question

Wizard

answer

A program that guides users through a sequence of choices and helpful information leading to the completion of specific tasks such as software installation, mail merges or computer configuration.

question

Model

answer

Description of an event, behavior or condition in the real world using a set of mathematical variables/relationships.. It is a physical representation of a system/process/entity or an abstraction/set of ideas to represent a system. It is used for predictions and as the basis of a computer simulation. Event modeled can generally be sped up or slowed down.

question

Simulation

answer

A representation of reality/imitation of a real situation. It uses a model to determine the output, pretending that a real situation is occurring. Usually runs in real-time.

question

GUI

answer

Graphical User Interface. A graphically-based computer monitor interface in which images, icons, dialogue boxes and standard widgets are used to facilitate communication between humans and machines. Can be contrasted with Command Line Interface (CLI).

question

DTP

answer

Desktop Publishing. The use of page-layout software to combine various source documents (text, graphs, pictures, images, etc.) into a coherent visually appealing printed publication. WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get). DTP software often offers templates.

question

ATM

answer

Automated Teller Machine. A specialised terminal that allows people access to their bank account for statements and/or cash withdrawals. It is linked to the bank's main computer network that authorises and validates transactions and issues cash and/or statements.

question

Digital TV

answer

The images are stored as zeros and ones. Digital data can be edited and changes stored and replayed. Digital information can be searched allowing users to find particular segments. Includes on-demand programs and features such as multiple languages and closed captions.

question

Analogue TV

answer

Images stored and broadcast as analogue electronic waves. Has a much lower resolution and audio quality than digital TV.

question

Data mining

answer

The discovery of hidden information, patterns or trends from a database by use of statistical or AI methods.

question

Data matching

answer

The linking of data in unrelated databases to produce new information.

question

DSL connection

answer

Uses a telephone line and modem to transfer digital data. A fixed line connection.

question

Dial-up modem connection

answer

Uses the analogue telephone line for a connection.

question

URL

answer

Uniform Resource Locator. The site address by which a web browser can locate a web page.

question

HTTP

answer

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A protocol or set of rules used to transfer pages on the Web.

question

Cookie

answer

A text file sent by a Web server that is stored by the Internet Browser on a hard disk. It allows the web server to identify you and store information about you in a database. Cookies allow a Web site to store information on a user's machine and later retrieve it. The database can save user ID, password, user preferences, \"signed-on\" status, session tracking and IP address.

question

Domain name

answer

Unique name for one or more IP addresses (web servers) on the Internet.

question

GHz

answer

GigaHertz. One billion Hertz. The speed of processing. It refers to the processor's clock.

question

MP3

answer

MPEG - Audio Layer 3. It is an audio compression format that allows files to be downloaded from the Internet. It discards audio signals that the human brain cannot hear (lossy compression) and compresses the remaining audio signal.

question

Audio bit rate

answer

The number of data bits required per second of audio. The higher, the better the quality, the more space the file requires and the longer it takes to transfer.

question

Sensor

answer

A device that detects change in a physical stimulus. It captures information from the person/environment and turns it into a signal that can be measured or recorded.

question

Pixel

answer

A picture element; The smallest element/unit on the screen/in a graphic image. Arranged in a 2D grid. A dot with color.

question

Smart card

answer

A card that contains a microprocessor/chip that stores data and can be updated. It can use RFID technology and encrypt data.

question

GPS

answer

Global Positioning System. A receiver that calculates its absolute geographic position by determining its relative position to a set of at least three satellites. It is a navigational system that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on earth.

question

OCR

answer

Optical Character Recognition. Text/numbers are scanned/captured and stored. They are translated into a form the computer can manipulate (ex. ASCII).

question

Search engine

answer

A program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the key words were found. It uses a \"spider/crawler/bot\" that goes to representative pages on every web site that are searchable and reads them. Very large database of website automatically built by robots (\"spiders\") that seek out and index the words on web pages.

question

Relational Database

answer

Collection of data items organized in tables. Key fields are used to link data between the tables. Organization of data in tables reduces data redundancy and changes in one table are reflected in other tables automatically.

