question

One of the primary foundations for evidence-based nursing practice is

answer

Research results

question

Within the process of providing evidence-based nursing care, which types of research results are incorporated to ascertain the plan of treatment

answer

Personal experiences and client values

question

As a novice nurse on a medical-surgical hospital unit, you do want to get involved in a research study that is being proposed for your unit. Because your hospital is involved with evidence-based nursing practice, which aspects of EBP are essential for you to have

answer

Method for accessing published information

question

Evidence comes in many forms. Examples of the data that could best be utilized for EBP are

answer

Quality improvement data and integrated reviews

question

When developing a question to drive the compilation of evidence for a specific practice situation, the 5 components that can be used to focus the investigation are

answer

Patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and time

question

A nurse working in a cancer follow-up setting has been asked to consider the development of a transition program to help young people adjust to the adult program. The initial question suggested for use in focusing the identification of evidence is "What is it like to have care transferred form a pediatric center to an adult clinic?" Which aspects of this question need to be strengthened to make it more searchable?

answer

Population and intervention

question

Research utilization has often been

answer

Reported in the literature

question

Obstacles to using nursing research in practice include lack of

answer

Education, beliefs/attitudes, and support/resources

question

As a nurse on a medical-surgical hospital unit, you begin to question the amount of time your hospital policy requires for taking a patient's oral temperature. Your hospital uses an EBP approach to nursing care. Which hospital resources would you expect to be able to connect with to assist with the accessing of a computer?

answer

Librarian or library

question

You are a BSN-prepared nurse who wants to initiate a research project on your unit. To get the other nurses to participate, you would

answer

Check the educational level of other nurses on the unit

question

In the past, nurses were often taught that while research might be a good thing to do, only faculty could do research because

answer

Most nurses have not been taught research

question

Many nurses don't understand research because

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Research is like a foreign language

question

Research is often not valued because

answer

It costs too much

question

Nurses have a responsibility to use research because

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Research is the "hallmark of a profession"

question

The research role of the BSN RN includes

answer

Identifying clinical problems that require investigation, assisting experienced investigators to gain access to clinical sites, and collecting data

question

The ANA position statement acknowledges that

answer

Clinicians identify clinical problems and researchers design them

question

Clinical pathways are developed by

answer

Multidisciplinary teams

question

Professional care models give nurses

answer

All of the above (Accountability, Authority, Responsibility)

question

Best practice is an excellent example of which kind of testing?

answer

Reality

question

Applied research builds a body of knowledge for nursing practice because it is the basis of?

answer

EBP

question

Best practices in nursing can be defined as

answer

Nursing actions that produce desirable patient outcomes

question

The IOM's publication Keeping Patients Safe focuses on

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Transforming the work environment for nurses

question

Theories are

answer

A guide for research and practice

question

When developing a nursing research project, why is it important to remember the ethical constraints?

answer

The protection of human subjects underlies all human research projects

question

The atrocities performed on prisoners in Nazi Germany violated which ethical principles?

answer

Value of life, justice, and respect

question

Why does an ethical research environment assist with ensuring scientific integrity?

answer

Federal regulations related to ethical standards are adhered to, increasing the likelihood of integrity

question

Why do federal regulations specify that the makeup of the institutional review board should reflect cultural and gender diversity and an awareness of local mores?

answer

This practice ensures that all research projects presented to the IRB will receive fair examination and not be denied without discussion

question

Why is it important that the researcher be competent to conduct research?

answer

It is not ethically appropriate for an incompetent person to conduct research

question

What is the issue of greatest concern when developing a research project?

answer

The protection of the vunerable subject

question

Why do research question have to be developed carefully?

answer

Carefully developed and refined questions focus the research project

question

Informed consent is a crucial issue in research projects because

answer

The consenting subject will understand what the research is about and will have the choice to participate (or not)

question

Scientific misconduct on the part of the researcher is very serious. What constitutes scientific misconduct?

answer

Fabrication, falsification of data, and plagiarism

question

Privacy and confidentiality are always issues in human subject research. What are the important steps to ensure that they are protected?

answer

All data are kept securely locked in a safe place and may be destroyed only according to IRB instructions

question

Both the International Council of Nurses ant the ANA make it clear that the ethical standards of the profession require the same obligations from the nurse researcher. Why?

