question

the main goal of education is that

answer

all citizens will have access to, and participate in, the process of becoming educated through a public school system designed to meet their needs

question

colonial education in the 1600s began in the home when puritans established colonies in the New England US. education was designed to

answer

further Puritan values and ensure that children were well versed in the Bible; religious education was synonymous with general education; FAMILY responsible for educating children

question

dame schools

answer

some colonial women transformed their homes into schools where they taught reading, writing, and computation (6 to 8 yrs old); informal day-care; women would do chores and teach them letters, numbers, and prayers, instruction in kitchen with little fee; ONLY schooling offered o girls

question

apprenticeship

answer

another form of education in the colonies where after young boys finished dame school, they were sometimes apprenticed to craftsmen to learn a trade; allowed them to learn a craft they could carry into adulthood

question

however, girls were taught

answer

domestic skills at home and learned to stitch letters and sayings onto embroidered samples (second-rate ed)

question

latin grammar schools

answer

a type of school that flourished in the New England colonies in the 1600s and 1700s. it emphasized Latin and greek and the Bible to prepare young men for college; Boston in 1635; sons of upper social classes

question

Harvard

answer

founded by Puritans in 1636 to enter boys had to pass an entrance exam that required reading and speaking Latin and Greek

question

Old Deluder Satan Act

answer

1647- law by Massachusetts that mandated that every town of fifty households must appoint and pay a teacher of reading and writing and every town of 100 must provide a grammar school to prepare youths for university--first education act that ensured ther would be public schools were children would learn to read and write

question

latin grammar schools in new England colonies and spread to mid-atlantic colonies were run by

answer

an elected board of townspeople and financially supported by the families of the attenders; after finishing dame school or town school, wealthy boys could attend latin grammar school to prepare for college and leadership role in society and girls would continue to study their letters at home while learning domestic chores

question

latin grammar school is considered the forerunners of the US

answer

high school

question

where you live (geographical location) had a great impact on

answer

what type of education was available

question

northern colonies had puritans and people living in towns close together which principally taught the Bible in town schools and became readily available after 1647

answer

true

question

SOCIAL CAPITAL

answer

connections among individuals that give them access to cultural and civic events and institutions; families with social capital know how to get best education for children-comes from wealth, privilege and other marks of social status; know about travel, museums, libraries

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in the first 150 yrs of nationhood, high quality education was readily available only if you were

answer

rich, white and male

question

pressure for scools to provide more and better services for increasingly

answer

diverse array of students

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mid-atlantic colonies had ethnic and religious groups that established diff types of schools and various trades established apprenticeship programs

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true; though some latin grammar schools existed, other private schools developed that were dedicated to job training and practical skills (local control was norm)

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sourthern colonies had a rural population and had

answer

fewer schools; wealthy plantations hired private tutors for their children instead; many sent to Europe for education

question

late colonial era options for schools were

answer

-schools managed by private associations, often devoted to the skills needed for a specific type of job -religious schools sponsored by churches for their members; some charity for urban poor -boarding schools -few private academics offering secondary education with a broader curriculum than the early Latin grammar schools

question

you had to be ______, _______, and _______ to have access to better forms of education in the early colonies

answer

wealthy, white, male

question

several school options required tuition, others had public funds and some used both

answer

true

question

most girls still received _______ schooling after the first few years

answer

true

question

Native American or African Americans had

answer

practically no chance of formal education

question

Pauper's oath

answer

the oath the poor were required to sign in order for them to attend school, but most families did not want to sign it because of humiliation, so most poor children didn't go to school. didn't want to admit poverty

question

Land of Ordinance Act of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787

answer

set aside land for public schools; sending kids to school instead of teaching them at home

question

schools were practical shelters with

answer

one room with benches and a stove; desks and blackboards didn't appear until many years later. no grades were given in the beginning and one teacher worked with several age levels at the same time; kids learned at own pace

question

Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin believed schools should move beyond the education of wealthy men for the ministry to a more broadly based education

answer

true

question

academy

answer

established by Franklin in 1751 that is a type of private secondary school that arose in the late colonial period and came to dominate American secondary education until the establishment of public high schools. They had a more practical curriculum than Latin grammar schools did, and students typically could choose subjects appropriate to their later careers; took place of Latin schools

question

Old Deluder Satan Act was named because puritans believed in the presence of evil in the form of satan, if children studied scriptures, they would need to