question

Resolution

answer

The number of pixels on a display monitor. Density of the pixels.

question

Key field

answer

It is unique. It identifies one record in the database. ID number. It is used to link tables in a relational database.

question

Intellectual property

answer

A product of the intellect with commercial value. Includes copyrighted property such as literary or artistic works or ideas such as patents, business methods and industrial processes.

question

ASCII

answer

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A binary code that represents characters. Strings of 0s and 1s. Most common format for text files. Created to represent the characters used in the English language. Special characters in other languages can be represented by extending ASCII codes.

question

Videoconferencing

answer

Technologies that allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. Integration of audio, video and devices for the simultaneous communication of two or more persons connected by a telecommunication line/computer network.

question

Pattern Recognition

answer

The identification of objects and images by their characteristics (ex. shape, form, outline, colour, movement, etc.). Automatic matching against stored data using artificial intelligence. It classifies data (patterns) based on prior knowledge.

question

Spam

answer

Unsolicited email. Sent in bulk to lists of recipients. The email is often irrelevant contains inappropriate material that is often ads. Generally comes from an unknown source, is automatically generated and may contain a virus.

question

Real-time communication

answer

Communication in which information is received at around the time it is sent. \"Live communication\". Uses a direct path between the source and destination (doesn't get stored anywhere). Often used for communication between people in different locations.

question

Store and forward

answer

Messages stored until the recipient is available to receive the message. (Ex. Cellphone is turned off.) The exchange server stores messages and prioritizes their delivery.

question

SMS

answer

Short Message Service. Text messaging.

question

Social networking

answer

Online services that allow users to contact and make connections with other individuals establishing online communities. Gather together for a common purpose and share and collaborate using social media (ex. videos, images, text.)

question

Real-time

answer

Output occurs rapidly/immediately. Next input can respond to output and computer systems can update information at the same rate they receive it.

question

Expert system

answer

A database of expert knowledge. It includes an inference engine (an AI computer program that tries to derive answers from a knowledge base) and an interface.

question

IP address

answer

Consists of 4 octets each of 8 bits/1 byte. Each contains a number from 0-255. The octets are separated by dots.

question

3G

answer

A type of network that carries multimedia data and voice communications simultaneously, making it possible for mobile phones to serve as Internet multimedia devices.

question

Accelerometers

answer

A type of sensor that detects rapid changes in motion. Some are used to protect laptop hard drives from damage from falls.

question

Algorithm

answer

A set of step-by-step instructions that, when completed, solves a problem

question

Animation

answer

The process of simulating motion with a series of still pictures.

question

Artificial Intelligence

answer

Computer based systems able perceive, reason and act in ways previously reserved for human beings. Simulates human intelligence. Has the ability to learn, match patterns and adapt behavior.

question

Augmented Reality

answer

The use of computers to add virtual information to a person's sensory perceptions, supplementing rather than replacing the world the user sees. Uses a mobile device or dedicated viewing device, and often GPS technology.

question

Backward Compatible

answer

Able to run software written for older CPUs or able to read and write files compatible with older versions of the program.

question

Bandwidth

answer

The quantity of information, usually measured in bits per second, that can be transmitted through a communication medium in a given amount of time.

question

Blended Learning

answer

The combination of e-learning with traditional face-to-face learning

question

Bluetooth

answer

A type of wireless radio technology that enables mobile phones, handheld computers and PCs to communicate with each other regardless of operating system. Uses frequency hopping technique to avoid interference. Used for short distance/PANs (Personal Area Networks).

question

CPU

answer

Central Processing Unit. The part of the computer that processes information, performs arithmetic calculations and makes basic decisions based on information values.

question

Cloud Computing

answer

A type of grid computing in which resources (storage, applications, data, and more) are distributed remotely across the Internet or other network rather than confined to a single machine. Resources seem to be coming from the \"cloud\" (the Internet) rather than from a particular computer. Ex. Google Docs

question

Compression

answer

Making files smaller using special encoding schemes. Saves storage space on disks and transmission time.

