observe the display of aggression. can't mimic aggressive behavior if you don't attend to it in an environment around you. a person or on TV.
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Remember
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Kids also more likely to mimic a behavior if the model uses a toy they liked and if they liked the act itself. If only liked EITHER toy or act, mimicking is less likely.
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Enact
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Get practice time to employ the aggressive behavior. This proved that you can learn something without ever having to perform it, but if you perform it you are more likely to internalize it.
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Expect
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Need to expect that positive consequences are coming from the behavior. Older siblings, behavior is "justified", people labeled a hero (Batman).
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Physical aspects for aggressive mimicry (Bandura 1977, 1986)
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The more similar the model, the more likely the aggression will be mimicked. 1. Child in the same room 2. A child model in a film. 3. Animated Age and sex also a factor
