INST 222 – Flashcards
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In the film Starting Small, several of the teachers used examples and content from a variety of cultures and groups to explain main concepts and principles. Which dimension(s) of multicultural education did these teachers follow?
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content integration
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Identity the reason(s) the intergroup education movement fails
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Intergroup education remained on the periphery of mainstream education, most mainstream US educators never internalized the ideology and major assumptions on which intergroup education was based, racial tensions in the cities took more subtle forms in the 1950s so educators no longer saw a need for action
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_________ is often accomplished by addition of book, a unit, or a course to the curriculum without changing it significantly.
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additive approach
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The Civil Rights Movement ended in the late 60s/early 70s
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false
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Which term refers to changing the basic assumptions of curriculum and enables students to view concepts, issues, themes, and problems from diverse, ethnic, and cultural perspectives?
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transformative curriculum approach
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Nativism arose to stop the flood of the new immigrants from arriving in the US
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true
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During the period of multicultural education, ME is a slow process in which elements of the curriculum permeate the curriculum and the total educational environment
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institutionalization
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Which of the following is the incorrect explanation of the New Immigrant?
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Most immigrants to the US from 1970 to 2000 came from Asian, Latin American, and European nations
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A fifth grade teacher continuously perpetuates dominant ideologies and values. This teacher has values that promote and embrace powerful organizations and wholeheartedly embrace Americanization. At the same time, however, this teacher also exercises distrust in foreign countries and individuals. Which of the following terms best describes this teacher's values and actions?
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nativism
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Mrs. Patterson is a very kind, middle class teacher. Unknowingly, she gives more eye-contact to the boys in class, and seeks every opportunity to praise their accomplishments.According to our lecture notes, this scenario best represents which principle of multicultural education?
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In ME oral and nonverbal communication patterns between student and teachers are analyzed and changed to increase the involvement of students in the learning process.
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A fifth grade principal decided to infuse multicultural education in every subject and grade at his school. This pedagogical approach adheres to one of the principles of multicultural education because:
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ME must be integrated throughout the curriculum at all levels
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Constructivist pedagogy should:
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assess student learning within the context of teaching(b) & pose problems of emerging relevance to learners (c)
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In some schools, teachers talk about gay and lesbian issues with very young children. This pedagogical approach adheres to one of the principles of multicultural education because:
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ME must deal with the social and historical realities of American society and the global society and help students gain a better understanding of the causes of oppression and inequality, including racism, ageism, sexism, and classism
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Engagement is one of the four Es of Multicultural Education:
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False
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Which of the following is not an example of tangible culture?
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morals
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Which of the following(s) is(are) type(s) of discrimination?
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Ableism, Linguicism, Racism, Sizeism
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According to the lecture, America's core culture has markers, which one is incorrect?
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either, 1. high level of education, 2. expansionism and manifest destiny
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According to our article Frontier Crossings, which of the following is an example of culture shock?
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a student from Canada is finding it hard to adjust to a new school in the United States and their ways of doing things
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Culture is:
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fluid, invisible
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In the reading Frontier Crossings by Michael Allan, the iceberg is used to convey the invisible and visible parts of culture.
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true
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Culture is defined in our article Frontier Crossings, by Michael Allan, as
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widely shared ideals, values, formation and use of categories, assumptions about life and goal directed activities
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According to our lecture and or the handout for this topic, which item below is not a marker (or feature) of the American core culture?
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equity and diversity
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The research conducted in the article Frontier Crossings, was conducted in an American middle school.
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false
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According to the lecture, food is an intangible culture.
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false
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One form of diversity education is study circles.
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true
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U.S. Census data indicates that
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most of the population now lives in urban areas
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Which of the following illustrates diversity consciousness?
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becoming aware of possible gender differences in the way people communicate, being ready and able to adapt when communicating with men and women, understanding why men and women sometimes misunderstand each other / / / / / / / / / / /
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According to the text, diversity refers to:
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all of the ways in which people are different
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U.S. demographic data indicate that
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women will make up almost 50 percent of the labor force by the year 2050
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What does it mean to have a global perspective?
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develop interconnectedness with others, expand one's own awareness of different perspectives, enhance self-awareness
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Culture refers to
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language, beliefs, rules
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Which of the following is an example of cultural lag:
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lack of racial diversification among teachers
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When cultural lag occurs, one part of a culture is not keeping pace with another part.
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true
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An estimated ____ languages are spoken throughout the world.
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7,000
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We communicate with both verbal and nonverbal symbols.
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true
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When communicating at work, Stephen is particularly adept at understanding coworkers' and clients' points of view. This allows Stephen to be more sensitive to others without judging or comparing. This ability, which allows Stephen to be more diversity conscious when it comes to communication, is mostly closely related to which of the following areas?
