IUF1000 Midterm, Duffy
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Ayurveda
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TXT: Dominik Wujastyk, The Roots of Ayurveda MEANING: Traditional Hindu system of medicine and wisdom to help people stay healthy and reach their potential.
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Three Ambitions
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TXT: Dominik Wujastyk, The Roots of Ayurveda MEANING: 1. The will for life: to live a good life one must want to live and so take care of oneself spiritually and physically. 2. The drive for riches: work in something honorable to achieve affluence and livelihood. 3. The aspiration to reach the world beyond: man must aspire to rebirth by living a righteous life,
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Three Pillars
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TXT: Dominik Wujastyk, The Roots of Ayurveda MEANING: Food, sleep, and a chaste life. If man avoids addiction, these three pillars will keep his body healthy and full of vigour.
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Three Sources of Disease
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TXT: Dominik Wujastyk, The Roots of Ayurveda MEANING: The overuse, underuse, and abuse of sense objects, actions, and time.
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Death and Being Blessed
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TXT: Herodotus, The History MEANING: Croesus believed that his riches made him a blessed man. Instead, Solon taught him that luck and an exceptional death made a man blessed. Riches are good for material objects, but luck helps man avoid disease and lacking, and have the opportunity for a good death.
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Five-Fold Happiness
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TXT: Vivien Sung, Five-Fold Happiness MEANING: 1. luck 2. prosperity (status, honor, and high positions of office) 3. longevity (very esteemed; moral conduct was essential) 4. double happiness (marital bliss, fertility) 5. wealth (acquired from business, good harvests, trade)
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Four Happiness Boys
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TXT: Vivien Sung, Five-Fold Happiness MEANING: Picture drawn by a child prodigy to represent the four happiness's: wedding night, passing the imperial exam, running into a friend on a faraway place, rain after a drought.
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Solon
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TXT: Herodotus, The History MEANING: Wise Athenian traveler. Arrives at the court of Croesus in Sardis.
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Croesus
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TXT: Herodotus, The History MEANING: Rich king. Wanted confirmation that his riches made him the most blessed man.
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Herodotus
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TXT: Herodotus, The History MEANING: Greek. Father of History, writer of first History book as we know them. It was based mostly on anecdotal evidence.
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Unlived Lives
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TXT: Dawna Markova, May We Not Live Unlived Lives MEANING: lives without significance, without presence in every moment, without a greater purpose.
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Three Purposes
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TXT: Pres. Bernie Machen, All That And More: The True Purposes of College MEANING: 1. Self-discovery 2. Career 3. Contribution to society
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Hedonism
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TXT: Joel Kupperman, Six Myths About The Good Life MEANING: The belief that the most rewarding life will be the one with the most pleasure and the least pain. Hedonists live life as to maximize short term pleasure.
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Hedonic Treadmill
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TXT: Joel Kupperman, Six Myths About The Good Life MEANING: Humans are like hamsters on a wheel - we adjust to pleasure so every time we desire more in order to maintain the feeling.
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Flow
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TXT: Joel Kupperman, Six Myths About the Good Life MEANING: A state that is achieved when a person loses track of time while doing a highly challenging activity for which they have a high level of skill. Activities that induce a state of flow are continually among the most cherished experiences.
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Buddhist Argument On Pleasure
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TXT: Joel Kupperman, Six Myths About The Good Life MEANING: They believe that pleasure cannot exist without desire, but desiring something is unpleasant. Since we don't always obtain the things we desire, we live a life of mostly frustration.
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Beginnings And Endings
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: In our memory of events, we overvalue endings and often let endings color the entire memory. In other words, the ending of an experience can affect how we end up feeling about the entire experience.
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Eudaimonia:
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TXT: Joel Kupperman, Six Myths About The Good Life MEANING: Moral philosophy that states that what's \"right\" is what leads to the individual's personal happiness.
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Experience vs. Memory Happiness
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: Memory happiness - how satisfied a person is when they think about their life in general. Experience happiness - about 3 seconds long; exists in the present and cannot be altered once it's past.
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Life Of A Clam
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TXT: Joel Kupperman, Six Myths About The Good Life MEANING: A philosophical question. If a clam was sitting on a grain of sand such that the clam's entire life was a single crescendo of pleasure, would you trade lives with it?
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Herman Hesse
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: Swiss Novelist and Literature Nobel Prize Laureate. Inspired by Carl Jung's psychoanalysis theories. Like Sid, he abandoned a suburban life, which led him to write a novel.
