Home Page Flashcards Intro to Counseling Test 3 - Flashcards

Intro to Counseling Test 3 – Flashcards

Sean Hill

7 July 2022

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Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following:

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c. a philosophical view of human behavior.

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Behavior therapy assumes that:

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a. behavior is learned.

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Behavior therapy is characterized by:

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the objective assessment of the results of therapy. b. a focus on overt specific behavior. c. the design of an appropriate treatment plan. d. a formulation of precise treatment goals. e. all of these.

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Behavior therapy is based on:

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b. applying the experimental method to the therapeutic proc

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Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in:

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a. self-efficacy.

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The main goal of behavior therapy is:

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a. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.

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Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?

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d. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals

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What is the function of the behavior therapist?

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a. to provide modeling for the client b. to provide a collaborative therapeutic environment c. to assess specific behavior problems d. to provide reinforcement for clients e. all of these.

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Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy?

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c. relaxation training

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Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy?

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d. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.

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All of the following are true about social skills training except:

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d. It requires clients to engage in catharsis.

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Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences?

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e. systematic desensitization

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Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called:

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a. functional assessment.

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Behavior therapy is suited for:

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a. group therapy. b. institutions and clinics. c. classroom learning situations. d. individual therapy. e. all of these.

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In the ABC model, the A stands for:

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c. antecedents

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Which statement is not true?

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b. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.

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Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy?

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e. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.

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Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?

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e. Albert Bandura

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B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?

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a. They serve as a model for the client. b. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning. c. They systematically assess for information about all aspects of the problem. d. They focus on specific aspects of problems. e. All of these are true.

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Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?

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Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until:

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b. Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear.

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What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program?

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d. exploration of one's family constellation

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Which of the following is not one of the seven major areas of personality functioning described by the acronym "BASIC ID"?

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c. aspirations

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Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy?

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e. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.

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In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:

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c. provides a basis for responsible practice.

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Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?

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b. Bandura

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Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning?

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c. the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change

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Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on:

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c. social learning theory.

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Haley has difficulty turning down dates and consistently allows men to take advantage of her. A behavioral intervention that may help Haley establish appropriate boundaries with others and speak up for herself is:

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d. assertion training.

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Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion training?

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b. relaxation

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Which of the following would not be considered a feature of a good self-contract?

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b. It is a verbal agreement between client and therapist.

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A limitation of behavior therapy is:

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a. the overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition. b. the overemphasis upon insight. c. the need for long-term treatment to effect change. d. the lack of empirical research validating its techniques. e. none of these

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During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists:

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a. applied behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness. b. increased their focus on the role of emotion in behavior change. c. continued to emphasize empirically supported treatments. d. adopted a stronger biological perspective. e. all of these

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When practicing mindfulness:

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a. clients learn to focus on one thing at a time and to bring their attention back to the present moment when distractions arise. b. clients learn how to be aware of themselves without being judgmental. c. clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their present experience while at the same time achieving a distance from it. d. clients develop an attitude of curiosity and compassion to present experience. e. all of these.

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Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:

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a. classical conditioning.

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The situation in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them is:

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d. operant conditioning.

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Skinner's view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of:

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c. operant conditioning.

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____involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a certain behavior has occurred.

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c. Negative reinforcement

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In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text?

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a. relapse prevention

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____ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.

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c. Arnold Lazarus.

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All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except:

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b. Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.

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In conducting a behavioral assessment, the client's functioning is taken into account in which area(s)?

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a. cognitive dimensions b. behavioral dimensions c. interpersonal dimensions d. emotional dimensions e. all of these

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What would be the most accurate way of describing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to a friend or colleague?

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a. The approach adopted in the MBSR program is to develop the capacity for sustained directed attention through formal meditation practice. b. MBSR consists of the notion that much of our distress and suffering results from continually wanting things to be different from how they actually are. c. MBSR does not actively teach cognitive modification techniques, nor does it label certain cognitions as "dysfunctional," because this is not consistent with the nonjudgmental attitude one strives to cultivate in mindfulness practice. d. MBSR aims to assist people in learning how to live more fully in the present rather than ruminating about the past or being overly concerned about the future. e. All of these.

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Behavior therapists tend to:

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a. be active and directive. c. function as problem solvers. b. function as consultants. d. all of these

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All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:

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c. hypnosis.

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Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:

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b. flooding.

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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from:

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d. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy.

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Self-management strategies include:

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a. self-contracting. b. self-award. c. self-monitoring. d. stimulus control. e. all of these

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If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?

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d. self-management

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Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but:

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c. a time-limited intervention.

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In acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), another way to describe the term "acceptance" is:

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c. nonjudgmental awareness.

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Lazarus argues in favor of:

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c. technical eclecticism.

