question

These are different from operations in that they end when their objectives have been reached or the project has been terminated.

answer

Projects

question

A ____________________ usually provides the direction and funding for a project.

answer

project sponsor

question

Managing the __________________ involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project. Experienced project managers know that one must decide which aspect of the triple constraint is most important.

answer

triple constraint

question

______________ are the people involved in or affected by project activities, and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of a project.

answer

Stakeholders

question

When are stakeholders' needs and expectations important ?

answer

In the beginning and throughout the life of a project.

question

Project management knowledge areas describe:

answer

the key competencies that project managers must develop.

question

Project stakeholder management includes:

answer

identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement throughout the life of the product.

question

_________ ____________ work with the project sponsors, the project team, and other stakeholders to meet project goals. They also work with sponsors to define success for particular projects.

answer

Project managers

question

IT project managers must be willing to develop more than their _________ __________ to be productive team members and successful project managers. Everyone, no matter how technical they are, should develop business and soft skills.

answer

technical skills

question

Which of the following is true of projects?

answer

They have a unique purpose.Every project should have a well-defined objective.

question

Project _____ management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.

answer

scope

question

Which of the following project management knowledge areas primarily involve generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information?

answer

Project communications management

question

Which of the following project management knowledge areas is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas?

answer

Project integration management

question

In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used?

answer

Cost

question

Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management.

answer

human resource

question

Which of the following is true of program managers?

answer

They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program.

question

Which of the following best defines the role of leaders?

answer

They inspire people to reach goals.

question

A critical path:

answer

determines the earliest completion date of a project.

question

Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional?

answer

PMI

question

Enterprise project management softwares are also known as _____ tools of project management software.

answer

high-end

question

Which of the following is true of low-end tools of the project management software?

answer

They provide basic project management features.

question

___________________ and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project. and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.

answer

Project managers

question

According to the _________ frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means.

answer

symbolic

question

An organization that uses this earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.

answer

project organizational structure

question

Most people believe that the underlying causes of many companies' problems can be traced to its organizational structure.

answer

FALSE

question

___________________________is very powerful, and many people believe the underlying causes of many companies ' problems are not in the organizational structure or staff; they are in the culture.

answer

Organizational culture

question

________________ project stakeholders include the project 's customers (if they are external to the organization), competitors, suppliers, and other external groups potentially involved in the project or affected by it, such as government officials or concerned citizens.

answer

External

question

Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by _______ management.

answer

top

question

A ________ team is a group of people who work together despite time and space boundaries using communication technologies.

answer

virtual

question

_____ refers to a problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs

answer

Systems analysis

question

The _____ perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups.

answer

political frame

question

In a _____ organizational structure, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

answer

matrix

question

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure.

answer

functional

question

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

answer

Organizational culture

question

_____ refers to the degree to employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession.

answer

Member identity

question

_____ refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment.

answer

Open-system focus

question

Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.

answer

True

question

_____ are an example of external stakeholders for an organization.

answer

Competitors

question

What is true of the project life cycle ?

answer

In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest and the level of uncertainty is highest.

question

In the _____ phase, the project team creates a definitive or very accurate cost estimate, delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders.

answer

implementation

question

The _____ model uses an approach in which developers work with an evolving prototype, using tools such as computer-aided software engineering, joint requirements planning, and joint application design to facilitate rapid prototyping and code generation.

answer

RAD life cycle

question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of virtual teams as compared to traditional teams?

answer

Reduced opportunities for informal transfer of information. Virtual teams reduce the ability of team members to network and transfer information informally.

question

The ___________________ _______ group takes the actions necessary to complete the work described in the planning activities. It should overlap the other process groups, and generally requires the most resources.

answer

executing process

question

Key outcomes of the _______ process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents, such as a final project report and lessons-learned report.

answer

closing

question

You can tailor _____ to include the PMBOK process groups because several customers asked for that capability.

answer

RUP

question

The output of the stakeholder management strategy results is a __________________________.

answer

stakeholder register

question

___________ the project involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed. It also includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.

answer

Executing

question

A _________________ is a meeting in which the team demonstrates to the product owner what it has completed during the sprint.

answer

sprint review

question

In this method , team members work as a self-directed group coached by the ScrumMaster.

answer

Scrum

question

Kick-off meetings and stakeholder registers are normally recorded in the form of ___________________________.

answer

Word documents

question

A common _____ process is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track.

answer

monitoring and controlling

question

The project scope management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control.

answer

monitoring and controlling

question

Developing a _____ is a planning process that occurs in the Project Integration Management knowledge area.

answer

project management plan

question

The project cost management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination.

answer

planning

question

_____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members.

answer

Rational Unified Process

question

One of the main outputs of the initiation process is _____.

answer

developing the project charter

question

Which of the following is a planning process associated with project scope management?

answer

Collecting requirements

question

_____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management.

answer

Deliverables

question

The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end.

answer

closing

question

Which of the following is true about the agile method?

answer

It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product.

question

Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum?

answer

Creating sprint backlog

question

A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method.

answer

team contract

question

_________________ management involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of a project.

answer

Interface

question

Project integration management must occur within the context of the _______ organization, not just within a particular project. The project manager must integrate the work of the project with the ongoing operations of the organization.

answer

entire

question

Aligning IT projects with business strategy is consistently a top concern for CIOs. Most organizations face thousands of problems and opportunities for improvement. Therefore, an organization's _______________________ should guide the IT project selection process.

answer

strategic plan

question

Projects that address ______ organizational needs are much more likely to be successful because they will be important to the organization.

answer

broad

question

_______________________ are chances to improve the organization.

answer

Opportunities

question

__________________are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.

answer

Directives

question

An organization should always complete _____-priority projects first, even if a low- or medium-priority project could be finished in less time.

