Italian Unification (Important People, Places, and Terms) – Flashcards
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Nationalism
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Having pride in one's country
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Etruscans
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Modern name given to a civilization of ancient Italy
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Dante
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Father of modern Italian language
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Il Risorgimento
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A liberal nationalist newspaper
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Giuseppe Mazzini
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Soul of Italian unification; annoyance and agitator to the dukes and princes on the peninsula; often in exile and on the run since he wants to be democratic, where everyone votes; believes in republicanism, meaning no monarchies; part of the revolutionary society the Carbonari, a movement called the Young Italy, which was a literary movement when writers got involved.
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Republicanism
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A type of government that has no monarchy, but has representatives and senators instead
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Soul of Italian Unfication
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Giuseppe Mazzini
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Young Italy
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Revolutionary group that Mazzini was part of; movement in which writers were involved; literary movement
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Revolutions of 1848
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Austrian armies defeat Piedmont-Sardinia (led by Charles Albert) and restore old rulers
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Piedmont-Sardinia
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Section of the Italian peninsula that would assume the role leadership in Italian unification; Charles Albert grants Piedmont-Sardinia a constitution and Victor Emmanuel would succeed as king
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Count Cavour
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Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia and brain of Italian unification; believed in capitalism, and wanted to improve industry, railroads, agriculture, education, and enlarge the army; doesn't want Italian unification unless Piedmont-Sardinia is in control; doesn't want democracy; loves everything English
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Brain of Italian Unification
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Count Cavour
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19th Century Liberal
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Not democracy, but middle class votes Limited monarchy Build industry Free trade
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Crimean War
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Russia moved and took over Crimea; Turkey and Russia never get along; Ottoman Turks begin to crumble; Russian czar was Nicholas Romanov I; Piedmont-Sardinia joins the war; Battle of Sevastopol; Battle of Balaclava; Treaty of Paris
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Battle of Sevastopol
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One of the most famous battles; a siege battle
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Battle of Balaclava
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Charge of the Light Brigade; Horsemen defeat the Russian army
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Treaty of Paris
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Ended the Crimean War
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Alfred Lloyd Tennyson
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Author of Charge of the Light Brigade
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Florence Nightingale
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British nurse who helps aid the British soldiers during the Crimean War
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Napoleon III
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King of France during Austro-Sardinian War; Cavour allies with Napoleon in order to defeat Austria; France and Piedmont-Sardinia defeat Austria
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Austro-Sardinian War
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Piedmont-Sardinia and France vs. Austria; Austria defeated
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Lombardy
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Territory held by Austria; gained and annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia as a result of the Austro-Sardinian War
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The Duchies
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Territory in which uprisings occurred, and as a result, the Duchies joined Piedmont-Sardinia
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Two Sicilies
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Revolts in Southern Italy versus the despotic (powerful) rulers; Giuseppe Garibaldi led the red shirts and captured Sicily; Victor Emmanuel led an army from the south to capture Papal Sates and proceed north towards Naples.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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The sword of Italian unification; led red shirts to help unify Italy; was a republican, chose nationalism instead; professional revolutionary fisherman, trader, guerrilla fighter, poet, rancher, teacher, idealistic person; his red shirts were his private army funded by the Piedmontese
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Sword of Italian Unification
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Red Shirts
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An army led by Garibaldi that wore the red shirts due to the fact that they were the cheapest outfit for them to wear
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Naples
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Location in which Garibaldi and Emmanuel would rondevu with their armies
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Papal States
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Victor Emmanuel and the PS army would annex the Papal States on their way to unifying Italy
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Victor Emmanuel
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At one point was the king of Piedmont-Sardinia' would lead an army, unify Italy, and become the eventual king over Garibaldi
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Pope Pius IX
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Pope at the time when Italy was unified; pope would be given Vatican City
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Annexation of Venetia 1866
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Italy joins Prussia in Seven Weeks' War vs. Austria; Austria suffers major loss
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Annexation of Rome 1870
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Franco-Prussian War causes French to leave Rome unprotected; Italian troops simply move in and occupy Rome; pope given Vatican City
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Irredenta
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Territory that a nation believes belongs to them, but is currently controlled by another country
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Trentino and Trieste
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Territories along the Austrian border and Adriatic Sea which Italians claim to be part of "historic" Italy; Italy joins allies in WWI; Austria loses; Italy gets the Irredenta