answer

resist Satan's temptations, and learning to read would thwart evil

question

Franklin academy in Philadelphia had

answer

variety of subjects like science, math, athletics, navigation, and bookkeeping; open to BOYS AND GIRLS if parents could afford tuition

question

after Declaration of Independence signed, other academies established, but mostly for

answer

boys; (Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass, and Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire

question

academies offered both

answer

elective and required courses; changed model of secondary education. but needed wealth to attend

question

Jefferson and Franklin believed the new democracy required

answer

an educated citizenry for its survival; to work properly it needed informed citizens and an educational system that allows people to succeed on the basis of their skills and dedication rather than inherited privilege

question

common schools

answer

a public, tax-supported elementary school. begun in Massachusetts in the 1820s, common schools aimed to provide a common curriculum for children. Horace Mann, an advocate for the common school, is often considered the "father of the public school"

question

Horace Mann

answer

educational historian and reformer who championed the movement of common schools as promoting civic virtues; ciriticized private academies bc offered different curricula and perpetuated social differences bt priviledged and ordinary citizens

question

common schools spread from massacusetts, to new England, Midwestern, western and finally southern states and became more rapid after the

answer

Civil War

question

1830s and 40s brought expansion in manufacturing and transportation as

answer

immigrants can to the northeast and became important part of economy and factory owners needed a trained workforce

question

population grew in cities and social tensions rose because of

answer

increased poverty, slums, and crime

question

by centralizing the control of public education

answer

schools could be used to uplift the poor, spread dominant national values, and assimilate immigrant children into the English speaking US culture

question

state authorities, not immigrant families would be

answer

in control

question

believed religion couldn't be completely separate from schools because it was part for

answer

moral development

question

main thrust in common schools was three Rs, history, science, and some had regular readings of KJV Bible

answer

reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic

question

parochial schools

answer

a school operated by a religious group. today, in the US, it most often refers to a school governed by the local Catholic parish or diocese; started because Catholic immigrants objected vehemently (1800s)

question

1963 SC ruled that prayers and Bible readings would no longer be allowed in public schools

answer

true

question

more children attended school because

answer

more tax-support

question

immigrants had to have their kids work instead and viewed education as something they

answer

couldn't afford

question

compulsory attendance laws were put into place by each STATE to ensure

answer

immigrant children when to school, not work

question

began with Mass in 1852 and ended with Alaska in 1929

answer

true; eventually legislation restricting employment of children in industrial settings passed by fed government

question

as more industrialization happened and laws were passed more parents saw high school as a pathway to

answer

better jobs for their children

question

by 1890- tax-supported public high schools slowly took hold and became the dominant form of

answer

secondary education

question

1900s- junior high established (7,8,9) but in 1950s middle school established for 5-8 and replaced junior high by end of twentieth century

answer

true

question

emphasis on middle school was

answer

interdisciplinary learning and team teaching

question

1800s school lasted about

answer

75 to 80 days a year because entire family needed to work the farm

question

1830s only half of children attended school and for a short period of time

answer

true

question

end of 1890s, the ____________ drew people to cities for work and common schools flourished, so more children attended (70 percent of kids)

answer

industrial revolution

question

such a great need, new high school added every day in some part of US between

answer

1890 and 1914

question

more diverse students today- girls, women, people of color, the poor are graduating from high school today and post secondary education than ever before

answer

true

question

normal schools

answer

promoted by Horace Mann; a type of teacher-education institution that begun in the 1830s; forerunner of the teachers' college for 2 years; intended to improve quality of growing common school by producing more qualified teachers

question

first normal school was called

answer

The Normal School in Lexington, mass in 1839

question

be end of 1800s eventually became 4 year colleges dedicated to teacher education

answer

true, university of California, los angeles were founded as normal schools

question

only on rare occasion would women get to even teach

answer

young children; assumed women were incapable of discipline necessary to teach effectively

question

normal schools welcomed _______ students and made elementary school teaching a career path for many woman. by 1900, 71 percent of rurarl teachers were women

answer

female

question

after civil war in 1900s teaching became ______ attractive for women wanting to work outside of domestic sphere

answer

more

question

Women weren't allowed to ______

answer

marry

question

"spinster"

answer

stereotype that if teachers married, they would have divided loyalties if they were allowed to marry while being employed teachers; after WWII married women were allowed to enter the teaching profession

