Intro to Microbiology – Flashcards
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1 Glucose breaks down into two ____ molecules. |
Pyruvate
|
Media in Starch Hydrolysis Test |
Starch Agar (in pour plate) |
Media in Lipid Hydrolysis test |
Tributyrin agar (on pour plate) |
3 types of Media in CHO Fermentation test (carbohydrate = CHO) |
1) Lactose broth 2) Dextrose broth 3) Sucrose broth
**all 3 contain phenol red (pH indicator) |
Media in Indole Production test |
SIM agar deep tube (solid) |
Media in Hydrogen Sulfide test |
SIM Agar deep tube |
Media in Methyl Red test |
MR-VP broth
**MR=methyl red, VP=Voges-Proskauer |
Media in Voges-Proskauer test |
MR-VP broth
**MR=methyl red, VP=Voges-Proskauer |
Media in Citrate Utilization test |
Simmons Citrate Agar (slant) |
Media in H2S Production test (hydrogen sulfide test) |
SIM agar (deep stab) |
Media in Urea Activity test |
Urea broth
**urea contains N, found in amino acids |
Media found in Litmus Milk Reaction test |
Litmus Milk Broth |
Media in Nitrate Reduction test |
Nitrate broth |
Media in Catalase Activity test |
Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) (slant tube) |
Reagent for Carb Fermentation test |
NO REAGENT |
Reagent for Catalase Activity test |
3% H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) 3-4 drops used |
Reagent in Nitrate Reduction test |
Nitrate A: Sulfanilic acid Nitrate B: α-naphthylamine then... Zinc - only used if (-) for nitrite |
Reagent for Litmus Milk Reaction test |
NO REAGENT |
Reagent in Hydrogen Sulfide test |
NO REAGENT |
Reagent in Voges-Proskauer test |
10 drops each of Barritt's Reagent ; |
; ; ; Reagent in Indole Production test ; ; ; |
; ; ; Kovak's Reagent 10 drops |
Reagent in Urease test |
No Reagent |
Reagent in Citrate Utilization test |
No Reagent |
Reagent in Methyl Red test |
Methyl Red indicator 5 drops |
Reagent in Starch Hydrolysis test |
Grams Iodine |
Reagent in Lipid Hydrolysis test |
No reagent |
Enzyme(s) in Indole Production test |
tryptophanase (Quinoidal red-violet compound) |
Enzyme(s) in H2S test |
Cystein desulferase + Thiosulfate reductase |
Enzyme(s) in Voges-Proskauer test |
alpha naphthol (VPA) + 40% KOH (VPB) |
Enzyme(s) in Citrate Utilization test |
Citrase |
Enzyme(s) in Urease test |
Urease |
Enzyme(s) in Starch Hydrolysis test |
Amylase + Maltase |
Enzyme(s) in Lipid Hydrolysis test |
Esterases (lipases) |
Enzyme(s) in Litmus Milk Reaction test |
beta-galactodiase (Lactose) ~or~ proteolytic enzymes (casein peptonization) |
Enzyme(s) in Nitrate Reduction test |
Nitrate Reductase |
Enzyme(s) in Catalase Activity test |
Catalase |
End product(s) of Indole Production test
|
indole |
End product(s) of H2S test |
H2S (hydrogen sulfide) |
End product(s) of Methyl Red test |
lactic, formic or acetic acid |
End product(s) of Voges-Proskauer test |
AcetylMethylCarbinal
Mr. Voges & Mr. Proskauer are the VPs of AMC |
End product(s) of Citrate Utilization test |
pyruvic acid, acetic acid & CO2 |
End product(s) of Urease test |
CO2, H2O & NH3 |
End product(s) of Starch Hydrolysis test |
glucose |
End product(s) of Lipid Hydrolysis test |
Glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
End product(s) of CHO Fermentation test |
pyruvate |
Oxygen Requirements
What type of M/O grows throughout agar and on surface? |
Facultative Anaerobe |
Oxygen Requirements
What type of M/O grows mostly just below the surface of the agar? |
Microaerophile |
Oxygen Requirements
What type of M/O grows evenly throughout agar, but not on surface? |
Aerotolerant |
Oxygen Requirements
What type of M/O grows on surface of agar only?? |
Aerobe |
Oxygen Requirements
What type of M/O grows on bottom of agar tube only? |
Anaerobe |
Temp Requirements
What type of M/O grows at 4°-20°C ? |
Psychrophile |
Temp Requirements
What type of M/O grows at 20°-37°C ? |
Mesophile (human pathogens grow at 37º) (i.e., E. coli) |
Temp Requirements
What type of M/O grows at 37°+ 60ºC ? |
Facultative Thermophile |
Temp Requirements
What type of M/O grows at ≥60°C ? |
Obligate Thermophile (i.e., B. stearothermophilus) |
Indicator in Starch Hydrolysis test |
Iodine (binds to starch but not to glucose) |
Indicator in Lipid Hydrolysis test |
tributyrin emulsion in the agar |
Indicator in Carb Fermentation test |
Phenol Red (pH indicator) |
Indicator in Indole Production test |
p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde |
Indicator in Methyl Red test |
Methyl Red (a pH indicator) |
Indicator in Voges-Proskauer test |
Barrits Reagents (VPA + VPB) |
Indicator in Citrate Utilization test |
bromothymol blue (a pH indicator) |
Indicator in Hydrogen Sulfide test |
Ferrous Sulfate |
Indicator in Urea Activity test |
phenol red |
Indicator in Litmus Milk test |
Litmus (a pH indicator) |
Indicator in Nitrate Reduction test |
Nitrate A (sulfanic acid) Nitrate B (alpha-naphthylamine) then Zinc - if 1st two are negative |