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Sergio is co-leading a social skills group for children with Aspergers. He and his co-leader must collect data on group members' progress:

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d. before, during, and after all interventions.

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The premise of the exposure-based therapies is that anxiety is reduced through:

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a. pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response.

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In group settings, behavior therapists provide all of the following except:

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c. little direct feedback.

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The key principle in applied behavior analysis is:

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c. to use the least aversive means to change behavior.

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In vivo flooding consists of:

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d. intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-producing stimuli.

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EMDR is typically used to help clients:

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d. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events.

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Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes?

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a. a more precise focus on psychopathology

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Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?

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e. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen practices.

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Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.

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Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.

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Some counselors feel behavior therapy is too focused on symptoms and not causes of problems.

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Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.

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Behavior therapy has been successfully used with developmentally delayed clients.

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Modeling methods have been used in treating people with snake phobias and in teaching new behaviors to socially disturbed children.

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A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking and "self-talk" as a factor in behavior.

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Some researchers believe that fear of flying may be due primarily to claustrophobia.

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A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of obtaining important information related to the client's problem.

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Research has shown that behavior therapists are more self-disclosing than psychoanalytic therapists.

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Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one's thoughts.

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Multimodal therapy encourages its practitioners to fit their procedures to the needs of the client by borrowing techniques from many other approaches.

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Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

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There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.

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Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.

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Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.

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Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.

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Multimodal therapy does not fit well with the goals and aspirations of managed care.

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The basic therapeutic conditions stressed by person-centered therapists can be integrated into a behavioral framework.

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Evidence-based procedures are a part of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.

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Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.

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Behavior therapy groups employ a long-term treatment model.

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Acceptance and commitment therapy is not a mindfulness based approach.

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Both Linehan and Lazurus emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship in behavioral treatments.

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There is little empirical support for ACT.

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The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is:

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c. Albert Ellis.

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Rational emotive behavior therapy belongs to which category of therapy?

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d. cognitive-behavior/action oriented

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The cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy stresses:

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e. thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing

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The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:

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c. activating event, belief, consequence.

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REBT views emotional disturbances as the result of

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d. irrational thinking and behaving.

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According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?

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a. blame

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REBT contends that people:

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b. do not need to be accepted and loved.

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Which of the following statements does not reflect one of Ellis's three basic musts?

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c. "I must be kind to others or else I won't be a good person."

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REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems?

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a. the empirical method

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The main therapeutic goal of REBT is:

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a. to teach clients how to recognize which ego state they are in. b. to challenge the client in making both a value judgment and moral decision about the quality of his or her behavior. c. to make the unconscious conscious. d. to assist the client in becoming aware of his or her "being-in-the-world." e. none of these

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The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to:

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d. challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life.

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REBT can best be considered as:

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a. a teaching/learning process. b. an educative process. c. a didactic process. d. a process challenging ideas and thinking. e. all of these.

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Who developed a cognitive behavioral program for diet and maintenance and has written trade books about this topic?

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e. Judith Beck

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The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a:

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b. student or learner.

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Which method is not employed in REBT?

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e. free association

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Which theorist is known for his or her abrasive, humorous, and flamboyant style?

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a. Albert Ellis

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Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy?

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d. Judith Beck

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A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is:

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c. its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.

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Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the options below except:

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d. conducting a lifestyle assessment.

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Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process, it is likely that she will:

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c. be taught to view any lapses that occur as "learning opportunities" rather than "catastrophic failures."

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Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress-inoculation program?

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e. conceptual-rehearsal-application

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According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because:

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e. we think of simple preferences as dire needs.

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An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from:

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b. the internal repetition of irrational sentences.

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In REBT, what method is taught to clients to help them challenge irrational beliefs?

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e. disputational method

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Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational emotive behavior therapist?

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d. It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance.

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Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking?

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c. cognitive homework

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According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because:

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a. language shapes thinking and behavior. b. language shapes feelings. c. imprecise language is one of the causes of distorted thinking processes. d. all of these

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The REBT technique that involves having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel inappropriate feelings is called:

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c. rational-emotive imagery.

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Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT?

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d. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.

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Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?"

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c. shame-attacking exercises

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All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that:

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a. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy.

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Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills program?

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e. evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests

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All of the following are cognitive methods of REBT except for:

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d. shame-attacking exercises

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Which of the following is not true of Beck's cognitive therapy?

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d. It asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems.

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One of the main ways that Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT is that in Beck's approach, more so than in Ellis's approach:

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d. the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process.

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In Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification, what is given primary importance?

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b. inner speech

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Stress inoculation training consists of all of the following except:

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d. tapping into the unconscious realm.

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One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that:

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a. emphasis is placed on symptom prevention.

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In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to:

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e. assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living.