question

1950s, teaching became a "feminized" profession; while men did administration and secondary math and science

answer

tue

question

just as its important to have women teaching math, its vital to have men

answer

represented in early childhood and elementary; this breaks down stereotypes for teachers and models for students

question

Booker T. Washington

answer

African American teacher in 1881 who became first head of what was then the Tuskegee Normal School for Colored Teachers in Tuskegee, Alabama and then Tuskegee Institute and now Tuskegee University; advanced education of blacks and reps in teaching profession

question

Catherine Beecher

answer

started Hartford (Connecticut) female seminary in 1828 and made a major contribution to the professional education of women; believed education should prepare women to assume roles of high responsibility in society; believed women should become teachers because extended family roles; with Stanton and Anthony, she promoted educational and political equality for women

question

Tuskegee Normal School prepared black teachers to be self reliant and acquire practical vocational skills in teaching and

answer

agriculture and other occupations

question

WEB Du Bois

answer

graduate of Harvard College and Black scholar, criticized washingtons emphasis on vocational training and insisted that formal education in an academically rich course of study was necessary for black people

question

blacks are more than 15 percent of US and same with latinos, but only about 6 percent are black teachers and 5 percent are hispanic

answer

true

question

blacks are more than 15 percent of US and same with latinos, but only about 6 percent are black teachers and 5 percent are hispanic

answer

true

question

tom combate this problem, state departments of education and many colleges and universities are offering financial incentives to minority students for becoming teachers like

answer

1985, Minority Teacher Recruitment Project at University of Louisville

question

teaching is a profession dedicated to

answer

student learning

question

TJ it's impossible for a nation to be both

answer

free and ignorant

question

to be successful educators we need to make sense of

answer

1. who we are in the world 2. what conditions we believe are important for learning to occur

question

end of Civil war to late 1800s, high school curriculum expanded and retained old subjects like languge and math and new ones as demand arose like

answer

botany, physiology, anatomy, physics, and astronomy

question

students not pursing college education courses like

answer

commercial arithmetic, banking, business correspondence, stenography and typewriting were added

question

opinions on high school were divided

answer

some believed it should groom students for college, others though it should prepare students for more practical endeavors (it was termination of their formal education)

question

Committee of Ten in 1892

answer

ten scholars led by Harvard University President, Charles Eliot, that determined the proper curriculum for high schools ; recommended 8 yrs of elementary school and 4 years of high school and proposed curriculum common for both college bound and terminal students; featured fewer subjects studied for longer time- foreign language, math, science, history, and English; rigorious curriculum

question

1918- NEA reversed course when Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education came out that recommended

answer

a differentiated curriculum for the comprehensive high school, offering four different tracks: college prep, commercial, industrial, and general academic; commericial was bookkeeping, shorthand and typing and industrial was domestic, agricultural and trade endeavors

question

core courses (English, history, foreign language, science, math) all persisted in high school curriculum

answer

true

question

tracking

answer

the practice of placing students in different classes or courses based on achievement test scores or on perceived differences in abilities. Can be identified by ability (high, average, or low) or by the kind of preparation they provide (academic, general, or vocational)

question

1930s William Bagley coined the term

answer

essentialism

question

essentialism

answer

an educational philosophy holding that the purpose of education is to learn specific knowledge provided by core academic disciplines such as mathematics, science, literature, and history. teachers must impart the key elements of these subjects so that all students have access to this basic or "essential" knowledge; basics, Three Rs (reading, riting, rithmetic)

question

believe students take classes in algebra and history, not

answer

ceramics and interpretive dance

question

essentialists assume a common

answer

culture should remain for Americans

question

teachers are the dominant figures and know best, they

answer

transfer their knowledge and wisdom for the good of students "teacher knows best" and students listen to teacher and learn what is taught

question

the most influential educator of the twentieth century

answer

John Dewey

question

Dewey (University of Chicago, pop magazines, in political causes like womens rights)

answer

viewed students as active participants in their own learning; they learn by doing and their interests must be a driving force behind curriculum an classroom experiences

question

progressivism

answer

by Dewey; an educational philosophy that stresses active learning through problem solving projects and hands-on experiences

question

also known as pragmatism

answer

progressive in that it gave more responsiblility to students and pragmatic (practical) because it embedded teaching and learning in the context of daily living; contradicted strict authoritarian model of education that thrived in colonial times and in essentialist approaches