question

DSS

answer

Decision Support System. A computer system that provides managers with the tools they need to analyze information they deem relevant for a particular decision or class of decisions. Contain historical business data, such as sales figures and profits. Can also answer \"what-if?\" questions. ex. GIS (Geographic Information System)

question

Desktop Virtualization

answer

Technology that enables software and data to be stored on servers in the IT center or Internet cloud so they can be accessed from PCs, thin clients or handheld devices anywhere in the enterprise.

question

DNS

answer

Domain Name System. A system that translates a computer's numerical IP address into an easier-to-remember string of names separated by dots.

question

FTP

answer

File Transfer Protocol. A communications protocol that enables users to download files from remote servers to their computers and to upload files they want to share from their computers to these archives commonly over the Internet. It is built on client-server interactions.

question

Geotracking

answer

Technology that uses your phone or a surgically implanted chip to monitor your minute-by-minute movements.

question

HTML

answer

Hypertext Markup Language. A file that contains codes that describe the format, layout, content and logical structure of a hypermedia document. Used to make webpages.

question

Information System

answer

A collection of people, machines, data and methods organized to accomplish specific functions and to solve specific problems. All IT systems consiste of 1. Hardware to input, process and output data 2. Software to control the hardware 3. People to use the system 4. Data on which the system performs work.

question

Intranet

answer

A self-contained intraorganizational network that is designed using the same technology as the Internet such as HTTP.

question

Mail merge

answer

A feature of a word processor or other program that enables it to merge names and addresses from a database mailing list into personalized form letters and mailings.

question

Net neutrality

answer

AKA network neutrality. The principle that Internet access should be free from restrictions related to the type of equipment being connected and the type of communication being performed with the equipment.

question

Object-oriented graphics

answer

The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes and other objects. Vector graphics. Scalable in size without reducing the image quality, as the images are stored as mathematical expressions. Each object can be independently edited.

question

Open-source software

answer

Software that can be distributed and modified freely by users; Linux is the best known example

question

PDF

answer

Portable Document Format. An open standard that allows documents containing text and images to be stored or viewed or modified on any Windows or Macintosh computer. Include embedded fonts so documents appear exactly the same on every computer.

question

Podcast

answer

Radio or television style episodic program that can be downloaded on demand or automatically by subscription. They are multimedia files such as audio files, videos and PDFs.

question

ROM

answer

Read-only memory. Memory that includes permanent information only. The computer can read information from it but can never add new information.

question

RSS

answer

Really Simple Syndication. An XML-based format for sharing data with aggregators, commonly used by bloggers. Push technology. If RSS feeds are subscribed to than updates are automatically delivered to the subscriber through the platform of an RSS news reader.

question

SVG

answer

Scalable Vector Graphics. An open standard of vector graphics format.

question

SQL

answer

Structured Query Language. A query language available for many different database management systems. More than a query language, SQL also accesses databases from a wide variety of vendors.

question

TCP/IP

answer

Transmission Control Protocol/Information Protocol. Protocols that are the language of the Internet, allowing cross-network communication for almost every type of computer and network. Data is broken into packets and routed individually across a network before being reunited at a destination. Each host on a network is assigned a uniquely identifying IP address.

question

VoIP

answer

Voice over Internet Protocol. A protocol that allows an Internet connection to be used to make voice telephone calls. Converts analog audio signals into digital data.

question

Web Crawler

answer

A software robot that systematically explores the Web, retrieves key information about pages and indexes the retrieved information in a database. Gives the page a ranking using a page ranking algorithm. Used by search engines. Keywords entered by a user are checked against the index to find pages containing the words.

question

WWW

answer

World Wide Web. Part of the Internet, a collection of multimedia documents created by organizations and users worldwide. Documents are linked in a hypertext Web that allows users to explore them with simple mouse clicks. Uses HTTP/HTTPS.

question

XML

answer

Extensible Markup Language. It is designed to transport and store data rather than display it. XML tags are custom-defined by the user unlike HTML. XML codes in a way that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

question

JPG

answer

Joint Photographic Experts Group. Specifically designed for the storage of photos and the most popular support format on the web. Compression is generally lossy.