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Brahmin
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: most prestigious Hindu caste, above warriors and kings, composed of the priests and the academics. Sid and his family belonged to the Brahmin.
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Kamala
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: woman who Sid fell in love with. She represents sexuality and the world of fulfillment of desire. She introduced Sid to the hedonistic world of the child people.
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The River
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: entity symbolic of the idea of constant rebirth and regrowth, and the unity of past, present, and future. In contemplating it, Sid realized that life and every person are part of the same cycle of suffering, we are just all in different sections of the cycle, but they exist in unison, not as a continuum of events. Just as the water of the river flows into the ocean and is returned by rain, all forms of life are interconnected in a cycle without beginning or end.
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The Child People
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: group of people living a hedonistic lifestyle. As a society, they were seekers of pleasure, be it short term (sex, lust, drinks, gambling) or long term (wealth, property). Sid saw his time with them as a game that children were playing; he could never fully immerse himself in their philosophy.
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Vasudeva
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: ferryman, river guide. An enlightened man that teaches Sid how to find peace and enlightenment in the river.
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Om
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: holy word that ends prayers. Sid hears it in the murmur of the river - it represents oneness.
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The Son
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: biggest obstacle between Sid and enlightenment, because he has to get rid of his worldly love for his son and let him go to become enlightened. When he finally does, he learns through suffering.
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Samsara
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: constant cycle of rebirth and death, cycling through the forms of suffering.
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Govinda
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TXT: Herman Hesse, Siddhartha MEANING: Sid's friend, who becomes an apprentice to the Buddha but fails to reach enlightenment as a disciple. Sid teaches him that one cannot learn enlightenment. He is both a guide and a disciple to Sid.
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Logotherapy
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: the human person is motivated by a \"will to meaning,\" an inner pull to find a meaning in life. Principles: 1. life always has meaning 2. our main motivation for living is our will to find meaning in life 3. there are three ways to find meaning: creating a work or doing a deed, experiencing something or encountering someone, and taking the correct attitude to suffering.
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Prison Number
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: tattoos or brands on clothing to identify prisoners in concentration camps. People didn't have names or professions, just numbers.
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Playthings Of Fate
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: 1/28 people survived the concentration camps. They were immensely dependent on sheer luck and the mood of the guards to survive: they had to be lucky enough to be strong enough to work, and then not die of starvation or disease, etc.
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Meaning In Suffering
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: suffering can make a person strive to improve their life and thus find meaning in it. How people face suffering determines whether they get torn down by it or they find meaning in it and survive it thanks to that meaning.
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Connection Of \"Why\" And \"How\"
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: he who has a \"why\" to live can get through almost any \"how\".
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Capos
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: prisoners who acted as trustees and had special privileges. They were selected by the guards to enact additional surveillance and violence for their ruthlessness and got rewarded for it.
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Why The Best Didn't Survive
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: survivors were only those who lost all scruples in their fight for existence; they were willing to betray and lie and much more to stay alive. Those who clung to their morals did not survive.
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Delusion Of Reprieve
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: the condemned man, right during his last moments, will imagine that something impossible will happen and he will be spared. We tend to believe, until our final moments, that it will not be as bad as it seems.
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Regression
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: a retreat to a more primitive form of life, reduced to survival, needs and instincts. Desires are sidelined to the dream world.
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Naked existence
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TXT: Victor Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning MEANING: an animal way of existence - completely stripped of material possessions, names, etc. The only way to not turn into an animal is to find and hold on to meaning.
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Henrietta Lacks
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TXT: Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks MEANING: poor African American woman who, in the 50's, went to the hospital for cervical cancer and had tissue removed from her cervix without her permission. Her cells, miraculously able to flourish and reproduce in a petri dish, started an industry of sale and purchase of cells and permitted countless medical advancements. Her family was never notified or compensated for the commercialization of her cells after her death.
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HeLa cells
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TXT: Rebecca Skloot, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks MEANING: cells derived from Henrietta Lack's tissue. They survive and flourish in a petri dish, so they are bought and sold by the tons around the world for medical research.
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Male Privilege
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: the phenomenon where men or people who present as men get automatic rewards and advantages over women in society.