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The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as:

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b. polarized thinking.

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Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that Beck's approach emphasizes:

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a. working with the client in collaborative ways. b. helping clients to discover their misconceptions by themselves. c. more of a Socratic dialogue. d. more structure in the therapy process. e. all of these

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Beck's cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of:

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b. Cardiovascular Disorders

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The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence is:

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a. arbitrary inferences.

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The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event is:

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a. selective abstraction.

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The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings is known as:

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d. overgeneralization.

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The tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection, is known as:

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e. personalization.

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The cognitive distortion that involves portraying one's identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one's true identity is:

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b. labeling and mislabeling.

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To a large degree, cognitive therapy is:

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d. a psychoeducational model.

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The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory?

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a. Beck

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Of the following cognitive techniques, which one would Beck be least likely to employ?

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b. confronting the musturbatory thinking of a client

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According to Meichenbaum, the first step in the change process involves:

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b. observing one's behavior and thinking patterns.

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The constructivist perspective in cognitive therapy holds that:

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c. there are multiple realities and a therapist's task is to help clients appreciate how they construct their realities and how they author their own stories.

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of Meichenbaum's constructivist approach to cognitive behavior therapy?

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a. It is more structured and more directive than standard cognitive therapy.

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Jim told Margie, a cognitive therapist who has adopted a constructivist perspective, that he is a prisoner of his dysfunctional past. Margie should do all of the following except:

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d. steer Jim away from telling his story since storytelling is regarded as a form of resistance.

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Cognitive behavioral therapists assist clients in using language that:

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a. replaces absolutes with preferences. b. depicts the client's thoughts in a rational and accurate manner. c. is not self-condemning. d. all of these

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Which of the following statements is true with regard to the fit between the cognitive behavioral approaches and multicultural counseling?

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c. There is an "almost perfect fit" between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural counseling because these perspectives share common assumptions that make integration possible.

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Roberto, who struggles with feeling inadequate as a provider and husband, has come to work with a cognitive behavioral therapist. In addition to feeling inadequate, he feels angry that he has been marginalized by the mainstream culture. As his therapist, you should do all of the following except:

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b. impress Roberto with your use of jargon to reinforce that you are the expert.

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A noteworthy strength of the cognitive behavioral approaches is:

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b. they have strong empirical support.

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To what does the term "cognitive triad" refer?

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d. It is a pattern that triggers depression.

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Which stage is not included in Meichenbaum's model for stress inoculation training

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b. the cognition deconstruction phase

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Ellis contends that research has shown that REBT is effective in helping all types of clients.

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Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach does not work well in group therapy.

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Bibliotherapeutic approaches have empirical support for the treatment of depression, for a variety of anxiety disorders, and for a range of clinical problems.

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Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the therapy session.

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Ellis maintains that REBT is an eclectic form of therapy.

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Ellis was originally trained as a psychoanalyst.

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According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation of these events that causes the problem.

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REBT hypothesizes that we keep ourselves emotionally disturbed by the process of self-indoctrination.

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Ellis suggests that most clients attend both individual and group therapy at some point in time.

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REBT contends that humans need the love and acceptance of significant others in order to feel worthwhile.

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Part of Ellis's motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems.

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The cognitive-behavioral therapies are largely based on the idea that the reorganization of clients' self-statements is a key to changing their behavior.

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There is no concept in REBT that in any way agrees with Rogers's idea of unconditional positive regard.

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Rational-emotive imagery involves teaching relaxation techniques.

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REBT can be effectively employed in crisis intervention.

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According to REBT, what is rational corresponds to a description of subjective reality.

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Beck's therapeutic approach focuses on specific symptoms of depressed clients and the reasons they give for these symptoms.

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Since humor shows the absurdity of certain ideas that clients steadfastly maintain, it is always inappropriate to use in sessions as it might be perceived as offensive.

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Stress inoculation is a coping-skills approach designed to change a person's self-statements.

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From a cognitive perspective, depression is largely due to one's attitudes and beliefs.

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There is little empirical support for the application of the cognitive behavioral approach to group counseling.

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To varying degrees, most CBT interventions are integrated models of psychotherapy.

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In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in family schemata.

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According to Beck, selective abstraction is used by clients to reinforce negative schemas and support their maladaptive core beliefs.

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In CBT, clients and counselor jointly set the agenda for the therapy session.

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Sandra is a reality therapist who is meeting her client Paul, who struggles with career indecision, for the first time. How might she begin her work with Paul?

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c. by asking Paul what he wants from therapy

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Reality therapy is best categorized as:

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e. a form of cognitive behavior therapy.