question

Privacy

answer

Having control over what data is collected about you and how it is used

question

Video Codec

answer

Device or software that allows compression or decompression of digital video. The compression is usually lossy. Coder-decoders.

question

Digital Rights Management (DRM)

answer

Technology that stops/eases piracy. Copyright control access in order to protect intellectual property. It can be used to prevent printing of a book (PDF), make content unable to open after a certain date, prevent copying and pasting from documents, prevent copying and backups, restrict the number of copies possible, restrict a file to opening only on a specific device.

question

CGI

answer

Computer-Generated Imagery. Use of computer graphics to produce art/printed media/video/games/films/tv/commercials/sims. Special effects generally in 3D.

question

SSL

answer

Secure Sockets Layer. A commonly used protocol for managing the security of a message transmitted over the Internet. Succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS). Uses public-and-private key encryption in HTTPS.

question

Site license

answer

A type of software license and legal agreement that allows software to be used at a single location or organization by multiple users.

question

Operating System

answer

Manages the hardware resources in addition to optimizing software tasks and the use of RAM of a system. Performs file management and locates requested files and programs. It provides a platform on top of which other programs can run and the user interface (kernel). It controls user access, if multiple users have accounts on the same computer.

question

Multimedia

answer

A presentation/production that is a combination of more than one medium type. Examples include merging of text, images and animations.

question

RAID

answer

Redundant array of independent disks. Enables multiple hard disks to operate as a single logical unit. A type of failover system that (copies) mirrors the same data onto multiple disks so that if one disk fails, the system can continue operation.

question

Asynchronous communication

answer

Delayed communication such as for newsgroups and emails where the sender and recipient don't have to be logged on at the same time.

question

PNG

answer

Portable network graphics bitmap. Supports transparency and has a higher color depth than JPG or GIF. Lossless compression.

question

CSV

answer

Comma-separated values. File format that stores tabular data such as numbers and text in plain-text form. Records are separated by line-breaks such as commas.

question

Order of bytes

answer

1. Kilobyte (KB) 2. Megabyte (MB) 3. Gigabyte (GB) 4. Terabyte (TB) 5. Petabyte (PB) 6. Exabyte (EB) 7. Zettabyte (ZB) 8 Yottabyte (YB)

question

MAC address

answer

Media Access Control. A device's unique hardware number, stored in its ROM. Designed to be permanent. 12-digit hexadecimal numbers such as MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS or MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS.

question

RFID

answer

Radio Frequency Identification. A reader uses radio waves to communicated with RFID tags. Tags, when charged by a nearby RFID reader, broadcast information to the reader. Tags can be as small as a grain of rice, raising privacy concerns about tracking. Can be read at a distance of several meters. Improvement on bar codes (as they only identify type of product and not individual products).

question

Spyware

answer

Malware that collects info from users without their consent or knowledge. It sends collected information to an outsider. Ex. Monitoring keystrokes or recording websites visited.

question

Macro

answer

A procedure that can be created to perform repetitive task. A set of instructions/program that is stored and replayed when required. It is provided by/part of an application.

question

Text file

answer

A store of data consisting of characters. It supports either ASCII or Unicode. It does not contain formatting codes or images. Used for CSV data transfers.

question

BMP

answer

Bit-map image. A type of memory organization for storing pictures. The image is made up of pixels. Resolution depends on the density of pixels. It is an image file format that can be open with most image software.

question

SWF

answer

Small web format. An Adobe Flash file format for multimedia, vector graphics and ActionScript. Mostly used for animated vector graphics or games.

question

CD-ROM

answer

Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, Optical disk

question

Magnetic Stripe Card

answer

Card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism on a band of magnetic material on the card. Ex. Credit card or access card.

question

Grid Computing/Distributed Processing

answer

Sharing of processing power, memory storage and other hardware resources of multiple computers in a network to reach a common goal such as solving a scientific or technical problem. Computers can be all different types (ex. laptop, mainframe, desktop, supercomputer) and are often distributed across a wide geographical area. Scalable (computers can be added or removed to the grid easily).

