ISM Ch10 & Ch11 – Flashcards

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Agile Development
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an adaptive project management process based on the changes in requirements, frequently deliver working version of projects, work closely with customers, design as you go, test as you go, can be used for business process,information system, and application development
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Application
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same thing as application software
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As-is Model
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a model that represents the current situation and process
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Baseline WBS
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The final work-breakdown structure that shows the planned tasks, dependencies, durations, and resource assignments
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Brook's Law
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Adding more people to a late project only makes the project later - larger staff requires increased coordination and more training
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Business Analyst (1)
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a person who understands business strategies, goals and objectives and who helps businesses develop and manage business processes and information systems
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Business Analyst (2)
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someone who is well versed in Porters models, organizational strategy, and systems alignment theory, like COBIT, and who also understands the proper role for techology
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business process
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a network of activities, repositories, roles, resources, and flows that interact to achieve some business function ; sometimes called a business system
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business system
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a network of activities that generate value by transforming inputs into outputs
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business process management
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a cyclical process for systematically creating, assessing, and altering business process
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business processes modeling notation (BPMN)
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standard set of terms and graphical notations for documenting business processes
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what does COBIT stand for?
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Control Objectives for Information and related Technology
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COBIT
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a set of standard practices, created by the information systems audit and control association, that are used in the assessment stage of the BPM cycle to determine how well an information system complies with an organization strategy
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Configuration control
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a set of management policies, practices and tools that developers use to maintain control over the projects resources
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Cost feasability
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an assessment of the cost of an information system development project that compares estimated cost to the available budget. Also known as development plus operational costs vs. value delivered
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control flow
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a BPMN symbol that documents the flow of activity in a business process
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critical path
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the sequence of activities that determines the earliest date by which the project can be completed
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critical path analysis
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the process by which project managers compress a schedule by moving resources, typically people, from noncritical path tasks to critical path tasks
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Data flow
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a BPMN symbol that documents the movement of data among activities and responsibilities in a business process
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Delieverables
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tasks that are measured or observable steps in the development project
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Diseconomies of Sales
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a principle that states as development teams become become larger, the average contribution per worker decreases
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Gantt Chart
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a chart that shows tasks, dates, dependencies, and possible resources
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Implementation
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in the context of system development life cycle, the phase following the design phase consisting of tasks to build, test, and convert users to the new system
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Just-In-Time design
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portions of the design that are needed to complete the current work are done
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Maintenance
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fixing the system to make it do what it was suppose to do in the first time - adapting to change in the system
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Object Management Group (OMG)
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a software industry standards organization that created a standard set of terms and graphical notations for documenting business process
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Organizational feasibility
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whether the program fits organizations company, culture, and legit requirements
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paired programming
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the situation in which two computer programmers share the same computers and develop a computer program together
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parallel installation
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a type of system conversation in which the system runs in parallel with the old one and the result of the two are reconciled for consistency
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Parallel installation is expensive because it incurrs the cost of __________, but is the _________ form of installation.
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running both systems, safest
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phased installation
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a type of system conversion in which the new system is installed in pieces across an organization(s). Then the organization tests tests each piece until the entire system has been installed
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pilot installation
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a type of system conversion in which the organization implements the entire system on a limited portion of the business
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Advantage of of Pilot Installation
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if the system fails, the failure is contained within a limited boundary - reduces exposure of business and protects new system from developing a negative reputation
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plunge (or direct) installation
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a type of system conversion in which the organization shuts off the old system and starts the new system.
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Disadvantage Installation
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if the system fails, the organization is in trouble- nothing can be done until the new system is fixed or the old one is re installed
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Requirement analysis
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The second Phase in SDLC, in which developers conduct user interviews; evaluate existing systems; determine new forms/reports/queries; identifying new features and functions, including security, and create a new data model
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resources
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people or information system application that are assign to roles in business processes
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roles
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collection of activities in a business process
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schedule feasability
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whether an information system will be able to be developed on a timetable needed - can it be done by this date?