answer

high

question

This is a method for making equal comparisons between cash flows for multi-year projects.

answer

NPV analysis

question

Is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. It authorizes the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.

answer

project charter

question

The first step in the planning process is _____.

answer

to tie the IT strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan.

question

In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints.

answer

project planning

question

Benefits minus costs is known as the _____.

answer

cash flow

question

Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI?

answer

The ROI is always a percentage. It can be positive or negative.

question

Payback occurs when:

answer

the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs.

question

In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent.

answer

100

question

The business case includes information on _____.

answer

the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals

question

A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control.

answer

project management plan

question

The _____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes.

answer

project controls

question

The _____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.

answer

technical processes

question

_____ should result in improvements in project performance.

answer

Corrective actions

question

An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of _____.

answer

a corrective action

question

___________________can be product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software, or process-related, such as a planning document or meeting minutes.

answer

Deliverables

question

The ____________________ plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project.

answer

scope management

question

Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining this:

answer

project scope

question

The project scope ______________ should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.

answer

statement

question

A work package is a task at the ______ level of the WBS. It represents the level of work that the project manager monitors and controls.

answer

lowest

question

A concern when creating a _______ is how to organize it to provide the basis for the project schedule. You should focus on what work needs to be done and how it will be done, not when it will be done. In other words, the tasks do not have to be developed as a sequential list of steps.

answer

WBS

question

__________________ is a document that provides detailed information about each WBS item. The format of the WBS dictionary can vary based on project needs.

answer

WBS dictionary

question

_____________________ if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects.

answer

Scope creep

question

Scope refers to:

answer

the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.

question

_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved.

answer

Defining scope

question

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management.

answer

planning

question

Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____.

answer

benchmarking

question

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.

answer

work breakdown structure

question

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.

answer

work package

question

In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.

answer

analogy

question

The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items.

answer

top-down

question

The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks.

answer

mind mapping

question

Scope creep refers to:

answer

the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

question

_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance.

answer

Variance

question

_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.

answer

Use case modeling

question

In project time management, the ______ output of defining activities are an activity list, activity attributes, a milestone list, and project management plan updates.

answer

main

question

To _________ activities, the project team should start with reviewing the schedule management plan, scope baseline, enterprise environmental factors, and organizational processes.

answer

define

question

A _______________ pertains to the sequencing of project activities or tasks.

answer

dependency

question

A merge occurs when ___________________ nodes precede a single node. On the other hand, bursts occur when two or more activities follow a single node.

answer

two or more

question

The precedence diagramming method offers a number of advantages over the AOA technique. One advantage is that using this method avoids the need to use_________________________.

answer

dummy activities.

question

The main advantage of using __________ charts is that they provide a standard format for displaying planned and actual project schedule information.

answer

Gantt

question

Knowing the amount of ______ allows project managers to know whether a project schedule is flexible.

answer

float

question

The technique of __________________ can result in lengthening the project schedule.

answer

fast tracking

question

Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables?

answer

Defining activities

question

In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities?

answer

Sequencing activities

question

In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule?

answer

Developing the schedule

question

In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule

answer

project management plan update

question

Which of the following is a difference between an activity list and an activity attribute?

answer

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list.

question

In project time management, the main goal of _____ is to ensure that the project team has complete understanding of all the work they must do as part of the project scope so they can start scheduling the work.

answer

defining activities

question

A network diagramming technique in which boxes represent activities is known as a(n) _____.

answer

PDM

question

Which of the following is true of dummy activities?

answer

They show logical relationships between activities.

question

After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, the next process in project time management is to:

answer

estimate the duration of activities.

question

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float.

answer

longest; shortest

question

The technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost is known as _____.

answer

crashing

question

A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that:

answer

both can shorten the time needed to finish a project

question

Money that has been spent in the past. When deciding what projects to invest in or continue, one should not include these:

answer

Sunk cost

question

If an important supplier goes out of business, __________________ _______________ can be set aside to cover the resulting costs.

answer

management reserves

question

When are budgetary estimates made ?

answer

one to two years prior to project completion.

question

Analogous estimates are also called :

answer

top-down estimates

question

One of the reasons why project cost estimates are very inaccurate is because :

answer

human beings are biased toward underestimation.

question

Determining the budget involves:

answer

allocating the project cost estimate to individual work items over time.

question

The formulas for variances and indexes start with :

answer

EV, the earned value.

question

A negative schedule variance means that it took ____________ than planned to perform the work, and a positive schedule variance means that the work took less time than planned to perform.

answer

longer

question

Which of the following involves developing an approximation of the costs of resources needed to complete a project?

answer

Estimating costs

question

Work performance information and cost forecasts are main outputs of the _____ process.

answer

Cost Control

question

_____ helps develop an accurate projection of a project's financial expenses and benefits.

answer

Life cycle costing

question

Newtech Inc. hires John for the position of a software programmer to work on their new project. Salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. would be an example of _____ costs.

answer

direct

question

Soles is a footwear company which has recently set up its store in Ambrosia. To manufacture its products, Soles incurs a range of different costs. Which of the following would be an example of an indirect cost?

answer

Electricity used to run its factories

question

Which of the following is true of contingency reserves?

answer

They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for.

question

Analogous estimates are also known as _____ estimates.

answer

top-down

question

_____ uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs.

answer

Parametric estimating

question

If the cost estimate for a project is a basis for contract awards and performance reporting, it should be a(n) _____ estimate and as accurate as possible.

answer

definitive

question

Which of the following is an output of the process of controlling costs?

answer

Cost forecasts

question

Variances are calculated by subtracting the actual cost from _____.

answer

earned value

question

Schedule variance is:

answer

the earned value minus the planned value.

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