question

WiFi

answer

Wireless fidelity. A wireless local area network (WLAN) that complies with 802.11 standards. It uses high frequency radio signals.

question

WiMax

answer

Worldwide interoperability for microwave access. Also known as 802.16. Greater range (up to 50 km) and can be faster than WiFi.

question

Template

answer

Standardized style guide for documents. A file format or layout.

question

Virus

answer

Software that spreads from program to program or disk to disk by attaching itself to a host file. It relies on the host to move and uses each infected program or disk to replicate itself.

question

Worm

answer

Uses computer hosts to reproduce itself. Travels independently over computer networks and seeks out uninfected workstations to occupy. Reproduces until the computer freezes.

question

RAM

answer

Random-access memory. A type of volatile memory that stores data temporarily that is being accessed by the CPU or the \"working memory\".

question

Modem

answer

Used to transform digital data into analogue frequencies in order to transfer other a telephone line or cable television line and demodulate back into digital data.

question

Smartphone

answer

A cellphone with extra capabilities such as software apps, GPS tracking and mapping, web access, QWERTY keyboards and email syncing.

question

Primary and secondary storage

answer

Primary : RAM/ROM (BIOS software that tells computer how to boot up, perform a self-check and locate secondary storage devices); Faster Secondary: Hard disk drive, USB drive, etc.; Slower

question

Motherboard

answer

The main circuit board in a computer. Provides ports and connections for all other parts of the system. Has slots for RAM, connectors for hard disks, slots for attaching expansion video cards or sound cards, and connectors for the mouse and keyboard.

question

Device driver

answer

A piece of software that tells the various hardware devices attached to a computer how to communicate with a peripheral device.

question

Utility software

answer

Basic software included with operating systems designed for maintenance and management of a computer. Examples of tasks performed include disk defragmentation (optimises hard disk performance by arranging files into contiguous sectors) , backup, encryption, system monitoring (check resources like processor and memory usage), disk cleanup, anti-virus and system updates.

question

Disk defragmentation

answer

Storage media like hard disks are divided into logical areas called sectors. Sometimes, files end up being stored across different sectors. This reduces disk performance because it is slower to read or write sectors from many different separate places. Disk defragmentation rearranges file locations so they are stored in contiguous sectors.

question

Shareware

answer

Software distributed and free to use for a limited period of time.

question

Public domain software

answer

The creator has relinquished all rights. Anyone can do anything with the software including selling it, changing it and distributing it.

question

EULA

answer

End User Licence Agreement. Terms and conditions of the software license that must be approved before installing the software. For example, the software license may forbid modification of the software.

question

Router

answer

Connect two or more separate LANs. It directs data to a destined address, forwarding data packets. It splits up an internet or network signal to go to different computers and allows multiple computers to use one IP address.

question

Top level domains

answer

.com, .org, .mil, .edu, .gov, .uk

question

Web 2.0

answer

Websites that allow users to contribute information as well as view it. ex. Blogs, microblogs, wikis, social networks, rss, podcasts/vidcasts

question

WMV

answer

Windows Media Video. Microsoft's proprietary video format, supported primarily on Windows platforms.

question

AVI

answer

Audio Video Interleave. An early video format which uses a variety of lossy compression codecs.

question

MIDI

answer

Musical Instrument Digital Interface. A communication standard for electronic musical instruments, computers and music creation software. MIDI music files contain only the instructions for how to play these instruments but not the sound itself. Thus, MIDI files can be relatively small.

question

Normalization

answer

The process of organizing tables in a relational database to minimize data redundancy.

question

Use of models

answer

Transportation models; Car crash models; Structural models (bridges/buildings); Climate models

question

Virus definition file

answer

Used by antiviruses to recognize known viruses. Need to be frequently updated to keep up with new viruses being produced.

question

DDoS

answer

Distributed denial of service attacks use botnets (possibly thousands of computers that are usually zombies) to flood the bandwidth or resources of a system and shut it down, denying its service to users. Hard to fight because requests are real and come from so many different sources making them difficult to block.