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stand-up
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In scrum, a 15 min meeting in which each team member states what he/she has done in the past day, what he/she will do in the coming day, and any factors that are blocking the process
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swin-lane layout
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a process diagram layout similar to swimming lanes in a pool; each role in the process is shown in its own horizontal rectangle or lane
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system conversion
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the process of converting business activity from the old system to the new
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system analyst
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IS professionals who understand business and technology. they are active throughout the system development process and play a key role in moving the project form the conception and conversion, and maintenance.
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System Analysts intergrate the work of ______,_______and______.
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programmers, testers and users
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System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
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classical process used to develop information systems
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The basic steps in SDLC are:
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system definition requirement analysis component design implementation system maintenance
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Technical feasability
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whether existing information tech will be able to meet the needs of a new information system
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test plan
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groups of action and usage sequences for validating the capability of new using software
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trade-off
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in project management, a balance of three critical factors: requirements, costs and time
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velocity
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in scum, the total number of points that a team can accomplish in each scum period
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waterfall method
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the assumption that one phase of the SDLC can be completed in its entirely and the project can progress, without any backtracking; to the next phase of SDLC
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work breakdown structure
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a hierarchy of task required to complete a project; for a large project, it might involved hundreds or thousands of tasks
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Chief Information Officer (CIO)
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the title of the principle manager of the IS department
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Other titles for the CIO
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VP of Information services, director of information services, director of computer services
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Chief Technology Officer
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The head of the technology group, Filters ideas and products to identify those most relevant to the organization
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Green Computing
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environmentally conscious computing consisting of 3 major components: power management, visualization and e-waste management
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outsourcing
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the process of hiring another organization to perform a service
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advantages of out sourcing
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saves costs, gain experience, and free up management time
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steering committee
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a group of senior managers from a company's major business function that works with the CIO to set the IS priorities and decider among major IS projects and alternatives
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True/False: An application is a combination of hardware, software, and data components that accomplish a set of requirements
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True!
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True/False: The systems of development life cycle (SDLC) is a process that can be used to develop both information systems and applications.
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True!
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True/False: As IS development projects are difficult to budget and schedule, technical and organizational feasibilities are only approximate analyses
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False
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True/False: User involvement is critical throughout the system development process
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True!
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The SDLC process follows a linear sequence from requirements to design to implementation. Therefore, the SDLC process is also known as the __________
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Waterfall method
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Rapid Application development, the unified process, extreme programming, and scrum have led to _________
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agile development
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A _______ is a sequence of activities that determine the easiest date by which a project can be completed
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critical path
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A ________ shows the task, dates, and dependencies for the tasks of a project
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Gnatt Chart
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What is a characteristic of outsourcing?
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To achieve quality, it is easier to hire another vendor than it is rehire internal staff
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Which of the following is an outsourcing alternative in which hardware and both operating system and application software are leased? A. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud hosting B. Software as a Service (SaaS) C. Licensed software D. Virtualization
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B. Software as a Service (SaaS)
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Which of the following personnel does not play a role in the applications development process? A. Systems analysts B. Programmers C. Test personnel D. Database designers E. Business analysts
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E. Business analysts
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What are the roles in the applications development process?
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System analysts, programmers, test personnel, database designers
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_______________ are IS professionals who understand both business and technology.
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system analuysts
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True/False: Systems development always aims at a fixed target
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False
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True/False: Information systems are never off-the-shelf
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true
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True/False: systems development is never exclusively a technical task
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true
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True/False: The systems development process must create and environment in which questions are both asked and answered
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true
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True/False: Under-staffing is not a reason for dis-economies of scale
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true
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True/False: The SDLC process can be applied to both information systems and applications
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true
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True/False: The average contribution per worker is directly proportional to the team size
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false
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True/False: More people to a system development project will make the project later
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true
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True/False: SDLC is the classic process used to develop information systems
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...
