IST 341Midterm Exam Practice – Flashcards
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Which of the following are essential managers of every operating system? (Choose all that apply.) a. Memory manager b. System manager c. Directory manager d. Process manager
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Memory Manager Process Manager (Answer: a and d)
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The ____________________ was developed in the late 1970s to offer inexpensive computational capability to individual users.
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virtual memory
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____________________ are computers placed inside other products to add features and capabilities.
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Embedded systems
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With ____________________, different operating systems can run on a single computer.
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virtualization
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Which of the following is a portion of the program that can run independently of other programs? a. Kernel b. Thread c. Firmware d. Part
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Thread (Answer: b)
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The ____________________ is the part of the operating system that resides in memory at all times, performs the most essential operating system tasks, and is protected by hardware from user tampering.
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kernel
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Which of the following memory management schemes does not allow multiprogramming? a. Single-user contiguous scheme b. Fixed partition c. Dynamic partition d. Relocatable dynamic partitions
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Single-user contiguous scheme (Answer: a)
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Which of the following are the disadvantages of a fixed partition scheme (choose all that apply)? a. Requires that the entire program be loaded into memory b. Requires that the entire program be stored contiguously c. Requires that the entire program remain in memory until the job is completed d. Does not allow multiprogramming
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Requires that the entire program be loaded into memory Requires that the entire program be stored contiguously Requires that the entire program remain in memory until the job is completed (Answer: a, b, and c)
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The phenomenon of partial usage of fixed partitions and the coinciding creation of unused spaces within the partition is called ____________________.
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internal fragmentation
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Which of the following memory management schemes optimizes fragmentation? a. Single-user contiguous scheme b. Fixed partition c. Dynamic partition d. Relocatable dynamic partitions
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Relocatable dynamic partitions (Answer: d)
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The ____________________ is used to store the highest location in memory accessible by each program.
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bounds register
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____________________ is the process of collecting fragments of available memory space into contiguous blocks by moving programs and data in a computer's memory or disk.
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Compaction
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Which of the following is the correct way of calculating the address of the page frame? a. Multiply the page frame number by the page frame size b. Divide the page frame size by the page frame number c. Add the page frame number and the page frame size d. Multiply the page frame number by the displacement
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Multiply the page frame number by the page frame size (Answer: a)
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Which of the following are the disadvantages of demand paged memory allocation? (choose all that apply) a. Increased overhead caused by tables and page interrupts b. Thrashing c. Job size limited by memory size d. Does not allow multiprogramming
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Increased overhead caused by tables and page interrupts Thrashing (Answer: a and b)
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____________________ is a phenomenon in a virtual memory system where an excessive amount of page swapping back and forth between main memory and secondary storage results in higher overhead and little useful work.
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Thrashing
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Which of the following memory management schemes solved internal fragmentation? a. Paged memory allocation b. Fixed partition c. Segmented memory allocation d. None of the above
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Segmented memory allocation Answer: c
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Which of the following concepts is best at preventing page faults? a. Paging b. The working set c. Hit ratios d. Address location resolution
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The working set Answer: b
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____________________ is a small high-speed memory unit that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory.
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Cache memory
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Which of the following are the functions of a Process Scheduler? (Choose all that apply.) a. Initiates the job based on certain criteria b. Decides when processing should be interrupted c. Puts jobs in a sequence such that they use all system resources as fully as possible d. Determines which queues the job should be moved to during its execution
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Decides when processing should be interrupted Determines which queues the job should be moved to during its execution (Answer: b and d)
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The total effect of all CPU cycles, from both I/O-bound and CPU-bound jobs, approximates which of the following distribution curves? a. Gaussian distribution b. Poisson distribution c. Lorentzian Distribution d. Random Distribution
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Poisson distribution (Answer: b)
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The ____________________ contains all of the data about the job needed by the operating system to manage the processing of the job.
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Process Control Block
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Which of the following are preemptive scheduling algorithms? (Choose all that apply.) a. FCFS b. SRT c. SJN d. Round robin
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SRT Round robin (Answer: b and d)
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Which of the following algorithms employ the concept of a time quantum that is given to each job to ensure that the CPU is equally shared among all active processes? a. SRT b. SJN c. Round robin d. Priority scheduling
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Round Robin (Answer: c)
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The control program that handles the interruption sequence of events is called the ____________________.