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stepping outside of ourselves
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In many East Asian cultures, people may answer "yes" to a question even though they mean "no" in order to
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"save face", avoid embarrassing someone, show respect
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By communicating electronically, individuals can attempt to control how others see them. Erving Goffman calls this
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impression management
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Deborah Tannen's research focuses on the different communication styles of
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men and women
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According to the text, which of the following can be a barrier to effective, cross-cultural communication?
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ethnocentrism, language differences, inactive listening
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According to the text, mirroring is a barrier to effective listening.
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false
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Body language throughout the world is culturally specific.
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true
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The author discusses numerous strategies for communicating inclusively. Which of the following is not one of these strategies?
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use as few styles of communication as possible
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Linguicism refers to
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discrimination based on language
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Practicing our communication styles and skills is an example of what the author terms as
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following through
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According to the text, the status and power of the speaker and the receiver influence the communication that takes place between them. This statement relates most closely to which of the following areas?
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gauging the level of the playing field
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The study of body movements as a means of communication is known as
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kinesics
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We refer to people who are able to speak more than two languages fluently as bilingual.
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false
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According to Deborah Tannen, women tend to be more direct than men when making requests.
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false
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According to the text, studies show that people who speak more than one language have lower levels of cognitive flexibility.
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false
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Learning in online courses is asynchronous.
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true
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Among many Asian and Latin American cultures, it is rude to establish direct eye contact with people in authority.
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true
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Since sign language is both universal and uniform, deaf people all over the world can communicate with each other.
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false
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__________ is the process in which messages created in one culture must be processed and interpreted in another culture.
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intercultural communication
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As a child, Tonya was immersed in an environment in which a college education was the norm. She was raised to believe that going to college, not getting a job, was the "natural thing to do" after graduating from high school. This situation reflects which of the following?
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enculturation
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Social marginality describes
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the exclusion that results from being seen as an "outsider"
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Cultural encapsulation promotes sensitivity to cultural differences.
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false
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According to the text, social class in the United States is defined solely in terms of wealth.
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false
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Meritocracy refers to a system in which people get ahead solely on the basis of
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merit
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The degree to which we are willing to interact and develop relationships with certain groups is called social distance.
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true
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Diversity skills include
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flexible thinking, teamwork, leadership
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Sonja practices her active listening skills both at work and home. By constantly practicing this diversity skill, she has learned to assume a more active role in hearing and digesting what is being communicated. Sonja's ability to actually put this skill into practice is identified in the text as
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following through
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For Tamra, college was the first time she wrestled with issues involving social inequality. Many of these issues continually surfaced in courses, student activity programs, and collegewide community service projects. Consequently, her diversity consciousness increased in all areas, but particularly in terms of her ability to
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gauge the level of the playing field
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Sexism refers to the thinking that one sex is superior to another and that unequal treatment is therefore justifiable.
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true
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As we develop diversity consciousness over time, our thinking will become
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more flexible, more inclusive, more global
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When discussing social inequality, the author of our text distinguishes between a majority and a minority. The difference between a majority and a minority is
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power
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According to the text, the emphasis on individualism in the U.S. promotes our awareness of social influences.
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false
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According to the text, developing diversity consciousness includes applying our knowledge and behavior to real-life situations. This is called
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following through
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Cultural encapsulation makes it
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difficult for us to realize how out environment shapes our assumptions
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Unearned privileges refer to benefits in life that we have through no effort of our own.
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true
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The author of our text quotes a writer who describes the importance of being able to "borrow other people's eyes, to see to learn, and learn to see." While this ability promotes the overall development of diversity consciousness, it relates most closely to
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stepping outside of ourselves
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In a meritocracy, social and economic inequality is primarily due to the effects of discrimination and prejudice.
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false
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The term "social class" describes a category of people who share similar amounts of wealth, power, and prestige.
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true
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The development of diversity consciousness is broken down into six areas. Which of the following is not one of these areas?
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attaining an ideal level of awareness
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Conflict is defined as the struggle that results when two or more parties perceive a difference or incompatibility in their goals.
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true
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Conflict management is the process by which conflict is dealt with in an effective and constructive manner.
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true
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A virtual team works across space, time, and organizational boundaries.
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true
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Members of a virtual team cannot decide on a fair way to determine how they get paid for their work on a particular project, since team members live in a number of countries with different standards of living. Thus, they hire a neutral third person to help them reach a nonbinding decision on their pay. This is an example of
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mediation
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According to the text, every team is diverse.
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true
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According to the text, a team refers to
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?
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According to Tuckman, storming refers to a period in a team's development during which members reach agreement on their norms and mission.
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false
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The coordinated effort by a group of persons working toward a common goal is the definition of
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teamwork
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When team members recenter, they shift perspectives and adopt multiple points of view.