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Reality therapy has gained popularity with:

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a. school teachers, both elementary and secondary. b. rehabilitation workers. c. school counselors and administrators. d. all of the above

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Reality therapy is best described as:

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e. a short-term therapy that stresses doing.

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The client's quality world consists of all of the following except:

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d. insight.

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WDEP stands for:

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a. wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning.

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Which of the following is not a component of total behavior?

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e. wanting

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A reality therapist would most likely respond to a client's complaint of melancholy, sad mood by saying:

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c. "Sounds like you're depressing."

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The function of the reality therapist is:

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b. to assist clients in dealing with the present.

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Wubboding believes all of the following encourage the client's involvement in therapy except for:

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d. allowing the client to focus on symptoms.

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In reality therapy, the counseling environment is:

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a. characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures .

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Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy?

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a. exploring a client's quality world b. the use of questioning c. behavior-oriented methods d. designing an action plan e. all of these

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What is Robert Wubbolding likely to say about people's problems?

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d. "People don't have problems, they have solutions that have not worked."

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Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?

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d. reliving an early childhood event

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Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist?

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c. focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a "success identity"

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All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy, except:

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b. A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.

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Reality therapy is based on which of the following orientations to understanding human behavior?

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c. existential-phenomenological

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What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions?

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a. Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions.

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Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following except for:

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a. asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.

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A reality therapist will primarily focus on:

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c. present behavior.

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When reality therapists explore a client's past, they tend to focus on:

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c. past successes.

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In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is:

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a. to arrange for successful experience.

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In reality therapy, when a client fails to carry out their plans, the therapist will:

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b. challenge the client to accept the reasonable consequence of his or her behavior.

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Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality therapy?

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a. It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the nature of changes.

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Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:

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d. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.

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Glasser would agree with all of the following conclusions except:

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c. We are most likely to change if we are threatened by punishment.

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The core of reality therapy consists of:

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b. teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.

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A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is:

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b. oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.

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All of the following are procedures that are commonly used in reality therapy except:

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b. exploring early recollections.

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Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?

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a. asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience

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In a reality therapy group, the leader:

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c. may encounter resistance from members when providing suggestions for how clients can best get what they want.

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All of the following are key characteristics of contemporary reality therapy except for:

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c. There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.

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Which of these statements is not true?

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a. Reality therapy does not lend itself to a group format.

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In working with Japanese clients, a reality therapist might do which of the following when asking clients to make plans and commit to them?

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c. The therapist might be likely to accept "I'll try" as a firm commitment.

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According to Glasser, many of the problems of clients are caused by:

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e. their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives.

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Reality therapists believe in a biological basis for mental illness.

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Reality therapy is not well-suited to group counseling.

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Reality therapy cautions against the therapist mentoring the client.

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Glasser believes the need to love and to belong are secondary needs.

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According to reality therapists, we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us.

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One of the procedures of reality therapy is to work through unfinished business from the past.

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Reality therapists see therapeutic value in working with a client's dreams.

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Glasser's more recent writings give more emphasis to a noncritical, nonjudgmental, and accepting attitude on the therapist's part.

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Reality therapists ask clients to take a hard look at whether their current actions are working for them.

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Reality therapy sees transference as a way for the therapist to avoid getting personally involved in the clients' lives.

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The core of reality therapy is developing a plan for change as a way of translating talk into action.

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The first step in the process of reality therapy consists of a comprehensive assessment leading to a specific diagnosis.

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Commitment puts the responsibility directly on clients for changing.

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Reality therapists refuse to accept excuses.

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Reality therapists use punishment as a way to help clients follow through with their plans and commitments.

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Reality therapy tends to be a long-term approach.

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Reality therapy is a popular approach in correctional work.

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Therapeutic contracts are frequently used in reality therapy.

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Reality therapy is basically active, directive, practical, didactic, cognitive, and behavioral.

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Choice theory is based on the assumption that people are in charge of their own destiny.

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Reality therapists maintain that clients will not change unless they assume a self-critical attitude.

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Glasser recommends that therapists look back for the causes of a client's present failures.

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A main function of the reality therapist is to encourage clients to assess their behavior to determine how well it is working for them.

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Reality therapy is often used in treating drug and alcohol abusers.

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It is the job of the reality therapist to convey the idea that no matter how bad things are there is hope.

answer

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The SAMIC3 plan is an essential part of the evaluation phase of the WDEP system.

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Robert Wubbolding stresses the importance of an engaging therapeutic environment.

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Regarding group work, members provide one another with feedback regarding their choices and plans.

answer

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Reality therapy has strong empirical support.

answer

1 of

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question

Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following:

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c. a philosophical view of human behavior.

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Behavior therapy assumes that:

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a. behavior is learned.