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interrupt handler
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Which of the following conditions results from the liberal allocation of resources? a. Starvation b. Deadlock c. Increased efficiency d. Request for more memory
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Deadlock Answer: b
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Which of the following conditions are necessary for deadlock to occur? (Choose all that apply.) a. Mutual exclusion b. Preemption c. Circular wait d. Process holding
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Mutual exclusion Circular wait Answer: a and c
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____________________ is the act of allowing only one process to have access to a dedicated resource.
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Mutual exclusion
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In directed graphs, a solid arrow from a resource to process represents which of the following? a. Process is holding the resource b. Process is waiting for the resource c. Deadlock d. Starvation
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Process is holding the resource Answer: a
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Which of the following strategies for handling deadlocks is illustrated using the Banker's algorithm? a. Prevention b. Avoidance c. Detection d. Recovery
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Avoidance Answer: b
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Which of the following methods are used for recovery? (Choose all that apply.) a. Terminate every job that is active in the system and restart them from the beginning b. Allow new jobs to enter the system c. Terminate only the jobs involved in the deadlock and ask their users to resubmit them d. Select a nondeadlocked job, preempt the resources it is holding, and allocate them to a deadlocked process Answer: a, c, and d
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Terminate every job that is active in the system and restart them from the beginning Terminate only the jobs involved in the deadlock and ask their users to resubmit them Select a nondeadlocked job, preempt the resources it is holding, and allocate them to a deadlocked process Answer: a, c, and d
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Which of the following multiprocessing configurations is least reliable? a. Master/slave b. Loosely coupled c. Tightly coupled d. Symmetric
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Master/slave Answer: a
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Which of the following conditions of semaphore variable "s" implies a busy critical region? a. s>0 b. s1
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c. s=0 Answer: c
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The common element in all synchronization schemes is to allow a process to finish work on a(n) ____________________ of the program before other processes have access to it.
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critical region
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Which of the following conditions is enforced by using P and V operations on semaphores? a. No preemption b. Resource holding c. Mutual exclusion d. Starvation
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Mutual exclusion Answer: c
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Which of the following truly describes threads? (Choose all that apply.) a. Increases overhead b. Each active thread in a process does not possess its own processor registers, program counter, stack and status c. A smaller unit within a process, which can be scheduled and executed d. Each active thread shares data area and the resources allocated to its process
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A smaller unit within a process, which can be scheduled and executed Each active thread shares data area and the resources allocated to its process Answer: c and d
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____________________ is a type of concurrent programming where the compiler automatically detects which instructions can be performed in parallel.
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Implicit parallelism
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Which of the following are direct access storage devices? (Choose all that apply.) a. Punch cards b. Fixed-head magnetic disk storage c. Magnetic tape d. Magneto-optical (MO) disc
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Fixed-head magnetic disk storage Magneto-optical (MO) disc Answer: b and d
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Which of the following storage devices uses phase change technology to write data? a. Magneto-optical (MO) disc b. CD-R discs c. CD-RW discs d. Magnetic disks
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CD-RW discs Answer: c
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____________________, also known as rotational delay, is the time it takes to rotate the DASD until the requested record is moved under the read/write head.
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Search time
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Which of the following components performs the actual transfer of data and processes the device interrupts? a. I/O traffic controller b. I/O device handler c. I/O scheduler d. I/O traffic handler
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I/O device handler Answer: b
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Which of the following strategies uses a directional bit to indicate whether the arm is moving toward the center of the disk or away from it? a. FCFS b. SSTF c. SCAN d. RAID
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SCAN Answer: c
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The ____________________ is an algorithm that adds redundant bits to the data and is therefore able to correct single-bit errors and detect double-bit errors.
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Hamming code
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Which of the following is an embedded command? a. Create b. Delete c. Copy d. Open
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Open Answer: d
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Which of the following information is contained in the volume descriptor? (Choose all that apply.) a. Creation date b. User's name c. File system code d. Volume length
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Creation date File system code Answer: a and c
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Which of the following organization schemes uses a hashing algorithm? a. Direct record organization b. Sequential record organization c. Indexed sequential record organization d. Indexed direct record organization
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Direct record organization Answer: a
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Which of the following storage allocation schemes results in the problem of fragmentation? a. Contiguous storage b. Noncontiguous storage c. Indexed storage d. Direct storage
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Contiguous storage Answer: a
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Which of the following methods can control access to files as well as to devices? a. Capability list b. Access control list c. Access control matrix d. All of the above
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Capability list Answer: a
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Which of the following data compression techniques compresses text, using symbols to represent most commonly used words? a. Records with repeated characters b. Repeated terms c. Front-end compression d. All of the above
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Repeated terms Answer: b