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Which is NOT a reason that can cause a business process to need changes and require management? A. The process is not able to accomplish its strategy B. New computer hardware is available C. The process may be using resources poorly D. Business fundamentals have changed behind the process E. The process needs to adopt new technology
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B. New computer hardware is available
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Which is NOT a stage in the business process management (BPM)? A. Create components B. Model process C. Implement processes D. Assess results E. Change strategy
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E. Change strategy
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___________ is the standard set of terms and graphical notations for documenting business processes
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Business process modeling notation (BPMN)
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In a BPMN process diagram, you can use ______ to simple process diagrams and draw attention to interactions
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Swim lane layout
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In a BPMN process diagram, ___________ represents the start of a proess
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Thin-lined circle
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The correct sequence for the five phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC) process is .....
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system definition > requirements analysis > components design > implementation > system maintenance
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The project plan is made in the _______ phase of the systems development life cycle
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system definition
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In a _______ installation, the new system runs alongside the old one until it has been test and is fully operational
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Parallel
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The easiest and cheapest time to alter the information system is in the __________ phase
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Requirement analysis
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The main problem of the SDLC approach to systems development is the ______ nature of the process
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waterfall
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Which if NOT a key success of the SDLC projects? A. Do no adjust the plan via trade-offs B. Create a work-breakdown structure C. Create a project plan D. Manage development challenges E. Estimate time and costs
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A. Do no adjust the plan via trade-offs
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Which is not a typical characteristic of a success Project Team? A. Team members take ownership of the project B. Team members are open to review and feedback C. Team members participate actively D. Team members specify tasks to be accomplished E. Team Composition remains fixed during the project
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E. Team Composition remains fixed during the project
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Which is not something to consider when documenting system requirements for procedures and personnel? A. Consider organizational standards governing what hardware will be used B. Consider any union rules that restrict system activities C. Consider how the system needs to interface with other systems D. Consider organizational rules that require separation of duties and authorities E. Consider whether some actions can be taken only by certain departments
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A. Consider organizational standards governing what hardware will be used
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Which of the following is not one of the dimensions of feasibility? A. Budgetary B. Planning C. Schedule D. Technical E. Operational
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B. Planning
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Can large complex projects be managed with Scrum?
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no
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True/False: Minimal documentation is prepared initially, but created as a Scrum project progresses
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true
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True/False: Three roles are present to represent the owner, team members, and the Scrum master
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true
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True/False: In Scrum, the team meets daily for 15-minute stand-ups
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true
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True/False: Scrum designs and allots tasks to finish in a day or two
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true
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Which of the following is done in the maintenance phase of SDLC? A. Component Design B. Routine maintenance C. Obtaining Requirements D. Fixing failures E. Training
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D. Fixing failures
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Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the problems with SDLC? A. errors in budgeting and scheduling B. Lack of implementation training for users C. difficulty of documenting requirements in a usable way D. Minimal user feedback during the development phase E. Waterfall nature of SDLC
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B. Lack of implementation training for users
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A ______ shows the task, start and finish dates, and dependencies for the tasks of a project
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Ganatt chart
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In considering the trade-offs for systems development processes, what could cause dis economies of scale?
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Adding more people
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Which is not a critical factor that need to be considered to manage development challenges? A. Dis-economies of scale B. Configuration C. Coordination D. Unexpected events E. Requiring overtime for systems developers
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E. Requiring overtime for systems developers
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Process and systems development will evolve in the follow ways in the next ten years, except ________
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systems will become less integrated
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The major function of the information department are as follows, except ______________ A. Protect informational assets B. Create an organizational strategy C. Manage outsourcing relationships D. Develop, operate and maintain applications and infrastructure E. Plan the use of IS to accomplish organizational goals and strategy
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B. Create an organizational strategy
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_____________ is another more common title given to the VP of information services
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CIO
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The CTO often heads the _________ group
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technology
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The main difference in responsibilities between a business analyst role and the systems analyst role is ______
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developing process and systems that implement business strategy and goals
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A __________________ works with users to determine system requirements, designs and develops jobs descriptions and procedures, and helps determine system test plans
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system analyst
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The development group in a company's IS department is staffing primarily by programmers, test engineers, technical writers, and other development personnel - does the company develop in house programs?
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YES! They do develop in house programs
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Because of the movement toward outsourcing, some companies have started a seperate group in the IS department for ____________.