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Behavior therapy is characterized by:

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Behavior therapy is based on:

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b. applying the experimental method to the therapeutic proc

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a. self-efficacy.

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The main goal of behavior therapy is:

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a. eliminating maladaptive learning and providing for more effective learning.

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Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?

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d. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals

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What is the function of the behavior therapist?

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a. to provide modeling for the client b. to provide a collaborative therapeutic environment c. to assess specific behavior problems d. to provide reinforcement for clients e. all of these.

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Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy?

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c. relaxation training

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Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy?

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d. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.

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All of the following are true about social skills training except:

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d. It requires clients to engage in catharsis.

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Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences?

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e. systematic desensitization

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Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called:

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a. functional assessment.

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Behavior therapy is suited for:

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a. group therapy. b. institutions and clinics. c. classroom learning situations. d. individual therapy. e. all of these.

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In the ABC model, the A stands for:

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c. antecedents

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Which statement is not true?

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b. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.

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Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy?

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e. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.

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Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?

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e. Albert Bandura

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B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?

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Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?

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Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until:

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b. Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear.

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What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program?

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d. exploration of one's family constellation

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Which of the following is not one of the seven major areas of personality functioning described by the acronym "BASIC ID"?

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c. aspirations

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Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy?

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e. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.

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In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:

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c. provides a basis for responsible practice.

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Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?

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b. Bandura

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Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning?

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c. the integration of thoughts and feelings in the process of behavior change

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Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on:

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c. social learning theory.

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d. assertion training.

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Which of the following clinical strategies is not necessarily employed during assertion training?

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b. relaxation

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Which of the following would not be considered a feature of a good self-contract?

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b. It is a verbal agreement between client and therapist.

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A limitation of behavior therapy is:

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During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists:

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When practicing mindfulness:

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Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:

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a. classical conditioning.

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The situation in which behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them is:

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d. operant conditioning.

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Skinner's view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of:

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c. operant conditioning.

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____involves the removal of unpleasant stimuli from a situation once a certain behavior has occurred.

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c. Negative reinforcement

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In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text?

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a. relapse prevention

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____ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.

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c. Arnold Lazarus.

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All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except:

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b. Behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.

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In conducting a behavioral assessment, the client's functioning is taken into account in which area(s)?

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a. cognitive dimensions b. behavioral dimensions c. interpersonal dimensions d. emotional dimensions e. all of these

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What would be the most accurate way of describing mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to a friend or colleague?

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Behavior therapists tend to:

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a. be active and directive. c. function as problem solvers. b. function as consultants. d. all of these

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All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for:

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c. hypnosis.

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Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but:

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b. flooding.

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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from:

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d. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy.

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Self-management strategies include:

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a. self-contracting. b. self-award. c. self-monitoring. d. stimulus control. e. all of these

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If your client wanted to change a behavior, for instance, learning to control smoking, drinking, or eating, which behavioral technique would be most appropriate to employ?

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d. self-management

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Techniques that differentiate behavioral group therapy from other models of group work include all but:

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c. a time-limited intervention.

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In acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), another way to describe the term "acceptance" is:

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c. nonjudgmental awareness.

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Lazarus argues in favor of:

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c. technical eclecticism.

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Sergio is co-leading a social skills group for children with Aspergers. He and his co-leader must collect data on group members' progress:

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d. before, during, and after all interventions.

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The premise of the exposure-based therapies is that anxiety is reduced through:

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a. pairing a feared stimulus with a competing, calming response.

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In group settings, behavior therapists provide all of the following except:

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c. little direct feedback.

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The key principle in applied behavior analysis is:

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c. to use the least aversive means to change behavior.

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In vivo flooding consists of:

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d. intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-producing stimuli.

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EMDR is typically used to help clients:

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d. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events.

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Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes?

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a. a more precise focus on psychopathology

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Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?

answer

e. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen practices.

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Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.

answer

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Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.

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Some counselors feel behavior therapy is too focused on symptoms and not causes of problems.

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Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.

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Behavior therapy has been successfully used with developmentally delayed clients.

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Modeling methods have been used in treating people with snake phobias and in teaching new behaviors to socially disturbed children.

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A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking and "self-talk" as a factor in behavior.

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Some researchers believe that fear of flying may be due primarily to claustrophobia.

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A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of obtaining important information related to the client's problem.

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Research has shown that behavior therapists are more self-disclosing than psychoanalytic therapists.

answer

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Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one's thoughts.

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Multimodal therapy encourages its practitioners to fit their procedures to the needs of the client by borrowing techniques from many other approaches.

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Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.

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There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.

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Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.

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Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.

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Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.

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Multimodal therapy does not fit well with the goals and aspirations of managed care.

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The basic therapeutic conditions stressed by person-centered therapists can be integrated into a behavioral framework.

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Evidence-based procedures are a part of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.

