ISDS 1102 Final Study Guide – Flashcards
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Successful companies operate ______________, integrating the operations of all departments.
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Cross-Functionally
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Operating cross-functionally means integrating the operations of all ________.
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Departments
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What is a way of monitoring an entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part?
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Systems Thinking
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What is information that returns to its original transmitter and modifies the transmitter's actions?
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Feedback
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Which of the following is one of Thomas Friedman's 10 forces that flattened the world?
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Fall of the Berlin Wall
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A(n) __________ is a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose.
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System
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Preforms the function of selling goods or services
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Sales
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Records, measures, and reports monetary transactions.
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Accounting
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Tracks stratefic financial issues including money, banking, credit, investments, and assets.
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Finance
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Maintains policies, plans and precedure for the effective management of employees
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Human Resources
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Supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or services.
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Marketing
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Manages the process of converting or transforming resources into goods or services.
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Operations Management
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Material Items or Products that customers will buy to satisfy a need or want (ex: Ice Cream or Shoes)
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Goods
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Tasks preformed by people that customers will buy to satisfy a want or need (ex: Uber Driver or Doctor)
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Service
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What are the broad function's of a CIO? (3)
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(1) Ensuring the delivery of all IT projects on time and within budget, (2) That the strategic vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization, (3) Building and maintaining strong executive relationships.
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Who is responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems and developing strategies and IT safeguards against attacks from hackers and viruses?
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Chief Security Officer (CSO)
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What is the legal protection afforded an expression of an idea?
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Copyright
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What are the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people?
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Ethics
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The chief ___________ officer is responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organization.
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Privacy
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_________ software involves the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software.
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Pirated
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Which of the following does a database maintain information on? (3)
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Inventory Transactions Employees
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Which database model is a type of database that stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables?
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Relational Database Model
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What in the relational database model is a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored?
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Entity
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Why do relational databases use foreign keys?
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To create logical relationships
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What is an interactive website that is kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers using a database?
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Data-driven Website
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A foreign key in the relational database model is a ___________ key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table.
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Primary
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Maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)
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Database
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The data elements associated with an entity
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Attribute
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Allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database
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Relational Database Management System
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Stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
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Relational Database Model
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Compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model
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Data Dictionary
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Provides details about data
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Metadata
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Collection of related data elements
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Record
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Field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table
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Primary Key
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A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
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Foreign Key
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Creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security
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Database Management System (DBMS)
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Logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures
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Data Model
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The smallest or basic unit of information
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Data Element
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Asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database
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Structured Query Language (SQL)
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Stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event
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Entity
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An interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers using a database
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Data-driven Website
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The person responsible for updating and maintaining website content
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Content Editor
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The person responsible for creating the original website content
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Content Creator
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Includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action
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Static Information
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Includes data that change based on user actions
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Dynamic Information
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Stored in a dynamic catalog, or an area of a website that stores information about products in a database
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Dynamic Website Information
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What describes ETL (Extract, Transform, Load)?
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(1) A process that transforms information using a common set of enterprise definitions (2) A process that loads information into a data warehouse (3) A process that extracts information from internal and external databases
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What is data mining?
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The process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
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What is a challenge facing many businesses? (3)
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(1) Collecting information (2) Discerning patterns and meaning in the information (3) Responding to the resultant information
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A ________ is the common term for the representation of multidimensional information.
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Cube
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Information _____________ or scrubbing is the process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.
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Cleansing
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Information _____________ activities include removing redundant records, fixing erroneous relationships, and fixing inaccurate data.
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Cleansing
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One hundred percent complete and accurate information is _____________.
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Impossible
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Every department had its own method for recording data so when trying to share information, data did not match and users did not get the data they really needed
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Inconsistent Data Definitions
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Managers need to preform cross-functional analysis using data from all departments, which differed in granularities, formats, and levels
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Lack of Data Standards
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The data, if available, were often incorrect or incomplete. Therefore, users could not rely on the data to make decisions
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Poor Data Quality
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Users could not get the data they needed; what was collected was not always useful for intended purposes
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Inadequate Data Usefulness
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Most data stored in operational databases did not allow users direct access; users had to wait to have their queries or questions answered by MIS professionals who could code SQL
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Ineffective Direct Data Access
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A process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads it into a data warehouse.
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Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL)
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Contains a subset of data warehouse information.
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Data Mart
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The common term for the representation of multidimensional information.
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Information Cube
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A process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information.
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Information Cleansing or Scrubbing
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Determine the accuracy and completeness of its data.
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Data Quality Audits
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Accesses large amounts of data from different management information systems.
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Informing
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Tracks corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and includes advanced capabilities such as interactive controls allowing users to manipulate data for analysis.