question

Dewey believed

answer

the school is a laboratory where the curriculum was to integrate education with real-life experiences and a child's curiosity defined the process of learning; not bound by rigid rules about what to teach and built on students strengths and talents

question

progressivism adovated a

answer

vibrant school setting with curriculum following interests of students and encouraged active learning and problem solving and assessment of students through close observation by well prepared caring teachers

question

progressivism fell out of favor when US needed stricter teaching during the

answer

Cold War following WWII; Soviets launched Sputnik and had that nation first in space and symbolized what US failed to achieve; therefore, went back to stricter and new wave of essentialism took over and prepared students for engineering

question

1960s was the

answer

"child centered" movement

question

today progressivism seen in "whole language" reading programs, multiage approaches, experiential education, problem-based learning, and student-centered instruction

answer

true

question

perennialism

answer

an educational philosophy that emphasizes enduring ideas conveyed through the study of great works of literature and art. believe in a single core curriculum for everyone

question

perentialism was found a strong expression in 1980s in the Paidei Proposal by

answer

Mortimer Adler

question

Adler proposed one universal curriculum for elementary and secondary students allowing for

answer

no electives; everyone would take same courses and reflect history's finest thinkers and writers

question

differs in essentialism by

answer

placing greater emphasis on classic works of literature, history, art, and philospophy (ancient Greeks and Romans) and on teaching values and moral character; essentialism is okay with practical, vocation-oriented courses like computer skills, but perennialism leaves little room for frivolity like such

question

programs centered on

answer

"great ideas" great books, like University of Chicago, Columbia, some parochial schools

question

Adler emphasized the

answer

Socratic Method

question

Socratic Method

answer

teaching based on extensive discussion with students, less teacher centered than esentialists, little room for flexibility in this curriculum and little opportunity to reflect changing demographics

question

social reconstructionism

answer

an educational philosophy that emphasizes social justice and a curriculum promoting social reform; believe schools must produce an agenda for social change

question

critical theory (Freire)

answer

or critical pedagogy, which stresses that students should learn to challenge oppression. education should tackle real world problems like hunger, violence, poverty, and inequality. students are at center of this curriculum with teacher adovocating social reform

question

focus of the previous 2 are the

answer

transformation of systems of oppression through education to improve the human condition

question

Freire

answer

Brazilian whose experiences living in poverty led him to champion education and literacy as the vehicle for social change; wrote Pedagogy of the Oppressed published in 1970

question

existentialism (Soren Kierkegaard)

answer

takes student-centered learning to an extreme,by Soren Kierkegaard, gained popular notice in mid twentieth century through worse of Jean Paul Sartre; only authoritative truth lies within the individual;

question

defined as

answer

what it rejects-- namely existence of any source of objective truth other than the individual person, who must seek the meaning of his/her own experience; proposes all students make all decisions about their choice of subject matter and activities as they seek to make meaning of their place in the world; not as prominent on US schools as other theories

question

Summerhill

answer

best known model of existentialism in England founded by A.S. Neill in 1921 where students at center of curriculum

question

more than one-third of US public schools have NO color on the faculty

answer

true

question

Maxine Greene

answer

US philosopher, social activist and teacher who has been an active scholar and educator at Teachers College, Columbia University, since 1965 and her belief is that the role of education is to create meaning in the lives of students and teachers through an interaction between knowledge and experience with the world; followed Dewey in that arts essential to human experience and allow to grow socially and culturally

question

aesthetic education

answer

traditionally, this term referred merely to education in the fine arts, like painting and music. In broader view of Maxine Greene and other recent philosophers, however, it means education that enables students to use artistic forms and imagination to approach all fields of learning, including the sciences, and to share their perspectives with others

question

goal of education is to help students realize they aren't responsible for merely for their own individual experiences

answer

but they also have a deep connection to, and responsibility for, other human beings who share this world; asks us to consider how being able to express oneself in a number of "language" like imagery, music, and dance help with meaning of ideas and that teachers and students need to discover their own truths; "wide awakeness", respect for differences, shared perspectives

question

Lincoln Center Insitute for the Arts in Education in NYC founding member, Greene began the

answer

Maxine Greene Foundation for Social Imagination, the Arts, and Education here which prepares teachers to guide students in merging artisitic expression with social justice; break down diversity and encourage equity; liberty of children and imagination of children