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Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.

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Behavior therapy groups employ a long-term treatment model.

answer

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Acceptance and commitment therapy is not a mindfulness based approach.

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Both Linehan and Lazurus emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship in behavioral treatments.

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There is little empirical support for ACT.

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The founder of rational emotive behavior therapy is:

answer

c. Albert Ellis.

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Rational emotive behavior therapy belongs to which category of therapy?

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d. cognitive-behavior/action oriented

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The cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy stresses:

answer

e. thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing

question

The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:

answer

c. activating event, belief, consequence.

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REBT views emotional disturbances as the result of

answer

d. irrational thinking and behaving.

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According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?

answer

a. blame

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REBT contends that people:

answer

b. do not need to be accepted and loved.

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Which of the following statements does not reflect one of Ellis's three basic musts?

answer

c. "I must be kind to others or else I won't be a good person."

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REBT employs what kind of method to help people resolve their emotional and behavioral problems?

answer

a. the empirical method

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The main therapeutic goal of REBT is:

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The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to:

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d. challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life.

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REBT can best be considered as:

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a. a teaching/learning process. b. an educative process. c. a didactic process. d. a process challenging ideas and thinking. e. all of these.

question

Who developed a cognitive behavioral program for diet and maintenance and has written trade books about this topic?

answer

e. Judith Beck

question

The role of the client in rational emotive behavior therapy is like that of a:

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b. student or learner.

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Which method is not employed in REBT?

answer

e. free association

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Which theorist is known for his or her abrasive, humorous, and flamboyant style?

answer

a. Albert Ellis

question

Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy?

answer

d. Judith Beck

question

A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is:

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c. its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral disturbance.

question

Beck's cognitive therapy involves all of the options below except:

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d. conducting a lifestyle assessment.

question

Sonia, a recovering alcoholic, is going through relapse prevention. During this process, it is likely that she will:

answer

c. be taught to view any lapses that occur as "learning opportunities" rather than "catastrophic failures."

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Which of the following is the correct order of the three phases of Meichenbaum's stress-inoculation program?

answer

e. conceptual-rehearsal-application

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According to Ellis, we develop emotional and behavioral difficulties because:

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e. we think of simple preferences as dire needs.

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An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from:

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b. the internal repetition of irrational sentences.

question

In REBT, what method is taught to clients to help them challenge irrational beliefs?

answer

e. disputational method

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Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational emotive behavior therapist?

answer

d. It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance.

question

Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking?

answer

c. cognitive homework

question

According to REBT, it is important to change the way one uses language because:

answer

a. language shapes thinking and behavior. b. language shapes feelings. c. imprecise language is one of the causes of distorted thinking processes. d. all of these

question

The REBT technique that involves having clients imagine themselves in situations where they feel inappropriate feelings is called:

answer

c. rational-emotive imagery.

question

Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT?

answer

d. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.

question

Which REBT technique involves having the client do the very thing they avoid because of "what people might think?"

answer

c. shame-attacking exercises

question

All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that:

answer

a. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called self-induced change therapy.

question

Which of the following is not part of the five-step treatment procedure used in a coping-skills program?

answer

e. evaluating the anxiety level of the client by using both physiological and psychological tests

question

All of the following are cognitive methods of REBT except for:

answer

d. shame-attacking exercises

question

Which of the following is not true of Beck's cognitive therapy?

answer

d. It asserts that irrational beliefs lead to emotional problems.

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One of the main ways that Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT is that in Beck's approach, more so than in Ellis's approach:

answer

d. the quality of the therapeutic relationship is basic to the therapy process.

question

In Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification, what is given primary importance?

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b. inner speech

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Stress inoculation training consists of all of the following except:

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d. tapping into the unconscious realm.

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One strength of cognitive behavioral therapy group counseling is that:

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a. emphasis is placed on symptom prevention.

question

In cognitive therapy, techniques are designed to:

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e. assist individuals in making alternative interpretations of events in their daily living.

question

The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms, or in categorizing experiences in either/or extremes, is known as:

answer

b. polarized thinking.

question

Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that Beck's approach emphasizes:

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Beck's cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of:

answer

b. Cardiovascular Disorders

question

The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant evidence is:

answer

a. arbitrary inferences.

question

The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail of an event is:

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a. selective abstraction.

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The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings is known as:

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d. overgeneralization.

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The tendency for individuals to relate external events to themselves, even when there is no basis for making this connection, is known as:

answer

e. personalization.

question

The cognitive distortion that involves portraying one's identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one's true identity is:

answer

b. labeling and mislabeling.

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To a large degree, cognitive therapy is:

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d. a psychoeducational model.

question

The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory?