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Business Intelligence Dashboard
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Moves beyond Excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more.
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Data Visualization Tool
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Describes technologies that allow users to "see" or visualize data to transform information into a business perspective.
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Data Visualization
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Displays information graphically so it can be easily understood.
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Inforgraphs
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What is recovery?
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(1) The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash (2) The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system failure (3) Restoring the information backup
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What is a backup?
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An exact copy of a system's information
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The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure and includes restoring the information backup
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Recovery
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A computer system designed that in the event a component fails, a backup component or procedure can immediately take its place with no loss of service
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Fault Tolerance
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What is a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business?
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A Hot Site
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What is a detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood?
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Disaster Recovery Plan
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What is a type of backup/recovery media? (3)
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DVD, Tape, Disk
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What is the primary difference between the different types of backup/recovery media? (3)
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Speed, Cost, Expense
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What type of backup strategy would you recommend to an organization that deals with large volumes of critical information?
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Hourly Backup Strategy
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What type of backup strategy would you recommend to an organization that deals with small amounts of noncritical information?
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Weekly Backup Strategy
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What is a Disaster Recovery Cost Curve? (3)
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(1) The cost to the organization of the unavailability of information (2) The cost to the organization of recovering from a disaster over time (3) The cost to the organization of the unavailability of technology
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A ______________ site is a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business.
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Hot Site
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True or False: Business continuity planning is a plan for how an organization will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption.
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True
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True or False: Fault tolerance is a computer system designed that in the event a component fails, a backup component or procedure can immediately take its place with no loss of service. Fault tolerance can be provided with software, or embedded in hardware, or provided by some combination.
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True
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A ______________ site is a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after the disaster.
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Cold
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____________ is a backup operational mode in which the functions of a computer component (such as a processor, server, network, or database) is assumed by secondary system components when the primary component becomes unavailable through either failure or scheduled down time.
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Failover
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What is a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible?
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Cluster Analysis
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What reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information?
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Association Detection
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What represents market basket analysis? (3)
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(1) Analyzes website information (2) Analyzes checkout scanner information (3) Detects customers' buying behavior
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What is time-series information?
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Time-stamped information collected at a particular frequency
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What is a form of statistical analysis?
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Forecasting
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What are forecasts?
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Predictions made on the basis of time-series information
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Which company uses statistical analysis to automatically detect potential issues, provide quick and easy access to reports, and perform multidimensional analysis on all warranty information?
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Whirlpool
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Which type of BI manages daily operations and integrates BI with operational systems?
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Operational BI
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Which type of BI conducts short-term analysis to achieve strategic goals?
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Tactical BI
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Which type of BI achieves long-term organizational goals?
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Strategic BI
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Which form of BI has managers and analysts as its primary users?
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Operational BI
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Which form of BI uses the time frame of days to weeks to months?
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Tactical BI
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Which form of BI uses real-time metrics for its data?
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Operational BI
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Which form of BI uses months to years as its time frame?
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Strategic BI
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The time duration to make data ready for analysis and loading the data into the database
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Data Latency
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The time from which data are made available to the time when analysis is complete
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Analysis Latency
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The time it takes a human to comprehend the analytic result and determine an appropriate action
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Decision Latency
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True or False: The three forms of BI include operational, tactical, and value-added.
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False
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Market __________ analysis analyzes such items as websites and checkout scanner information to detect customers' buying behavior and predicts future behavior by identifying affinities among customers' choices of products and services.
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Basket
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__________ analysis performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis
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Statistical
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_______ are predictions made on the basis of time-series information
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Forecasts
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All of the following are countries expected to have the largest increases in population between 2000 and 2050, except: A) Palestinian Territory B) India C) Democratic Republic of the Congo D) Yemen
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B) India
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What is not a potential business impact from the world's population doubling in the next 40 years?
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The time to get products and services to market is being shortened by technology
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On average, how many years longer does each generation live than the previous in the United States?
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Three
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What are the life expectancies for men and women in many developed countries?
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Over 75 years for males and over 80 years for females
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Which of the following is not a potential business impact from people in developed countries living longer? A) Global demand for elderly products will grow B) Global demand for elderly services will grow C) The cost of health care will decrease D) Pharmaceutical companies will be pushed for advances in geriatric medicine
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C) The cost of health care will decrease
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What kind of society is being created by the growth in information industries?