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outsourcing relations
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The help-desk function is usually part of the __________ group within the IS development
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operations
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The major planning functions of the information systems department include the following except: A. Developing priories and enforce them within the IS department B. Communication IS issues to the executive group C. Managing the charge back of information system resource usage D. Aligning information system resouce usage E. Sponsoring steering committees
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C. Managing the charge back of information system resource usage
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Because of the outsourcing company and the vendor can become so tightly integrated, ___________ the agreement can be very costly and risky
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ending
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Which is NOT a responsibility of the CIO? A. Manages the computing infrastructure B. Establishes priorities for new projects C. Is involved in overseeing and negotiating outsourcing relationship D. Communicates with the managers of each IT department E. Runs the steering committees that review projects
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A. Manages the computing infrastructure
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One of the management advantages of outsourcing is that the company can ___________
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gain expertise
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True/False: Outsourcing saves direct management time
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false
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True/False: Outsourcing increases indirect management time
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false
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True/False: There is no guarantee that outsourcing will provide a certain level of quality
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true
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True/False: Outsourcing involves significant implementation risk
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false
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True/False: Outsourcing leads to greater budgetary instability
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false
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Outsourcing companies face a certain loss of control when they hire other organizations to perform certain services. A particular disadvantage related to the loss of control is _______________
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that there is no easy way of exiting the outsourcing agreement
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A company hires a travel agency to look after employee travel arrangements. This is an example of _____________
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Outsourcing an entire business function
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A major concern with outsourcing is that the company may lose __________ by being forced to reveal proprietary trade secrets
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intellectual capital
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An outsourcing provider may have their own methods and procedures that will be adopted by the hiring company; this is ____________
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one of the risks of outsourcing
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As a user, you have a right to all of the following, except______ A. Access to social media and web-based email programs B. Receiving prompt attention to problems C. Reliable systems development and maintenance D. A secure computing environment E. Effective training
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A. Access to social media and web-based email programs
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As a user, you have a responsibility to all of the following, except______ A. install only authorized programs B. protect your password C. apply software patches and fixed on your own D. learn basic computer skills E. Use computing resources according to the use policy
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C. apply software patches and fixed on your own
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Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about a steering committee? A. All major business functional areas are represented B. It is a group of senior managers C. It meets to resolve the most critical problems D. it works with the CIO to set IS priorities E. it provides a forum for users to express there is needs
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C. It meets to resolve the most critical problems - this is not true
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To ensure that end users get prompt attention to their problems, the IT Department prioritizes complaints based on ___________
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how the problem interferes with the user's ability to do their job
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User responsibilities to learn basic computer skills includes all of these except: A. learning routine security and backup procedure B. learning to protect the organization's data from being stolen C. learning to protect one's own password D. learn the techniques for the applications they use E. Learning to use the systems to perform your job
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E. Learning to use the systems to perform your job
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Which of the following is the most critical skill that a next-generation CIO should have?
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Managing transformational change
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True/False: Next generation CIOs rely on other to understand the IT architecture from end-to-end
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false
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True/False: Next generation CIOs do not need to be innovators but instead should surround themselves with innovators and listen to them
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false
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True/False: Next generation CIOs operate in a static environment where change is managed with quarterly release cycle
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false
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True/False: Next generation CIOs need to be leaders in IT innovations
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true
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True/False: Next generation CIOs need to have a greater understanding of complexity IT
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true
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CIO's role as a fast mover is best described as ____________
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managing project delivery in shorter time cycles of weeks instead of months
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What is different about today's IT environment ?
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new business needs occur more quickly today than they did in the past
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In the ________ phase of development, IT professionals work with system users collect information about what they want the system to do
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analysis
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Is building and programming the system a responsibility of the system implementation team?
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YES ! they do build and program the system
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A part of the maintenance phase of system development is ________
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evaluation of the system to determine if further improvements need to be made
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What is a distinguishing feature of the testing phase of systems development?
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it occurs before the system is installed by the implementation team
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Which of the following is the last stage in the system development life cycle? A. Documentation B. Implementation C. Maintenance D. Testing
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C. Maintenance
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