question

WEP

answer

Wired equivalent privacy. An older encryption algorithm used by wireless networks. Superseded by WPA and WPA2.

question

WPA

answer

WiFi Protected Access. A secure encryption protocol.

question

Pharming

answer

Used by phishers to redirect users to a fake website when they enter the URL of a genuine site. Criminals illegally access a DNS server and put the IP address of their fake site in place of the IP address of a real one. Thus, the DNS server maps incorrectly. Effective as the fake web site will show the genuine domain name in the browser address bar.

question

DBMS

answer

Database management system. Ex. Microsoft Access and MySQL. Create and manage databases.

question

Composite key

answer

Combines two or more non-unique fields to produce a unique identifier of records in a database.

question

Secondary key

answer

Allows searching of a database. Non-unique.

question

Input Mask

answer

Specify a sequence of types of characters to ensure correct format of a database entry.

question

Validation techniques

answer

Numerical range check, length check, type of character check, blank field check, drop down list.

question

Functions of desktop monitoring software

answer

1. Individual application use 2. Disk space use 3. Idle time 4. Instant message chat logs 5. Installation of software 6. Access/copying/changing of files. 7. Documents/windows opened 8. Prints 9. Key strokes 10. Insertion and removal of USB devices 11. Remote viewing/interaction of screen 12.Emails/websites visited/downloaded files

question

Telecommuters/teleworkers

answer

Employees that work away from the office (at home or while travelling). Often use groupware to increase productivity and maintain communication with other workers and employers.

question

Deskilling

answer

Replacement of a skilled employee with an IT system coupled with an unskilled or semi-skilled worker.

question

Relative cell referencing

answer

When a cell's formula is copied and pasted elsewhere, the cell references are updated by default depending on the distance copied. Changes relative to the formula's position.

question

Conditional formatting

answer

Changes appearance/format of a cell depending on its content.

question

Function vs Fomulae

answer

Function are features built into spreadsheet software such as SUM, AVERAGE and MIN functions. Formulae are created by typing cell references and mathematical operators to perform a calculation.

question

Pivot Table

answer

An advanced output feature which can summarize data in a spreadsheet. If can count items, sum fields and sort and filter data to show only the required information.

question

Digital certificate

answer

Commonly found in URL of web browser as colored strip. Verifies authenticity of a web site owner, RFID reader or anything else trying to establish communication. Distributed by a Certificate Authority (CA). Contains organizational information (name and address) and the public key of the certificate owner.

question

CSS

answer

Cascading Style Sheets. Assign and define the appearance of styles to an HTML file. Consistent.

question

JavaScript

answer

A programming language that enhances web pages to make them more interactive and dynamic. Includes features such as drop-down menus, hover effects and validation of data in input forms.

question

Data-driven website

answer

A dynamic website backed by a back-end database such as SQLServer or MySQL. Content is fetched using queries that run when a page is requested. Server-side scripting such as ASPX (active server pages extended) or PHP (PHP hypertext preprocessor) is used to extract the data and build an HTML page.

question

W3C

answer

World Wide Web Consortium, founded by World Wide Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee, is the organization responsible for developing standards for the web. These include: HTML, CSS, XML and SVG

question

Meta tag

answer

Tthis is special HTML tag that is used to store information about a Web page but is not displayed in a Web browser. An older SEO (Search Engine Optimization) technique

question

Factors in search engine ranking

answer

1. Keyword density 2. Keyword prominence (location of keywords) 3. Age of content on site 4. Links to and from a webpage 5. Meta tags 6. Sponsored links

question

CTR

answer

Click through rate. The percentage of people who click on an online ad when it is displayed.

question

Bounce rate

answer

People who leave a site immediately after entering.

question

Data recorded in SIS (School Information System)

answer

1. Stores student personal data, including photos and home contact details 2. Stores student medical data for emergencies 3. Stores academic data like grades, grade averages and past results 4. Stores attendance 5. Stores discipline records 6. Arrange and record meetings with parents 7. Allow parents to pay some costs online (ex. Extracurricular fees) 8. Records books and other equipment borrowed from school

question

EDI

answer

Electronic Data Interchange. A standard for exchanging business documents between computer systems/networks. Typically occurs between two companies that are business partners.