answer

For the protection of vulnerable clients and patients

question

Which of the following characteristics is not part of a quantitative research design

answer

Saturation

question

Nonexperimental designs generate ______ and ______ designs

answer

questions; experimental

question

One of the most common and important characteristics of a quantitative design is

answer

Control

question

Randomization helps to eliminate

answer

Bias

question

Generalization can ________ a study

answer

strengthen

question

A correlational study looks at the

answer

Relationship of 2 or more variables

question

Meta-analysis is the examination of multiple studies through statistical analysis to establish

answer

New data sets for analysis

question

The initial baseline measurement in a nonequivalent control group is used to determine if the subjects assigned to the group are

answer

Similar

question

The research design that collects data at various intervals is called a

answer

Time-series study

question

In EBP, a nurse using quantitative research for clinical decision making must be most knowledgeable about how

answer

A study design applies to practice

question

Using research in practice requires the nurse to be most aware of

answer

Generalizability of the results to current practice

question

Qualitative research examines which of the following characteristics of a phenomenon?

answer

Quality

question

Which of the following best illustrates the emic perspective in research?

answer

Exploring the way members of a group view themselves

question

Combining qualitative and quantitative methods in a single study is known as

answer

Triangulation

question

A research explores the phenomenon of how nurses make decisions about when to discuss end-of-life issues with clients. From this research, a model is developed to explain the decision-making process. Which type of research does this represent?

answer

Grounded theory

question

A researcher examines the norms, rules, and values of the staff of a large long-term care facility. Which type of research does this represent?

answer

Ethnography

question

A researcher conducts a study in which participants are asked to describe the lived experience of being a caregiver of a parent with Alzheimer's disease. Which type of qualitative study does this represent?

answer

Phenomenology

question

Which of the following statements is true with regard to comparing qualitative and quantitative research methods?

answer

Qualitative research is often inductive in nature, whereas quantitative research is deductive in nature

question

When writing up a research project, the researcher describes in detail how biases, assumptions, and personal perspectives were identified and set aside, or bracketed. Which criterion for reliability and validity was met?

answer

Confirmability

question

The researcher collecting data notices that she is beginning to hear the same things repeatedly and that no new themes are emerging. The researcher recognizes that what has occurred?

answer

Saturation

question

A literature review is

answer

An analytical summary of research findings

question

The purpose of the literature review is to

answer

All of the above (Identify a problem that has not been resolved, Clarify the importance of a research problem, Identify gaps in the literature)

question

The literature review should occur

answer

Early in the research process

question

When conducting a literature review, it is advisable to

answer

Seek assistance from a librarian

question

Evidence-based nursing literrature provides the nurse with the ability to

answer

Describe and analyze published research results

question

The database that is considered the premier bibliographic database for providing access in the North Americas for biomedical literature is

answer

MEDLINE

question

It is appropriate to use key word searches in which of the following contexts?

answer

Ovid

question

The purpose section of a research study usually

answer

Tells why the study was done

question

Gaps in the literature are

answer

All of the above (Missing pieces in the knowledge of the research area, Questions about the research that have not been explained, Suggestions for future research made by the author)

question

The main difference between a research article and a non-research article is

answer

A research article describes research by the original author

question

Most research studies begin with

answer

A problem the researcher would like to solve

question

To be considered researchable, a problem

answer

Must be amenable to study by collecting and analyzing data

question

Which of the following questions is important to ask when determining the significance of the research problem?

answer

Will the findings be applicable to nursing practice?

question

Which of the following elements would be in appropriate in a researchable problem?

answer

An ethical issue

question

Which of the following best represents a well-constructed problem statement?

answer

Does peer pressure affect the use of tobacco in adolescent females?

question

What are the 2 essential parts of the research problem statement?

answer

The variable and the population

question

Your hypothesis is "Nursing home residents ages 65-90 years who have Alzheimer's disease die at an earlier age than those who do not have Alzheimer's disease." Which answer best represents the independent variable?

answer

Having Alzheimer's disease

question

What is a confounding variable?

answer

An extraneous variable that cannot be controlled

question

Which of the following best represents a categorical variable?

answer

Ethnic origin

question

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between a research question and a hypothesis?

