Intro to Buiss Chapter 13 – Flashcards
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application program
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A program that actually processes data according to a particular user's specific needs.
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artificial intelligence (AI)
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The construction and/or programming of computers to imitate human thought processes.
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browser
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Software that enables a user to access information on the web.
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central processing unit (CPU)
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Hardware in which the actual transforming of data into information takes place; contains the primary storage unit, the control unit, and the arithmetic logic unit.
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client-server network
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A network composed of both clients (users) and servers that allows the clients to access various services without costly and unnecessary duplication.
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client
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A point of entry in a client-server network.
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computer graphics programs
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Application programs that convert numerical and character data into pictorial forms.
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computer network
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A form of computer system architecture in which computers at different locations can function independently but are also interconnected and able to exchange information with one another.
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computer-aided design (CAD)
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Computer analysis and graphics programs that are used to create new products.
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computer-aided manufacturing ( CAM )
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Computer systems used to design and control all the equipment and tools for producing goods.
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data communication networks
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Global networks that permit users to send electronic messages quickly and economically.
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data
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Raw facts and figures.
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database management programs
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Application programs that keep track of and manipulate the relevant data of a business.
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database
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A centralized, organized collection of related data.
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decision support system (DSS)
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Computer systems used to help managers consider alternatives when making decisions on complicated problems.
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desktop publishing
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Combines word processing and graphics capability in producing typeset-quality text from personal computers.
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directories
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Features that help people find the content they want on the web. The user types in key words and the directory retrieves a list of websites with titles containing those words.
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electronic conferencing
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Allows people to communicate simultaneously from different locations via telephone, video, or email group software.
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electronic information technologies (EIT)
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IS applications based on telecommunications technologies.
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electronic mail (email) system
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Electronic transmission of letters, reports, and other information between computers.
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electronic spreadsheets
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Application programs that allow the user to enter categories of data and determine the effect of changes in one category (e.g., sales) on other categories (e.g., profits).
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encryption
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The use of a secret numerical code to scramble characters in a message, so that the message is not understandable during transmission.
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enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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Large information systems for integrating all the activities of a company's business units.
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executive support system (ESS)
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A quick-reference, easy-access application of information systems specially designed for upper-level managers.
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expert system
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A form of artificial intelligence in which a program draws on the rules an expert in a given field has laid out to arrive at a solution for a problem.
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extranet
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A network that allows outsiders limited access to a firm's internal information system.
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fax machine
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A machine that can quickly transmit a copy of documents or graphics over telephone lines.
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firewall
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Hardware and software security systems that ensure that internal computer systems are not accessible to outsiders.
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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The user-friendly display that helps users select from among the many possible applications of the computer.
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groupware
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A system that allows two or more individuals to communicate electronically between desktop PCs.
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hardware
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The physical components of a computer system.
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icons
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Small images on a computer screen that represent various applications.
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information management
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An internal operation that arranges the firm's information resources to support business performance and outcomes.
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information manager
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The manager responsible for the activities needed to generate, analyze, and disseminate information that a company needs to make good decisions.
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information system (IS)
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An organized method of transforming data into information that can be used for decision making.
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information
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A meaningful, useful interpretation of data.
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input device
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Hardware that gets data into the computer in a form the computer can understand.
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internet service provider (ISP)
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A commercial firm that maintains a permanent connection to the internet and sells temporary connections to subscribers.
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internet
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A gigantic network of networks that serves millions of computers, offers information on business, science, and government, and provides communication flows among more than 170 000 separate networks around the world.
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intranet
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A company's private network that is accessible only to employees via entry through electronic firewalls.
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knowledge workers
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Employees whose jobs involve the use of information and knowledge as the raw materials of their work.
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local area network (LAN)
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A system to link computers in one building or in a small geographical area by cabling or wireless technology.
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main memory
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The part of a computer's CPU that stores those programs that it needs to operate.
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management information systems (MIS)
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Systems that support an organization's managers by providing daily reports, schedules, plans, and budgets.
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mass-customization
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Producing large volumes of products or services, but giving customers the choice of features and options they want.
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multimedia communication systems
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Connected networks of communication appliances such as faxes, televisions, sound equipment, cellphones, printers, and photocopiers that may also be linked by satellite with other remote networks.
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output device
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That part of a computer's hardware that presents results to users; common forms include printers and video monitors.
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presentation graphics software
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Application programs that offer choices for assembling graphics for visual displays, slides, video, and even sound splices for professional presentations.
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program
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Any sequence of instructions to a computer.
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robotics
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The use of computer-controlled machines that perform production tasks.
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search engine
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Software for searching webpages that does not pre-classify them into a directory.
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server
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A computer that provides the services shared by network users.
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software piracy
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The unauthorized use of software such as word processing and spreadsheets.
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software
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Programs that instruct the computer in what to do and how to do it.
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system operations personnel
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People who run a company's computer equipment.
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system program
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A program that tells a computer what resources to use and how to use them.
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transaction processing systems (TPS)
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Applications of information processing for basic day-to-day business transactions.
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voice mail
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A computer-based system for receiving and delivering incoming telephone calls.
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web servers
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Dedicated workstations—large computers—that are customized for managing, maintaining, and supporting websites.
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wide area network (WAN)
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A system to link computers across the country through telephone wires or satellites.
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word-processing programs
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Application programs that allow the computer to act as a sophisticated typewriter to store, edit, and print letters and numbers.
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World Wide Web
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A system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information on the internet.
