Islam, the Quran, and the Five Pillars All Without a Flamewar – Flashcards
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Islam's origins
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East coast of the Mediterranean
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When did the angel, Gabriel appear to Muhammad
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7th Century CE
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Quraysh Tribe
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- Powerful merchant tribe that controlled Mecca and its Kaaba - Muhammad was born into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe
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What do Muslims believe about Muhammad
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- God sent him as the final prophet to bring people back to the one true religion
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Quran
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The holy book of Islam
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The Quran acknowledges
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Abraham, Moses, and Jesus
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What did Quran promote
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- Strict Monotheism - Importance of taking care of those less fortunate than you
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5 Pillars of Islam
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1- Shahada 2- Salat 3- Sawm 4- Zakat 5- Hajj
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Shahada
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- The Muslim's acceptance of the divine god "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah"
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Salat
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The ritual prayer of Muslims, performed five times daily in a set form. *Names, below, are probably not on the test* - Fajr (Dawn to Sunrise) - Zuhr (After true noon until Asr) - Asr (Afternoon) - Maghrib (After sunset until dusk) - Isha (Dusk until dawn)
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Sawm
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Fasting from dawn until dusk during the month of Ramadan
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Zakat
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Obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes.
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Hajj
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The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.
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Hadith
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Collections of sayings and stories about the Prophet
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Sharia
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The code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and example of Muhammad; "sharia is only applicable to Muslims"; "under Islamic law there is no separation of church and state"
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Umma
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Muslim community of believers
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What was the conflict between the Quraysh tribe and Muhammad
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- Muhammad's message of one god - The Quraysh tribe managed the pilgimage trade in Mecca, and if all those gods were false, it would be a disaster economically
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What did the Quraysh do to Muhammad
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- They forced Muhammad and his followers out of Mecca in 622 CE
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Where did Muhammad and his followers head towards
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Yithrab of Medina
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Hijra
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- Marks the year zero in Islamic calendar - Muhammad's journey to Medina
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When did the Islamic community take back Mecca
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630 CE
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What was the main problem after Muhammad's death
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He did not announce his successor
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Who led the Islamic community after Muhammad's death
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The Caliphate
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Who was the First Caliph
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Abu Bakr
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Abu Bakr
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- Muhammad's father-in-law - Stabilized the community after Muhammad's death - Began the process of recording the Quran in writing - Started Military campaigns against the Byzantine and Sassanian Empires
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Who was the Second Caliph
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Umar ibn Al-Khattāb
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Umar ibn Al-Khattāb
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- Succeeded Abu Bakr (632-634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. - Was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history - He was a senior Sahabi of the Islamic prophet Muhammad - Assassinated
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Who was the Third Caliph
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Uthman ibn Affan
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Uthman ibn Affan
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- Succeeded Umar ibn al-Khattab as caliph at age 65 - Standardized the Quran - Continued the tradition of conquest - Assassinated
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Who was the Fourth Caliph
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Ali
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Ali
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- Caliph between 656 and 661 CE which was one of the hardest periods in Muslim history that coincided with the first Muslim civil war. - He reigned over Rashidun empire which was extended from Central Asia in the east to North Africa in the west. - Many Muslims consider his government as the Islamic style of justice and tolerance on one side and tough following of Islamic law on the other.
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Ummayads
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- Uthman's tribe - Dynasty that would rule over an ever-expanding Islamic Empire for more than a hundred years
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Conflict between Sunni and Shi'a
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- Sunnis believe Abu Bakr was rightly elected the first caliph - Shi'a Muslims believe it should've been Ali
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What are the First Caliphs to Sunnis
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"The Rightly Guided Caliphs"
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Sassanians
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- The last non-Muslim successors to the Persian Empire - Fighting the Byzantines for about 300 years, they were weak - Were recently struck with a plague
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Islamic rules for conquered people
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- You paid lower taxes if you converted to Islam - Taxes on worshiping your idols