answer

One questions a relationship; the other predicts a relationship

question

A conceptual definition of a variable is one that is

answer

Broad and abstract

question

Sampling criteria may be defined as

answer

The identification of eligibility or ineligibility to participate in a study

question

Another term for cluster sampling is

answer

Multistage sampling

question

You are to select a set of five subjects using systematic random sampling and a random numbers table. The total population includes 50 subjects. Your pencil was initially placed on the fifth column from the left and third row down. The decision is to move across the columns to the right. 13 25 31 40 23 29 10 17 12 32 49 42 21 48 38 14 35 34 07 02 45 15 26 11 06 24 04 44 40 50 08 22 20 35 01 43 09 33 28 16 03 37 19 54 47 18 43 27 46 05

answer

06, 24, 04, 44, 40

question

Which of the following types of studies would require the largest sample size?

answer

Correlational

question

A researcher has decided to conduct a satisfaction survey among all of the patients who presented to the ER over a 2 month period of time. This is an example of

answer

Convenience sampling

question

A total of 20 nursing students are randomly selected from a random sample of 5 nursing programs in one state. This is an example of

answer

Cluster sampling

question

Determination of the appropriate sample size in qualitative research is based on the principles of

answer

Saturation and redundancy

question

Which of the following samples is least likely to be representative of the overall population?

answer

Convenience

question

In interpreting quantitative research results, the representativeness of the sample is most closely tied to

answer

External validity

question

Which of the following examples is not a data collection source used as a mechanism for amassing the information

answer

Work excitement instrument

question

Which of the following processes is not a major method of data collections

answer

Open-ended questions

question

The Hawthorne effect is defined as

answer

A process in which the participant modifies his or her behavior as a result of engagement in the study

question

Age ranges 20-25; 25-30; 30-35; 35-40 Which problem is evident in this set?

answer

The categories are not mutually exclusive

question

Which of the following are tenets for use when designing a questionnaire?

answer

Both A & B (Use a variety of items and approaches to appraise conceptual ideas, Ensure that the tool addresses the research purpose

question

Which of the following is a method of data collection?

answer

Observation

question

When developing questions for an instrument, a researcher should be careful in the wording to

answer

Use single-topic questions

question

Both open-ended and closed-ended questions are used to collect data for research endeavors. Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Closed-ended questions are used to collect quantitative data information, because the researcher provides the answers for selection

question

Open-ended questions provide primarily _________ data

answer

qualitative

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning observation?

answer

Clear directions related to the operational definitions of the selected behavior must be determined

question

When creating a questionnaire, it is essential to do each of the following except

answer

[Except] Use double-negative questions regularly within the tool

question

A researcher decides to use observation as the data collection method for a study. To effectively collect the needed data from college-age students, the researcher enrolls in a selected college course to be able to observe and collect data about the behaviors of the students. The researcher is using which observational role?

answer

Complete participant

question

A class of preschool children is observed via a one-way mirror for a research project designed to determine the aggressive behaviors of boys and girls. The parents of the students are not informed about the research project, as no intervention is planned. Which type of data is being collected?

answer

Covert

question

Which of the following terms best describes data compiled for another reason and applied in a different manner?

answer

Secondary data

question

Which of the following biophysiological tests is an example of in vivo data?

answer

Respiratory Rate

question

Another term used within literature for mixed method design is

answer

Multimethod design

question

When a researcher endeavors to use mixed method design to answer an identified research problem, the blending of the methods is based on

answer

Combining the methods to capitalize on their strong points while negating their flaws

question

The research designs are merged within which sections of the report on the research project?

answer

Sampling, data collection, and analysis

question

The primary restrictions related to the researcher that prevent the use of mixed method research are

answer

Lack of vision and risk taking

question

Which of the following groups of data collection methods represents a mixed method format

answer

Likert scale tool with focus group discussion

question

The determination of the mixed method design approach must address the meshing of the qualitative and quantitative methodologies through the use of which of the following criteria?

answer

Implementation, prioritization, and integration

question

A researcher has elected to conduct a mixed method research project. Within this project, the decision has been made to conduct the 2 types of data collection concurrently, with each type of data having equal weight within the analysis process. Based on these decisions, what must the researcher make sure is done for the reporting of the process?