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Sex, Gender, And Sexual Orientation
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: Sex is the biological expression of our chromosomes and brain chemistry that puts us somewhere in the spectrum of female - intersex - male. Transsexuality is when the gender in our brain does not match the body we have. Gender comes from culture, society, and personhood. People can identify and present anywhere between so-called male and female or even outside of the spectrum. Gender as we recognize it is made up of expectations, presentation, performance, identity, etc. Sexual orientation is who we are attracted to. There are countless labels for it.
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Objectification
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: to reduce a person to a commodity based on their looks, ignoring the other aspects and qualities of the person. Women are the most common victims of objectification.
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Smurfette Principle
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: a common construction in the media where there is a single woman in a group of men.
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Barbie As A Weapon
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TXT: Emily Praguer, Our Barbies, Ourselves MEANING: Barbie was designed by a man, so it almost acts as a weapon against women and the feminist movement because it represents an unreachable standard.
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Symmetry
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: a measure of attractiveness that we are culturally and historically conditioned to look for. Other examples: thinness, whiteness, height...
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Attractiveness Bias
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: if we consider someone as attractive, we are more likely to forgive their other faults. We also consider attractive people to be smarter, mentally healthier, happier, and more social, and we are more likely to want to be friends with them. *College freshmen dance study
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Kevin Connolly
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TXT: Kevin Connolly, Double Take: A Memoir MEANING: a man born without limbs who found it cathartic to take pictures of people as they stared at him for his uniqueness - a way to stare back.
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Third Things
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TXT: Donald Hall, The Third Thing MEANING: experiences and opportunities to bring diversity to married life. According to Hall and several studies, they are paramount to long term marital bliss. Eg ping pong, John Keats, afternoons at the pond.
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Jane Kenyon
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TXT: Donald Hall, The Third Thing MEANING: poet married to Donald Hall and subject of his \"The Third Thing Essay\"
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ABAB
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TXT: Donald Hall, The Third Thing MEANING: to avoid seeming like one was more important than the other, married poets Donald Hall and Jane Kenyon would use this format during joint readings: read in alternating segments of 15 minutes, switching who would start the reading in every new venue.
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Dunbar Number
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TXT: Monnika Konnikova, The Limits of Friendship MEANING: developed by exploring the relationship between brain sizes and social groups, the Dunbar Number describes the average amount of people that fit in each social circle. 150 - casual friends, large party, 50 - close friends, dinner party, 15 - confidant, sympathetic friends, 5 - close support, family members and best friends.
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60-40 Split Of Attention
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TXT: Monnika Konnikova, The Limits of Friendship MEANING: we spend 60% of our time with our inner friend groups of 5-15-50, and 40% with the larger ones.
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The Need Component of Friendship
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: helps determine the likeliness of two people becoming friends by comparing both persons' need of a new friend.
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The Compatibility Component of Friendship
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: arguably the least important component, because there has to be interaction and need for two people to even consider being friends. Compatibilities can be general (kindness, humor, spontaneity) or specific (video games, music taste).
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Dimensions of Closeness
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: Frequency - hours of day spent together Diversity - variety of activities done together Strength - degree to which people believe they are influenced by their partner
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Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
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TXT: Gottman, Making Marriage Work MEANING: 1. Criticism - complaining, saying partner's personality is defective 2. Defensiveness - arguing instead of accepting criticism and/or whining and playing the victim 3. Disrespect/contempt - feeling superior to the partner, talking down 4. Stonewalling - emotional withdrawal from conflict
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Demand-Withdraw Pattern
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TXT: Gottman, Making Marriage Work MEANING: One partner in the relationship uses emotional requests, criticism and complaints to create change. The other partner uses withdrawal, defensiveness and passive inaction to avoid the conflict and/or changes.
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The Sabbath
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TXT: Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Sabbath MEANING: Jewish holy day of the week, to celebrate life, to leave behind the human concerns of the weekdays and concentrate on appreciating divinity and devotion. \"Labor without dignity is the cause of misery; rest without spirit the source of depravity.\" Comfort and pleasure are also part of it - the Sabbath must be sanctified with delicious food and beautiful garments.
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Savoring
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: intensifying or prolonging the positivity after a happy event. It can be amplified (by capitalizing) or dampened. It's especially important when there are few things to be positive about.
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Capitalizing
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: sharing and discussing positive events with close friends who are supportive will prolong happiness and contribute to long term satisfaction.
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Amplifying
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: a way to enhance savoring. It involves capitalizing and being present.
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Dampening
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TXT: Duffy, Lecture MEANING: a way to ruin savoring. Involves distracting yourself, finding faults with the positive event, worrying about the future...