question

Mrs. Nelson looking at Starry Night by VanGough is an example and encourages students to make

answer

careful observations; integrates arts in education

question

Dewey and Greenes shared views

answer

-making connections with social issues should be central to school curricula -the arts are creative tools that can expose children to new perspectives and new ways of communicating -learning is an experiential process. Students learn by interacting with material in intellectual and sometimes manipulative ways; that is what "learning by doing" means -all forms of education should emphasize learning by inquiry

question

inquiry

answer

a multifaceted activity that involves making observations, posing questions about subject matter, and conducting research or investigations to develop answers. Inquiry is common to scientific learning but also relevant to other fields

question

Greene thinks that teachers should be ones who have learned importance of being reflective to think about own thinking and become conscious of their own consciousness

answer

true

question

no mention of education in the

answer

Consititution

question

school became domain and responsibility of the

answer

states, and most of control of schools to local communities

question

US schools traditionally run by local school boards and the bulk of money they need is raise through

answer

local taxes; debates on fairness become districts are wealthier

question

local school districts now supply less than _____ of the funding for public schools

answer

half; although local schools happy to receive government money, not always pleased with strings attached, reducing local control over the way schools operate

question

1896 SC ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson

answer

"separate but equal" public facilities for different races were legal and in 1900s found not to be equal and didn't share equally in the resources available for public schooling; had fewer tax dollars and inferior conditions

question

1954 Brown. v Board of Education of Topeka Kansas

answer

case in which the US SC outlawed segregation in public education

question

had impact on South because schools were segregated by law

answer

de jure segregation

question

many northern schools were segregated informally because of separate living patterns for whites and blacks

answer

de facto segregation

question

lots of turmoil and resistance and some educators argue that de facto segregation still exists today in many cities and suburbs of US

answer

true

question

Civil Rights Act of 1964

answer

federal legislation that reinforced the importance of creating educational opportunities for all Americans regardless of race, gender, or ethnicity

question

Bilingual Education Acts of 1968 and 1974

answer

provided supplemental funding for school districts to establish programs for large numbers of children with limited English-language ability

question

Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974

answer

provided specific definitions of what constituted denial of equal educational opportunity like "failure to take the appropriate action to overcome language barriers that impede equal participation by all students in an instructional program

question

percentage of school funds derived from local, state, and federal sources have decreased since the early 1900s while the proportion contributed by federal and state governments has grown

answer

true

question

most extensive federal financing of schools in the US was made possible in 1965 when Congress passed the

answer

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

question

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

answer

part of Johnson's war on poverty bc ensured that federal assistance would be sent to the poorest schools and communities in nation and immediate impact was to provide 1 billion to improve ed of students and families below poverty line; been reauthorized every 5 yrs since

question

Esea is single largest source of federal support for

answer

k-12 education; federal government distributes funds to states and its the states responsibility to identify the schools and districts to receive the funds

question

Title 1

answer

the section of the federal education law that provides funds for compensatory education; creates better opportunities for kids with disadvantages, like high poverty, Head Start (prepares prek for school on not only academics, but health and family environment, tutoring, afterschool centers, computer labs fo poor schools, drop out prevention services, job training, parental ed, and professional development for teachers

question

No child left behind (NCLB) Act of 2002 revised

answer

ESEA and called for states to develop content area standards and annual testing of math and reading in grades 3-8; also gives parents greater choice on where children go to school

question

Title IX of Educational Amendments of 1972

answer

part of the federal Educational Amendments of 1972 that states that no person in the US shall on basis of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance; main objective is to avoid federal money to support sexually discriminating practices

question

Title VI of Civil RIghts act

answer

prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin, which IX was modeled after. but unlike this one that applies to all federal financial assistance, IX is limited to education programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance

question

TItle IX protects males and females from prek thru graduate school in

answer

sports, financial aid, employment, counseling, and school regulations and policies; especially on girls sports activities and facilities bc requires schools provide equal opportunities, funding, and facilities for boys and girls teams, but this enforcement has been fairly lax

question

single sex private school have had

answer

positive experiences; put all girls in physics class in public school and in Australia put all boys in English class-- big controversy

question

Title IV of Civil Rights Act

answer

authorizes federal assistance to prohibit discrimination in education on basis of sex, race, and national origin

question

Title VII

answer

prohibits sex discrimination and other types of employment discrimination both in and outside of education contexts