Indicator in Catalase Activity test |
Bubbles upon addition of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) |
Substrate in Starch Hydrolysis test |
Starch |
Substrate in Lipid Hydrolysis test
|
lipid triglycerides |
Substrate in Carb Fermentation test
|
carbohydrate in the broth |
Substrate in Indole Production test
|
Tryptophan (amino acid) |
Substrate in Methyl Red test
|
Glucose |
Substrate in Voges-Proskauer test
|
Acetic Acid |
Substrate in Citrate Utilization test
|
citrate |
Substrate in Hydrogen Sulfide test
|
Peptone + Sodium Thiosulfate |
Substrate in Urea Activity test
|
Urea |
Substrate in Litmus Milk test |
Lactose or Casein |
Substrate in Nitrate Reduction test
|
Nitrate |
Substrate in Catalase Activity test
|
Hydrogen Peroxide |
Inhibitor in Starch Hydrolysis test
|
no inhibitor |
Inhibitor in PEA Agar
|
ethyl alcohol (partially inhibits Gram(-) by disrupting lipids in outer membrane) |
Inhibitor in MSA
|
Salt (inhibits most M/Os other than Staph) |
Inhibitor in MacConkey Agar (MAC)
|
bile salts + Crystal Violet Dye |
Inhibitor in Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB plate)
|
Eosine + Methylene Blue |
Blood Agar What is whitish/grey growth with no change in media? |
Gamma hemolysis (no lysis of RBC in agar) (i.e., Staph. epidermidis) |
Blood Agar What is a clear zone in the agar around the microbial growth? |
Beta hemolysis (i.e., Streptococcus pyogenes) |
Blood Agar What is green coloration of the blood agar? |
Alpha hemolysis (partial lysis of RBCs) (i.e., E. coli) |
Indicator in DNase Test |
Toluidine Blue (breakdown of DNA = rose color zone) |
EMB agar selects for _____ |
Gram (-) bacteria |
EMB agar inhibits ____ |
Gram (+) bacteria |
Inhibitor in EMB agar is: |
Eosine & Methylene Blue |
E. coli growth appears what color on EMB agar? |
Green sheen growth (the agar itself will have a grape color) |
2 types of Enriched Media are: |
Blood media + Yeast extract media |
What type of M/Os grow on blood agar? |
Fastidious |
Blood agar The zone of clearing indicates ___lysis, the breakdown of red blood cells (erythrocytes). |
Hemolysis |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG SYMBOL
"NY" |
Nystatin |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG SYMBOL
"P" |
Penicillin |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG SYMBOL
"S" |
Streptomycin |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG SYMBOL
"GM" |
Gentamycin |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG SYMBOL
"TE" |
Tetracycline |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG SYMBOL
"C" |
Chloramphenicol |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG SYMBOL
"Va" |
Vancomycin |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG
SYMBOL
"TMP"
|
Trimethoprim |
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUG
SYMBOL
"G" (with a tail)
|
Sulfonamide |
(The Doreen Special - inside joke :-)
MacConkey Agar INHIBITORS and what do they inhibit?
|
Inhibitors: bile salts + Crystal Violet Dye
They inhibit Gram (+) Gram (+) are NON-fermenters |
(The Doreen Special - inside joke :-)
MacConkey Agar FERMENTATION what color will fermenters turn media? |
PINK (Lactose has been fermented by Gram - bacteria, selective for E. coli) |
(The Doreen Special - inside joke :-)
MacConkey Agar INDICATOR is....
|
Neutral Red Indicator |
MSA PLATE What organism is a fermenter, showing yellow zone of hydrolysis? |
Staph. aureus |
PEA plate What type of organism is being inhibited where growth is clear or non-existent? |
Gram (-) such as E. coli
(PEA selective for Gm(+) like S. aureus) |
Nitrate A indicator also known as: |
SULFANIC ACID |
Nitrate B indicator also known as: |
alpha-naphthylamine
|
Nitrate Reduction Positive result is what color, indicating what end product? |
Positive is red, indicating NITRITE after adding Nitrate A + Nitrate B. After Zinc is added, media turns yellow, indicating Ammonia presence. |
VPA is also known as: |
alpha naphthol |
VPB is also known as: |
40% KOH
|
Define plasmid |
Circular piece of DNA that can be passed from M/O to M/O or artificially inserted during genetic transformation |
Enzyme that enables bacteria to cleave Beta-Lactam antibiotics, making the M/O antibiotic resistant is....? |
Beta-lactamase |
In Genetic Transformation, the bacteria's AMP gene codes for what enzyme? |
; ; Beta-lactamase |
; ; How do chemotherapeutics work? |
; Disruption of cell membrane/wall ~or~ Inhibition of; protein synthesis |
; ; Synergistic result on MH plate reading appears how? |
; 2 zones of clearing which join in the middle |
; ; Additive result on MH plate reading appears how? |
; ; 2 separate zones of clearing |
; ; Appearance of Bile eschulin slant tubes for positive result? |
; ; Dark brown/black (E. faecalis) |
; ; Bacitracin test: zone of clearing indicates which group of Strep? |
; Group A Strep like S. pneumoniae |