question

Examples of data logging

answer

1. Weather/climate prediction 2. Patient data 3. Aircraft details (speed, altitude, time) 4. Traffic pollution levels 5. Race cars (fuel remaining, tire temperatures)

question

ADC

answer

Analog to Digital Converter.

question

Mobile Phone Tracking

answer

Uses triangulation to determine distance from nearest mobile phone masts and figure out position.

question

Environmental Impacts

answer

1. Amount of resources used during manufacture 2. Speed that products become obsolete and need new ones 3. Dangerous chemicals in manufacturing process 4. Amount of power consumed 5. Pollution caused by discarded IT equipment

question

RSI

answer

Repetitive Strain Injury causes strong pain or weakness in muscles and tendons and can occur in the hands, arms, shoulders and back. Caused by incorrect posture or by repeatedly doing the same action (such as typing) for extended periods of time.

question

MMORPGs

answer

Massively multiplayer online role-playing games. Allows users to create an avatar (a virtual representation of themselves) and log in to access the virtual world, usually for a subscription fee. They can complete missions or quests, improve their avatar's abilities and buy in-game items.

question

Types of filtering

answer

1. Black lists (block URLs and IP addresses) 2. Keyword filters (scan all content such as email and chat periodically for banned keywords) 3. Content rating systems (categorize website's content and configure a web browser to allow or disallow different categories of content) 4. Search engine filtering (requires search engines to exclude results) 5. DNS poisoning (changes IP address of target site to another website in DNS records so people are redirected)

question

OMR

answer

Optical Mark Recognition. Used to scan multiple choice surveys/tests.Uses reflected light to determine whether a mark exists or not in a box on a page and tallies the results. Used in electronic voting to count ballot slips.

question

Smart bombs

answer

Precision guided weapons, use a variety of technique including lasers, infrared cameras and radar to guide a missile or a bomb to its target with greater accuracy. Modern weapons can even use GPS to improve accuracy further.

question

Cyber-warfare

answer

The use of attacks on the computer networks of an enemy in order to damage infrastructure or morale, or to spy on systems. Common targets include power grids, water treatment plants and emergency response systems. May use viruses, trojan horses or DoS attacks.

question

VPN

answer

Virtual Private Network. A system that allows a remote computer to securely connect to a LAN, as though it were physically connected. A VPN uses encryption to create an encrypted tunnel to establish secure communications.

question

Digital signature

answer

Used to authenticate the sender of a message. Generally uses encryption methods, for example a private key, to prove identity. For example, if Alice can encrypt or \"digitally sign\" a message with her private key and sends the message with her public key to Bob. If Bob can decrypt the message with Alice's public key, then he verifies it is from her as Alice's public key is the only key able to decode the message.

question

Skimming

answer

Capturing secret data on magnetic strip on a credit card or debit card and re-encoding it on a blank card, so that it can be used like the original.Often used with a spy camera to perform identity theft.

question

DVI port

answer

Digital Video Interface port. Used to connect a monitor to a video transmitter.

question

FireWire port (IEEE 1394)

answer

Main connection port for Apple. Very fast, allowing for speeds up to 800 Mbps. Generally intended for devices working with a lot more data such as camcorders, DVD players and digital audio equipment.

question

Types of Optical Storage

answer

CD-ROM - 650-700 MB(Compact Disk - Read Only Memory) DVD 700MB - 4.7GB (Digital Video Disk) and Blu-ray 25-50 GB. Read and store data using lasers. Small \"lands\" and \"pits\" in the disk surface reflect laser light differently, which can be interpreted as 1 or 0 by a computer.

question

CD Burner

answer

Has a laser strong enough to darken the dye that sits on a smooth reflective metal layer. This can be used to create a pattern of 1s and 0s. To erase the data the disk is heated up.

question

Proprietary software

answer

Computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the owner. Opposite of open source software, the source code is kept secret.

question

ZIP

answer

A zip file that supports lossless compression.