question

A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform

answer

a 1983 federal report that found US schools in serious trouble and inaugurated a new wave of school reform focused on academic basics and higher standards for student achievement; report issued by National Commission on Excellence in Education; called for tougher standards for graduation, increases required number of math and science courses, higher college entrance requirements and return to academic basics (including computer skills), increase in hw, longer school day, more rigorous requirements for teachers, updated textbooks

question

implied US was at rick of its global competitiveness if attention to skills and standards weren't used to increase academic rigor opposed to progressive concerns in

answer

A Nation at Risk

question

these reforms came from federal government, but implemented in different ways at local, state, and district levels

answer

true

question

1975 Education for all Handicapped Children Act

answer

ensured all children with disabilities could receive free, appropriate public education, just like other children and now known as IDEA

question

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

answer

federal law that guarantees that all children with disabilities receive free, appropriate public education (2004 revised)

question

b4 1975, kids with disabilities were often taught in

answer

separate classrooms, and provided with watered-down curricula; but strong efforst in legislation have been made to include students with disabilities in regular classroms

question

inclusion

answer

the practice of educating students with disabilities in regular classrooms alongside nondisabled students

question

partial inclusion

answer

when special educational needs kids are included in general education classroom some of the time

question

special eduation students

answer

self-contained class as well for students with special needs

question

research shows inclusion benefits both special education students and students from general population

answer

true

question

Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (1989)

answer

language arts, science, social studies, and foreign languges developed standards for wat children at each grade level from prek to 12 should know and be able to do in each content area; states were asked to prepare content standards based on these national guidelines and create assessments to match standards

question

we went to school in standards-based education reform and refers to

answer

clear, measurable, academic standards for all school students in all academic areas; national standards and testing that assesses whether students are meeting those standards is a policy issue that has supporters and critics; bc of NCLB model of considerable rigor, accountablility and strict benchmarks; encourages higher standards for students to meet high standards

question

critics insist curriculum needs to be connected to

answer

students lived experiences and standards will stifle creativity and innovation

question

NCLB (most dramatic federal education legislation since ESEA)

answer

emphasized increased funding for less wealthy school districts and higher achievement for financially poor and minority students; new rules for standardized test requiring students in grades 3-8 be tested every year in reading and math- this made less instruction in science and social studies (still don't know if this actually improved student learning)

question

2012 NCLB will revert to Elementary and Secondary Education Act and providing states with

answer

flexibility from some of NCLB requirements in how they raise standards and undertake essential reforms to improve teacher-effectiveness; means state can determine assessment measure for student performance and don't have to rely on single type of testing and use multiple measures

question

each state will get waivers that let local states and distrcits make

answer

spending decisions and determine best measures for assessing learners bc with NCLB classrooms becoming test prep centers will subjects not tested get too little attention; ppl not a fan of one size fits all formula for achievement and accountability cant work as diverse as ours

question

more schools failed in 2011 than in 2010

answer

true; most feel the standards don't reflect genuine progress and teachers feel they have little freedom

question

Mrs. Bennet used her civil engineering in each grade level to add creativity in schools curriculum and many believe that rigid testing has caused

answer

creative aspects like these to "take a back seat" to prepare for exams

question

although there are many local and national academic standards there is no standard ________!

answer

student

question

Common Core State Standards Initiative by NGA and CCSSO

answer

state-led effort to develop a clear and consistent framework to prepare students for college and the workforce through the collaboration with teachers, school administrators, and experts; standards define knowledge and skills students should have within their k-12 education careers so they can graduate high school to succeed in academic college courses and in workforce training programs

question

2009 first official public draft of college and career readiness standards in English language arts and math were released

answer

true; could be used in any state

question

these common core standards are a significant part of statewide initiatives for educational reform

answer

true

question

Race to the Top (RTTP) initiative

answer

federal funding program that creates a statewide competition for education grants; heavily funded US department of Education initiative that began in 2009 by OBama administration and Secretary of Education Arne Duncan; funding awarded to states that have submitted credible proposals with plans for implementing educational reforms that have the promise to help lowest performing schools as well as provide blueprints for measuring teacher effectiveness and student learning; competition designed to provide states with extra funding for education if they can demonstrate the criteria (PAGE 66); hope it will be an example for states and local districts to follow, in its 3rd yrs and want to innovate design of school with charters

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