ISS 210 Chapters 1-8 – Flashcards
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Scientific Knowledge is knowledge that has been
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systematically gathered, classified, related, interpreted
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There are many different social science disciplines with varying approaches but in understanding modern problems social scientists must
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understand how the social sciences interrelate
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In the social sciences very little use can be used because the investigator
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cannot control the situation
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The social science method that involves making a detailed examination and analysis of a particular situation is called the
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case method
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Human species originated in
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Africa
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Process of random genetic change that creates new characteristics is called
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mutation
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Genetic engineering including cloning technology presents society with
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extraordinary difficult moral and political questions
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Gathering of people into spatially and ethnically defined unit organized and run by a small group who will maintain order and defend the group
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basic political institution
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Leaders of early kingdoms in Egypt and Mesopotamia became
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King Gods
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Striking features in Roman History include engineering, political administration, and
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law
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The Hundred Years War from 1337-1453 was fought between
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England and France
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The percent of the population who died from the Black Death in Europe was
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40%
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In 1453, Constantinople fell to the
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Turks
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The Age of Revolutions (1750-1850) is referred to that because
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Enormous economic and political changes
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Benjamin Lee Whorf argued that each particular language embodies and propogates
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a world view
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Today the rate of technological change is increasing
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and so is the interaction among cultures
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Geography and climate are
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important to consider in social change
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Geography considers all of the following
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why cities are located where they are, why some areas develop while others don't how technology can affect development
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What do demographers believe to be true of worldwide birthrates?
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Birthrates will continue to decline as they have been since 1909
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In 1798 "An Essay on the Principle of Population as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society" was written by
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Thomas Malthus
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Gugliemo Marconi invented the radio in
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1896
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In 1896 Thomas Edison invented the
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incandescent light bulb
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The Industrial Revolution began in England about the year
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1760
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The production of uniform, sustainable parts is called
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standardization
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Interchangeability and mass production on an assembly line
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decreased the price of cars in the 1920s
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Today modern machine technology has created a number of jobs that require
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specialized skills or knowledge
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The QWERTY keyboard
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served an important purpose in the past and is unnecessary today
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Michael Piori has argued that new technologies will result in
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Class distinctions no longer being embodied in technology
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The earliest human-made wooden shelters have been dated back
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400,000 years ago
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The study of children who have been largely isolated demonstrates the importance of
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socialization
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Recent discussions of the nature/nurture debate have tended to emphasis the
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complex interaction between the two
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Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that each level
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must be satisfied before the next is attempted
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Good adjustment and normality
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do not have precisely the same meaning when applied to personality
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David Lykken and Auke Tellegen's study of pairs of identical twins found that regardless of their surroundings, their level of
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happiness was the same
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Martin Seligman argues that couples who stay together happily are ones who
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see each other through rose-colored glasses
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The ability of a person to understand the situation and make adjustments depending on learning and thinking is called
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intelligence
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Differential association theory assumes that deviation or conformity is most influenced by
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group membership and interaction
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A society is composed of individuals and as a whole society is
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more than the sum of those individuals
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A group of persons closely related by blood, marriage, or some other bond is called a
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family
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Marriage within the kinship or other social group is known as
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Endogamy
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An egalitarian family is
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one with shared control
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The advantage of family selection of mates is that it is more
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likely to fulfill economic and social stability goals
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The average number of children per family in the US has been
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dropping most recently
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A maxim of marriage counselors is that people don't change, or if they do, it will
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be not what the other partner wants
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No-fault divorces were introduced to many U.S. states in the
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1970's
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A women's ability to plan her pregnancies has
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revolutionized family life