question

Tab delimited text file

answer

A type of plain text file used to export tabular data usually from spreadsheets. Contains tabs between columns in the text. Can be opened by most office and DTP programs.

question

Switch

answer

Has Ethernet ports, and often Wi-Fi capability to connect computers in a LAN. Switches, unlike hubs, send the data they receive only to the intended recipient, saving bandwidth.

question

Hub

answer

Has Ethernet ports, and often Wi-Fi capability to connect computers in a LAN. Very basic and cheap. When a hub receives data, it simply broadcasts it to every connected device, wasting bandwidth. Computers ignore data if it is not meant for them.

question

SAN

answer

Storage Area Network. A high-speed, special purpose LAN that stores data. Contains multiple networked storage devices attached to a LAN with optical fiber connections. It is designed to handle large data transfers and multiple servers share disk storage in one central location.

question

Audit trail

answer

A system or paper record that provides a chronological order of all actions taken. Can be used to investigate cybercrime, as a hacker may leave an audit trail in ISP logs. Can also be used to produce a paper copy of e-votes to verify software is counting votes correctly.

question

Concurrent license

answer

A software license intended to be shared across a group of users. Sets a limit to how many people can use the software at once at a location.

question

Association for Computing Machinery Code of Ethics

answer

1. Contribute to society 2. Don't harm others 3. Honor copyright and patents 4. Don't steal intellectual property 5. Respect privacy 6. Be honest and trustworthy

question

UPS

answer

Uninterruptible Power Supply. A battery in the UPS provides power in case of electricity outage. Provides time to save work and shut down computer. Often also includes hardware to protect against voltage spikes.

question

Extranet

answer

Part of an intranet that is shared with a limited number of people outside the organization.

question

Pull technology

answer

Opposite of push technology. A user initiates a specific request to \"pull\" data to their computer. For example, loading webpages.

question

Adware

answer

Generally refers to any software that automatically displays advertisements. Can be legitimate software that generates revenue to support the developer. Ads may appear in user interface of software or during installation process.

question

Embedded system

answer

A computer that is embedded into a consumer product such as a wristwatch, washing machine or traffic light. Used to enhance the product for example by controlling wash cycles and water efficiency.

question

Site map

answer

List of pages accessible to users or search engine crawlers, usually organized in hierarchical form.

question

Creative commons license

answer

Reserves some rights for intellectual property while relinquishing others. Basic grants include allowing users to distribute, copy and use work non-commercially.

question

Bit depth

answer

Number of bits used to indicate the color of a pixel (color depth) or number of bits recorded for each audio sample.

question

GIF

answer

Graphics Interchange Format. A bitmap image format that supports animation. Limited in color depth and uses lossless compression.

question

TIF/TIFF

answer

Tagged Image File Format. An old image format still used quite extensively in professional printing and publishing. Supports both lossy and lossless compression and multiple pages per file.

question

MP4

answer

MPEG-4 Part 14. A video or audio file format which offers efficient lossy compression.

question

WAV

answer

Waveform audio file format. A very common standard supported by virtually all audio hardware and software.

question

Product Development Life Cycle

answer

1. Investigation of existing system(s) 2. Feasibility study 3. Requirements specification 4. Project schedule 5. Product design 6. Product development and technical documentation 7. Client and end-user evaluation

question

PDA

answer

Personal digital assistant. A mobile device that functions as a personal information manager. A type of PDA is a smartphone.

question

USB

answer

Universal Serial Bus. A very common type of port that allows for plug-and-play peripherals to connect to and communicate with a computer.

question

Differences between Java and Javascript

answer

Java is a more complex programming language whereas Javascript is a simpler scripting language. Java is used to create stand-alone programs or \"applets\" whereas Javascript must be used with HTML documents. Java code needs to be compiled while JavaScript code is all in text.

question

MPEG

answer

Moving Picture Experts Group.

question

Plugin

answer

A group of software components designed to add functionality to a larger piece of software. ex. Flash player plugin

ITGS Paper 1 – Terms (2012 Syllabus)

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards