intro to chem words – Flashcards

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diatomic molecule
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a molecule that consists of 2 atoms
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electron
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a subatomic particle that has a very low mass and caries a single negative charge
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empirical formula
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an expression showing the types of elements present and the simplest ratios of the different kinds of atoms
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family
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the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table
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groups
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the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table
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halogens
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the nonmetallic elements in group 7A (f,Cl,Br,I,&At)
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Hydrate
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compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
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Inorganic compounds
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compounds other than organic compounds
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ion
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an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
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ionic compound
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any neutral compound containing cations and anions
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monatomic ion
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an ion that contains only one atom
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neutron
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a subatomic particle that bears no net electric charge. its mass is slightly greater that its protons
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noble gasses
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Nonmetallic elements in group 8A (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
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nonmetal
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elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
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nucleus
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the central core of an atom
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organic compounds
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compounds that contain carbon, usually in combination with elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
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periods
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a horizontal row of the periodic table
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periods
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a horizontal row of the periodic table
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periodic table
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a tubular arrangement of the elements
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polyatomic molecule
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a molecule that consists of more than 2 atoms
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polyatomic ion
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an ion that contains more than one atom
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proton
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a subatomic particle having a single positive electric charge. The mass of a proton is about 1840 times that of an electron
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acid
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a substance that yields hydrogen icons (H+)when it is dissolved in water
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alkali metal
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the group 1A elements (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr)
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alkaline earth metals
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the group 2A elements (Be,Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra)
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allotrope
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two or more forms of the same element that differ significantly in chemical and physical properties
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anion
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an ion with a net negative charge
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atom
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the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combination
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atomic number
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(z) the number of protons in the neucleus of an atom
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base
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a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-)when dissolved in water
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Binary compound
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compounds formed from just 2 elements
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cation
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an ion with a net positive charge
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c
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cation
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an ion with a net positive charge
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chemical formula
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an expression showing the chemical composition of a compound in terms of the symbols for the atoms of the elements involved
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law of conservation of mass
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the total quantity of energy in the universe is constant
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law of definite proportions
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different samples of the same compound always contain it's constituent elements in the same proportions by mass
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law of multiple proportions
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if 2 elements can combine to form more than one type of compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are ratios of small whole numbers
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mass number (a)
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the total number of neutrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom
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metal
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elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity and have the tendency to form positive ions in ionic compounds
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metalloid
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an element with properties intermediate between those of metal and nonmetals
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molecular formula
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an expression showing the exact numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule
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molecule
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an aggregate of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by special forces
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Radio activity
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the spontaneous breakdown of an atom by emission of particles and/or radiation.
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Structural formula
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a chemical formula that shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecule
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ternary compound
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compounds consisting of 3 elements
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