answer

Document the rationale for the decisions made within the process

question

Triangulation in mixed method research is utilized for the purposes of supporting ________ validity

answer

convergent

question

The data collected in mixed method research and the emphasis given to each type of data should be determined by the ______ and goals of the study

answer

research problem

question

Qualitative data analysis seeks __________ in understanding of a phenomenon

answer

depth

question

A primary reason for using mixed research methodologies is the opportunity to _______ that might otherwise be overlooked

answer

catch complexities

question

In mixed method research, the collection of quantitative and qualitative data is often treated

answer

independently

question

An advantage of using a mixed method design for a research study is to

answer

Impart rigor to the examination of the intricacies of the problem under study

question

Limitations related to the use of mixed method strategies include the

answer

Cost and additional time required

question

When making good decisions in EBP, _____ of the data is necessary

answer

trustworthiness

question

Reliability is defined as the case in which an instrument

answer

Consistently measures the same thing

question

Reliability and relevance may exist

answer

Independently of validity

question

A valid test will _____ have some degree of reliability and relevance

answer

always

question

When measuring blood pressure, the actual score is the

answer

Observed score on the instrument

question

Reliability coefficients greater than _____ are considered to be high

answer

0.80

question

As an example of consistency and stability in EBP, when a urinalysis is done 4 times in a 24-hour period, the urine sample needs to be the _______ amount

answer

same

question

Dividing scores on a pain questionnaire (with 0-5 items) into odd and even numbered scores is a mechanism that can be used to determine

answer

Internal consistency

question

Nurses on a med-surg unit were asked to record their judgments of skin color...This process is an example of which area of reliability measurement?

answer

Objectivity

question

To establish a test as an accurate measurement of reliability, the test scores need a relatively _____ standard deviation and a _____ reliability coefficient

answer

low; high

question

Factors that can affect the reliability, objectivity, and accuracy of a too or test include

answer

Practice, timing, and environment

question

Validity can be classified as

answer

Logical

question

A criterion for content-related validity determination is

answer

A well-defined protocol for data collection

question

A researcher was comparing alternative methods for establishing a child's core body temperature for a study. The testing included the measurement of anal, oral, and aural temperatures. This example reflects which type of validity determination?

answer

Criterion-related validity

question

A study presented the results from the development of a new tool. This tool was established to measure the level of anxiety perceived by children Which type of validity would this study need to document for the tool?

answer

Construct-related validity

question

Which statistic is often used for nominally scaled variables?

answer

Chi-square

question

What level of measurement is most often associated with categorical data such as gender?

answer

Nominal

question

Inferential statistics are used to decide if differences among treatment groups are due to the

answer

Independent variable

question

Selection of the appropriate statistical technique is based on

answer

All of the above (The research question, Level of measurement of the independent or dependent variable(s)

question

What do statistically significant findings imply?

answer

The results are likely due to real differences among groups

question

A researcher investigated the relationship between vitamin C (none, 500 mg, 1,000 mg) and workers (office, outdoors) in terms of the frequency of colds. Which of the following is the dependent variable?

answer

Colds

question

The standard deviation is

answer

The square root of the variance

question

The t-test is used to

answer

Test whether 2 groups differ significantly

question

Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between 2 samples is determined by

answer

Whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only

question

Nurses must critically assess research studies to

answer

Determine the applicability of their findings to practice

question

Of the 9 types of critiques, which of the following are considered essential to EBP

answer

Student, practicing nurse, and peer review critiques

question

The purpose of a study applies to EBP when it

answer

Adds to the body of nursing knowledge

question

An essential component of a critique is a description of how the data were collected. Which of the following statements provides the best data collection description?

answer

The data was collected at 2-week intervals using a pre-test/post-test procedure

question

Results of the study should include

answer

Unexpected findings

question

A research study recommendation should include

answer

Ways to change practice based on results

question

Although many aspects are discussed within a research critique, the basic aspects that the critique is attempting to identify are

answer

Strengths and limitations

question

Evidence-based nursing practice requires that nurses initiate a pattern to facilitate effective utilization of research results. The best method for improving a nurse's ability to incorporate research results into practice is

answer

Assessing at least one research report on a weekly basis

question

Several basic guidelines can be used to make the research critiquing procedure less threatening. Which of the folloing reflects the utilization of these guidelines?

answer

The nurse reads the entire study meticulously to acquire a general understanding of the research report

question

Quantitative research design tends to be easier to critique due to the

answer

Concreteness of the research design

question

When attempting to critique a qualitative research endeavor, individuals must be able to

answer

Carefully assess the data collection and management processes

question

Which of the EBP components carries the greatest weight in determining the management of the clinical situation

answer

The situation

question

Power analysis is conducted to

answer

Estimate sample size

Introduction to Nursing Research

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