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a. Beck

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Of the following cognitive techniques, which one would Beck be least likely to employ?

answer

b. confronting the musturbatory thinking of a client

question

According to Meichenbaum, the first step in the change process involves:

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b. observing one's behavior and thinking patterns.

question

The constructivist perspective in cognitive therapy holds that:

answer

c. there are multiple realities and a therapist's task is to help clients appreciate how they construct their realities and how they author their own stories.

question

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Meichenbaum's constructivist approach to cognitive behavior therapy?

answer

a. It is more structured and more directive than standard cognitive therapy.

question

Jim told Margie, a cognitive therapist who has adopted a constructivist perspective, that he is a prisoner of his dysfunctional past. Margie should do all of the following except:

answer

d. steer Jim away from telling his story since storytelling is regarded as a form of resistance.

question

Cognitive behavioral therapists assist clients in using language that:

answer

a. replaces absolutes with preferences. b. depicts the client's thoughts in a rational and accurate manner. c. is not self-condemning. d. all of these

question

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the fit between the cognitive behavioral approaches and multicultural counseling?

answer

c. There is an "almost perfect fit" between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural counseling because these perspectives share common assumptions that make integration possible.

question

answer

b. impress Roberto with your use of jargon to reinforce that you are the expert.

question

A noteworthy strength of the cognitive behavioral approaches is:

answer

b. they have strong empirical support.

question

To what does the term "cognitive triad" refer?

answer

d. It is a pattern that triggers depression.

question

Which stage is not included in Meichenbaum's model for stress inoculation training

answer

b. the cognition deconstruction phase

question

Ellis contends that research has shown that REBT is effective in helping all types of clients.

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question

Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach does not work well in group therapy.

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Bibliotherapeutic approaches have empirical support for the treatment of depression, for a variety of anxiety disorders, and for a range of clinical problems.

answer

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Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the therapy session.

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Ellis maintains that REBT is an eclectic form of therapy.

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Ellis was originally trained as a psychoanalyst.

answer

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According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation of these events that causes the problem.

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REBT hypothesizes that we keep ourselves emotionally disturbed by the process of self-indoctrination.

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Ellis suggests that most clients attend both individual and group therapy at some point in time.

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REBT contends that humans need the love and acceptance of significant others in order to feel worthwhile.

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Part of Ellis's motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems.

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The cognitive-behavioral therapies are largely based on the idea that the reorganization of clients' self-statements is a key to changing their behavior.

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There is no concept in REBT that in any way agrees with Rogers's idea of unconditional positive regard.

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question

Rational-emotive imagery involves teaching relaxation techniques.

answer

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REBT can be effectively employed in crisis intervention.

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question

According to REBT, what is rational corresponds to a description of subjective reality.

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Beck's therapeutic approach focuses on specific symptoms of depressed clients and the reasons they give for these symptoms.

answer

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Since humor shows the absurdity of certain ideas that clients steadfastly maintain, it is always inappropriate to use in sessions as it might be perceived as offensive.

answer

question

Stress inoculation is a coping-skills approach designed to change a person's self-statements.

answer

question

From a cognitive perspective, depression is largely due to one's attitudes and beliefs.

answer

question

There is little empirical support for the application of the cognitive behavioral approach to group counseling.

answer

question

To varying degrees, most CBT interventions are integrated models of psychotherapy.

answer

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In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in family schemata.

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According to Beck, selective abstraction is used by clients to reinforce negative schemas and support their maladaptive core beliefs.

answer

question

In CBT, clients and counselor jointly set the agenda for the therapy session.

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question

Sandra is a reality therapist who is meeting her client Paul, who struggles with career indecision, for the first time. How might she begin her work with Paul?

answer

c. by asking Paul what he wants from therapy

question

Reality therapy is best categorized as:

answer

e. a form of cognitive behavior therapy.

question

Reality therapy has gained popularity with:

answer

a. school teachers, both elementary and secondary. b. rehabilitation workers. c. school counselors and administrators. d. all of the above

question

Reality therapy is best described as:

answer

e. a short-term therapy that stresses doing.

question

The client's quality world consists of all of the following except:

answer

d. insight.

question

WDEP stands for:

answer

a. wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning.

question

Which of the following is not a component of total behavior?

answer

e. wanting

question

A reality therapist would most likely respond to a client's complaint of melancholy, sad mood by saying:

answer

c. "Sounds like you're depressing."

question

The function of the reality therapist is:

answer

b. to assist clients in dealing with the present.

question

Wubboding believes all of the following encourage the client's involvement in therapy except for:

answer

d. allowing the client to focus on symptoms.

question

In reality therapy, the counseling environment is:

answer

a. characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures .

question

Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy?