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Knowledge-dependent global society
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Which of the following is not a potential business impact created by the growth in information industries? A) Top managers must be computer-literate B) Knowledge workers are generally higher paid C) Entry-level positions will require less education D) Downsizing will continue
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C) Entry-level positions will require less education
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Why is the global economy becoming more integrated? (3)
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Relaxed borders in the European Union, The Internet, International Outsourcing
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Which of the following is one of the primary reasons for the increase in Internet use? A) Reorganization B) Connectivity technology C) Organizational restructuring D) All of these
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B) Connectivity technology
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All of the following jobs will be increasingly performed by robots, except: A) Mundane commercial and service jobs B)Environmentally dangerous jobs C) The repair of inaccessible equipment such as space stations D) Jobs performed by scientists, engineers, and technicians
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D) Jobs performed by scientists, engineers, and technicians
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What does 50 percent of what a student learns about innovative technology in their freshman year of college become by their senior year? A) Obsolete B) Revised C) Taken for granted D) All of these
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D) All of these
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What percentage will all of today's technical knowledge represent in 2050?
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1%
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How long does a product's entire life cycle last today?
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40 Weeks
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Which of the following is becoming one of the world's most precious commodities?
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Time
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? Companies must take an active role in helping their employees balance their time at work with their family lives and need for leisure. A) The global economy is becoming more integrated B) Pace of technological innovation is increasing C) The economy and society are dominated by technology D) Time is becoming one of the world's most precious commodities
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D) Time is becoming one of the world's most precious commodities
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? The time to get products and services to market is being shortened by technology. A) The global economy is becoming more integrated B) Pace of technological innovation is increasing C) The economy and society are dominated by technology D) Time is becoming one of the world's most precious commodities
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B) Pace of technological innovation is increasing
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? Demand for personnel in distant countries will increase the need for foreign language training, employee incentives suited to other cultures, and many other aspects of performing business globally. A)The global economy is becoming more integrated B) Pace of technological innovation is increasing C) The growth in information industries is creating a knowledge-dependent global society D) The economy and society are dominated by technology
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A)The global economy is becoming more integrated
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? Top managers must be computer-literate to retain their jobs and achieve success. A) The global economy is becoming more integrated B) Pace of technological innovation is increasing C) The growth in information industries is creating a knowledge-dependent global society D) The economy and society are dominated by technology
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C) The growth in information industries is creating a knowledge-dependent global society
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Which of the following is not one of the technologies shaping our future? A) Digital ink B) Teleliving C) Alternative energy sources D) Automatic computing
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D) Automatic computing
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Technology that digitally represents handwriting in its natural form
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Digital Ink
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A dynamic high-resolution electronic display that combines a paperlike reading experience with the ability to access information anytime, anywhere and could be used to create an electronic book or newspaper with real pages
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Radio Paper
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Any paper that is optimized for any type of digital printing
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Digital Paper
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Using information devices and the internet to conduct all aspects of life seamlessly and will take over routine tasks such as writing a letter, retrieving a file, and making a phone call.
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Teleliving
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The virtual assistant will be a small program stored on a PC or portable device that monitors all of the following, except: A) Email B) Faxes C) Phone calls D) Application processing
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D) Application Processing
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Which of the following is not a potential business impact resulting from alternative energy sources? A) The cost of alternative energy sources is increasing with technical advances B) The deregulation of the energy industry is expected to create a huge spurt of innovative entrepreneurship C) Oil will remain the world's most important energy resource D) None of these
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A) The cost of alternative energy sources is increasing with technical advances
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Self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous systems
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Autonomic Computing
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Which of the following is a potential business impact from autonomic computing? A) Robotic sales people will take on human appearances and have the ability to perform all tasks associated with a sales job. B) People will move through a constant stream of information summoned at the touch of a finger. C) Computers will be able to "self-heal." D) Computers will be able to "self-protect."
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C) Computers will be able to "self-heal."
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True and False: The world's population will double in the next 20 years.
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False
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True and False: People in undeveloped countries are living longer.
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False
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Angola is one of the countries that are expected to have the largest increases in population between 2000 and ___________.
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2050
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The world's population is expected to double over the next ___________ years.
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40
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The growth in information industries is creating a knowledge-_________ global society.
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Dependent
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The global economy is becoming more ____________.
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Integrated
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Medical knowledge is _________ every eight years.
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Doubling
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All of today's technical knowledge will represent only __________ percent of the knowledge that will be available in 2050.
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1%
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Technologies discussed in the text as having the potential to change our world, our future, and our lives (5)
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Digital ink, digital paper, autonomic computing, Teleliving and alternative energy sources
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__________ is a dynamic high-resolution electronic display that combines a paperlike reading experience with the ability to access information anytime, anywhere.
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Radio Paper
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Autonomic computing is a _________ computing model named after, and patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous system.
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Self-Managing
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What could be used to create an electronic book or newspaper with real pages?
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Radio Paper
