isds mis 1 – Flashcards
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Why Is Introduction to MIS the Most Important Class in the Business School?
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• Learn to assess, evaluate, and apply emerging information technology to business • Gain marketable skills and perspectives • Moore's Law creates infinite opportunities for innovation
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Moore's Law
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• Transistors per square inch • Cost of computing goes down • Skills outsourced to lowest bidder
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Development and Use of Information Systems
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• Business professionals need to: - Take active role in IS to ensure systems meet their needs - Understand how information systems are constructed - Consider users' needs during development - Learn how to use information systems - Take into account ancillary IS functions (security, backups)
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Acheiving Strategies
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• MIS empowers users to achieve business objectives - Information systems exist to assist business people & help achieve business goals and objectives
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Purpose of Five-Component Model
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• Understanding scope of new information systems • Components ordered by difficulty to change and amount of disruption
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Why Is the Difference Between IT and IS Important?
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• Information technology (IT) 1. Products 2. Methods 3. Inventions 4. Standards IT = hardware + software + data • You can buy IT, but can never buy an IS! • People require training, overcoming employees' resistance to change, managing employees using new system IS = IT + People + Procedures
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What Is Information?
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1. Knowledge derived from data, and data are recorded facts or figures 2. Data presented in a meaningful context 3. Data processed by summing, ordering, averaging, grouping, comparing, or other similar operations 4. "A difference that makes a difference"
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What are necessary data characteristics?
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- Accurate - Timely - Relevant to context, to subject - Just sufficient - Worth its cost
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Components of Business Process
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• Activities - Transform resources and information of one type into another type • Decisions - A question that can be answered Yes or No • Roles - Sets of procedures • Resources - People, or facilities, or computer programs assigned to roles • Repository - Collection of business records
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Why Does the GearUp Team Need to Understand Business Processes?
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• Needs to understand its existing processes and to identify the problems they have. • Needs to redesign its current processes. • Needs to know where and how to save costs?
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What is a Business Process?
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• Network of activities for accomplishing a business function • Such as: buying & managing inventory, making sales to customers, paying bills, collecting revenue, and hundreds of other business functions
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How Can Information Systems Improve Process Quality?
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• Dimension of Process Quality • Effectiveness: Business process enables organization to accomplish its strategy. • Efficiency: Ratio of benefits to costs & Costs - time and infrastructure
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Where Is Information?
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• Graph is not, itself, information • Graph is data you and others perceive, use to conceive information • Ability to conceive information from data determined by cognitive skills • People perceive different information from same data
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How Does Organizational Strategy Determine Information Systems Structure?
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1. Industry structure determines competitive strategies. 2. Competitive strategy determines value chains and business processes. 3. Business processes determine supporting information systems.
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What Five Forces Determine Industry Structure?
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Porter's: potential profitability of an industry 1. Competitive Forces - Competition from vendors of substitutes, new competitors, existing rivals - Customer loyalty - Switching costs - Linkages 2. Bargaining Power Forces - Bargaining power of suppliers & customers
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How Does Competitive Strategy Determine Value Chain Structure?
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Competitive strategy implemented by creating value - Value - Margin = Value - Cost - Value Chain
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Competitive Strategy
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Compares - lowest cost across the industry - lowest cost within an industry segment - better product/service across the industry - better product/service within industry segment
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How Do Value Chains Determine Business Processes and Information Systems?
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• Business processes implement value chains or portions of value chains. • Each value chain supported by one or more business process.
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How Do Information Systems Provide Competitive Advantages
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Product Implementations - Create a new product or service - Enhance products or services - Differentiate products or services Process Implementations - Lock in customers and buyers - Lock in suppliers - Raise barriers to market entry - Establish alliances - Reduce costs
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How Does an Actual Company Use IS to Create Competitive Advantages?
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1. Maintains customer account data - IS collects info for ABC (adds value) - IS saves customers time by automatically filling in part of form 2. Package & information delivery system - IS helps customer to select delivery address and generate shipping labels - What value does shipper get?
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How Does This System Create a Competitive Advantage
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• Enhances existing products • Differentiates products • Locks in customers • Raises barriers to market entry • Increases profit margins by decreasing costs and decreasing errors
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Processing the Database, 4 DBMS operations
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1. Read 2. Insert 3. Modify 4. Delete
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Structured Query Language (SQL)
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- International standard - used by most popular DBMS
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Development
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- Create and staff DBA function - Form steering committee - Specify requirements - Validate data model - Evaluate application design
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Enterprise DBMS vs Personal DBMS
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- Enterprise DBMS process large organizational and workgroup databases for 100s/1000s of users • Personal DBMS designed for smaller databases used by 1 to 100 users.
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What is MIS?
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Five Component Framework - Hardware - Software - Data - Procedures - People
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How can you use the five component model?
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Actors: Hardware & People Instructions: Software & Procedures Bridge: Data
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Existing GearUP Business Process using BPMN
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1. Vendor 2. Buyer 3. Event Sales 4. Operations 5. Customer
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Summary of Value Chain Primary Activities
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1. Inbound Logistics 2. Operations/Manufacturing 3. Outbound Logistics 4. Sales and Marketing 5. Customer Service
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Support Activities in the Value Chain
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- Technology: R, New techniques, Methods, Procedures - Procurement: raw materials - Human resources: training, recruiting, compensation - Firm infrastructure: general management, finance, accounting, legal, gov't affairs
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Value Chain Linkages
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- Interactions across value activities readily supported by information systems - Manufacturing systems use linkages to reduce costs
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What is a Database?
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An organized collection of related data.
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Components of a Database
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- Tables or Files - Relationships - Metadata
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What are Relationships among rows?
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Relationship tables store information about the relationship between two or more attributes.
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What are Components of a Database Application System
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1. User 2. Database Application - Forms, Queries, Applications, Reports, Programs 3. DBMS - Database Management System 4. Database - Tables, Relationships, Metadata
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Crow's Foot Diagram
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type of entity-relationship diagram that uses a crow's foot symbol to designate a one-to-many relationship
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Normalizing for Data Integrity
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data integrity problem can only occur if data are duplicated