answer

a. exploring a client's quality world b. the use of questioning c. behavior-oriented methods d. designing an action plan e. all of these

question

What is Robert Wubbolding likely to say about people's problems?

answer

d. "People don't have problems, they have solutions that have not worked."

question

Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?

answer

d. reliving an early childhood event

question

Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist?

answer

c. focusing on areas in the client's life that need improvement so that he or she can achieve a "success identity"

question

All of the following are true about planning and commitment in reality therapy, except:

answer

b. A great deal of time is spent on this step of reality therapy.

question

Reality therapy is based on which of the following orientations to understanding human behavior?

answer

c. existential-phenomenological

question

What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions?

answer

a. Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions.

question

Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following except for:

answer

a. asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.

question

A reality therapist will primarily focus on:

answer

c. present behavior.

question

When reality therapists explore a client's past, they tend to focus on:

answer

c. past successes.

question

In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is:

answer

a. to arrange for successful experience.

question

In reality therapy, when a client fails to carry out their plans, the therapist will:

answer

b. challenge the client to accept the reasonable consequence of his or her behavior.

question

Which of the following is (are) a contribution of reality therapy?

answer

a. It provides a structure for both clients and therapist to evaluate the degree and the nature of changes.

question

Reality therapy rests on the central idea that:

answer

d. we choose our behavior and are responsible for what we do, think, and feel.

question

Glasser would agree with all of the following conclusions except:

answer

c. We are most likely to change if we are threatened by punishment.

question

The core of reality therapy consists of:

answer

b. teaching clients to take effective control of their own lives.

question

A limitation of this approach as it applies to multicultural counseling is:

answer

b. oppressed clients may have little choice over their circumstances.

question

All of the following are procedures that are commonly used in reality therapy except:

answer

b. exploring early recollections.

question

Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?

answer

a. asking a client to emotionally reexperience a childhood experience

question

In a reality therapy group, the leader:

answer

c. may encounter resistance from members when providing suggestions for how clients can best get what they want.

question

All of the following are key characteristics of contemporary reality therapy except for:

answer

c. There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.

question

Which of these statements is not true?

answer

a. Reality therapy does not lend itself to a group format.

question

In working with Japanese clients, a reality therapist might do which of the following when asking clients to make plans and commit to them?

answer

c. The therapist might be likely to accept "I'll try" as a firm commitment.

question

According to Glasser, many of the problems of clients are caused by:

answer

e. their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives.

question

Reality therapists believe in a biological basis for mental illness.

answer

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Reality therapy is not well-suited to group counseling.

answer

question

Reality therapy cautions against the therapist mentoring the client.

answer

question

Glasser believes the need to love and to belong are secondary needs.

answer

question

According to reality therapists, we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us.

answer

question

One of the procedures of reality therapy is to work through unfinished business from the past.

answer

question

Reality therapists see therapeutic value in working with a client's dreams.

answer

question

Glasser's more recent writings give more emphasis to a noncritical, nonjudgmental, and accepting attitude on the therapist's part.

answer

question

Reality therapists ask clients to take a hard look at whether their current actions are working for them.

answer

question

Reality therapy sees transference as a way for the therapist to avoid getting personally involved in the clients' lives.

answer

question

The core of reality therapy is developing a plan for change as a way of translating talk into action.

answer

question

The first step in the process of reality therapy consists of a comprehensive assessment leading to a specific diagnosis.

answer

question

Commitment puts the responsibility directly on clients for changing.

answer

question

Reality therapists refuse to accept excuses.

answer

question

Reality therapists use punishment as a way to help clients follow through with their plans and commitments.

answer

question

Reality therapy tends to be a long-term approach.

answer

question

Reality therapy is a popular approach in correctional work.

answer

question

Therapeutic contracts are frequently used in reality therapy.

answer

question

Reality therapy is basically active, directive, practical, didactic, cognitive, and behavioral.

answer

question

Choice theory is based on the assumption that people are in charge of their own destiny.

answer

question

Reality therapists maintain that clients will not change unless they assume a self-critical attitude.

answer

question

Glasser recommends that therapists look back for the causes of a client's present failures.

answer

question

A main function of the reality therapist is to encourage clients to assess their behavior to determine how well it is working for them.

answer

question

Reality therapy is often used in treating drug and alcohol abusers.

answer

question

It is the job of the reality therapist to convey the idea that no matter how bad things are there is hope.

answer

question

The SAMIC3 plan is an essential part of the evaluation phase of the WDEP system.

answer

question

Robert Wubbolding stresses the importance of an engaging therapeutic environment.

answer

question

Regarding group work, members provide one another with feedback regarding their choices and plans.

answer

question

Reality therapy has strong empirical support.

answer

Intro to Counseling Test 3 – Flashcards

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