ISDS Ch 1 – Flashcard
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is a collection of people, procedures, software, hardware, and data
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information system
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most organizations have departments that specialize in one of five basic functions. These are:
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accounting, marketing, human resources, production, and research
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Department that records all financial activity from billing customers to paying employees
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Accounting
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Department that plans, prices, promotes, sells, and distributes the organization's goods and services.
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Marketing
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Department that focuses on people—hiring, training, promoting, and any number of other human-centered activities within the organization.
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Human resources
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Department that actually creates finished goods and services using raw materials and personnel.
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Production
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Department that identifies, investigates, and develops new products and services.
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Research
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Three levels of management in an organization
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Supervisors, middle management, and top management
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manage and monitor the employees or workers, have responsibility relating to operational matter, They monitor day-to-day events and immediately take corrective action, if necessary.
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Supervisors
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deal with control, planning (also called tactical planning), and decision making. They implement the long-term goals of the organization.
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Middle management
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are concerned with long-range planning (also called strategic planning). They need information that will help them plan the future growth and direction of the organization.
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Top management
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What level of management needs information that is summarized in capsule form to reveal the overall condition of the business?
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Top level
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What level of management needs summarized information—weekly or monthly reports?
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Middle level
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What level of management needs detailed, very current, day-to-day information on their units so that they can keep operations running smoothly?
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Supervisors
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Information flow of supervisors
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mostly vertical
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Information flow of middle level managers
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vertical and horizontal
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Information flow of top level managers
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vertical, horizontal, and external
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Most common names for information systems
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transaction processing, management information, decision support, and executive support systems.
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records day-to-day transactions, such as customer orders, bills, inventory levels, and production output, helps supervisors by generating databases that act as the foundation for the other information systems.
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Transaction processing system
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summarizes the detailed data of the transaction processing system in standard reports for middle-level managers. Such reports might include weekly sales and production schedules.
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Management information system:
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provides a flexible tool for analysis, helps middle-level managers and others in the organization analyze a wide range of problems, such as the effect of events and trends outside the organization, draws on the detailed data of the transaction processing system.
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Decision support system
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an easy-to-use system that presents information in a very highly summarized form. It helps top-level managers oversee the company's operations and develop strategic plans, combines the internal data from the TPS and the MIS with external data.
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Executive support system
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A transaction processing system is sometimes also called _____
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the data processing system
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Every accounting department handles six basic activities, what are they?
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sales order processing, accounts receivable, inventory and purchasing, accounts payable, payroll, and general ledger
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one of the activities of accounting; records the customer requests for the company's products or services.
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Sales order processing activity
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one of the activities of accounting; records money received from or owed by customers.
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accounts receivable activity
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The parts and finished goods that the company has in stock
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Inventory
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keeps records of the number of each kind of part or finished good in the warehouse
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Inventory control system
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a form that shows the name of the company supplying the material or service and what is being purchased.
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Purchase order
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one of the activities of accounting; refers to money the company owes its suppliers for materials and services it has received
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Accounts payable
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one of the activities of accounting; concerned with calculating employee paychecks.
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payroll
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one of the activities of accounting; keeps track of all summaries of all the foregoing transactions, can produce income statements and balance sheets.
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general ledger
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show a company's financial performance— income, expenses, and the difference between them for a specific time period.
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Income statements
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list the overall financial condition of an organization. They include assets (for example, buildings and property owned), liabilities (debts), and how much of the organization (the equity) is owned by the owners.
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Balance sheets
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Reports that are produced at regular intervals—weekly, monthly, or quarterly, for instance.
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Periodic reports
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Reports that call attention to unusual events.
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Exception reports
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A report produced on request
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demand report
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4 parts of a decision support system
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user, system software, data, and decision models.
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three basic types of decision models:
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strategic, tactical, and operational
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assist top-level managers in long-range planning, such as stating company objectives or planning plant locations.
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Strategic models
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help middle-level managers control the work of the organization, such as financial planning and sales promotion planning.
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Tactical models
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help lower-level managers accomplish the organization's day-to-day activities, such as evaluating and maintaining quality control.
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Operational models
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people who distribute, communicate, and create information. They are the organization's secretaries, clerks, engineers, and scientists, to name a few
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Information workers
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people involved with distribution and communication of information like the secretaries and clerks
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Data Workers
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involved with the creation of information (like the engineers and scientists).
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Knowledge workers
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Two systems to support information workers are ____
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Office automation systems and Knowledge work systems
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are designed primarily to support data workers. These systems focus on managing documents, communicating, and scheduling. Documents are managed using word processing, web authoring, desktop publishing, and other image technologies
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Office automation systems
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Used by knowledge workers to create information in their areas of expertise
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Knowledge work systems
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a type of artificial intelligence that uses a database to provide assistance to users.
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Expert systems
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Expert systems are also known as
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Knowledge based systems
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oversee the work of programmers, computer specialists, systems analysts, and other computer profes- sionals. They create and implement corporate computer policy and systems.
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Information systems managers