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false
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Which of the following is not one of the "ten principles of conflict management?"
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?
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Michael, Maria, Carlos, William, and Tammie are members of a surgical team at a local hospital. As such, they engage in a coordinated effort in order to work toward the goal of providing quality care to their patients. Their ability to do this is defined as
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teamwork? syngergy?
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Synergy is the concept that members of a team interacting cooperatively will accomplish much more than if they act alone.
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true
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Mindfulness lowers our consciousness and blots out intuition.
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false
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When arbitration is used to deal with conflicts, the arbitrator has the power to render a binding decision.
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true
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Collective efficacy is found on high performance teams.
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true
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The concept of synergy refers to the benefits of
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teamwork
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In comparison to face-to-face teams, virtual teams tend to experience fewer problems in terms of miscommunication and conflict.
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false
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Fiona encounters conflict on her job almost daily. Consequently, she finds it helpful to "pick her battles" and avoid conflict whenever possible. Which of the following describes Fiona's approach to conflict management?
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circumvent
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The jigsaw method, as used by Aronson, was a(n)
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educational plan aimed at reducing interracial tensions among public school students
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In one exercise used in diversity training, a label is placed on each person in a small group. In the course of performing a task, these people are instructed to treat other individuals according to their labels. Labels might include expert, militant, smart, dumb, and secretary. The primary aim of this exercise is to illustrate which of the following obstacles to teamwork?
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stereotyping
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In strong uncertainty avoidance societies, followers rely heavily on leaders, so much so that the word of leaders is accepted as a kind of law.
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true
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Leadership, as defined in Diversity Consciousness, refers to the process by which people
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inspire, influence, and empower others to achieve a common goal
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When leaders engage in mirror-imaging, they
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judge others on the basis of their own expectations
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Hofstede's theory of leadership reflects a micro-level orientation.
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false
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According to Hofstede's research findings, workers in the cultures he studied generally agreed on how a leader should behave.
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false
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In their research on leaders, Goldsmith and Morgan found that if leaders understand what they need to do, they will do it.
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false
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Behavioral theories of leadership are based on the assumption that certain individuals are "born leaders."
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false
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The main concern of instrumental leaders is the well-being of group members.
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false
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A leader from a highly collectivist, large power distance culture may have a difficult time adjusting to life in a highly individualist, small power distance culture. Specifically, she or he could experience feelings of disorientation and stress known as
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culture shock
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Situational leaders adopt a democratic leadership style in all situations.
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false
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Diversity-conscious leaders find it useful to predict and evaluate the actions of others by employing a technigue known as mirror-imaging.
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false
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Situational leaders adapt their leadership style on the basis of the circumstances they encounter.
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true
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According to the text, all diversity-conscious leaders are
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none of these
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The four building blocks of diversity-consciousness leadership are
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understanding, awareness, skills, commitment
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Of the countries he studied, Hofstede found Japan to be the most feminine country.
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false
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Leaders can exert a positive or negative influence.
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true
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Recent survey data collected by the Center for Creative Leadership examined how our thinking about leadership is evolving. Specifically, the Center found that people expect leadership in the future to
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be more flexible
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Leadership is
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interactive, a process, situational
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Data from Hofstede's research on workers in 40 countries point to the impact of cultural differences on attitudes and values. Specifically, his data shows that these cultures differed along which of the following dimensions?
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individualism vs. collectivism
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Findings from the GLOBE study support the need for situational leadership.
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true
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When we scapegoat, we unfairly blame others for our own problems.
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true
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The cumulative impact of encounters with prejudice, discrimination, ethnocentrism, and other social barriers is referred to as the
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pyramiding effect
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A landlord has no negative personal opinions toward Native Americans. However, many tenants have a deep-seated resentment toward members of this group. To avoid offending these tenants, the landlord does not rent to anyone who appears to be Native American. The landlord is a(n)
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unprejudiced discriminator
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When choosing teams to play basketball, Michael selects Stanley instead of Luis, even though Stanley tells Michael he is not great at basketball while Luis is known for his basketball skills. When Jim asks Michael why he chose Stanley instead of Luis, Michael says that he chose Stanley because he is Black. This is an example of:
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stereotyping
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In a well-known experiment conducted in the 1960's, Jane Elliott sought to teach her thirdgrade students in a rural town in Iowa about the dynamics of prejudice. She did this by dividing her students according to
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their eye color
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An employer feels negatively toward employing older people. Nevertheless, he hires older people because of equal opportunity laws. This is an example of
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prejudiced nondiscriminator
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Roberto, a manager of a small firm that sells sports equipment, assumes that people with disabilities are more likely to miss work. Therefore, he avoids hiring individuals who appear disabled. Roberto is an example of
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prejudiced discriminator
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Which of the following would be an example of discrimination against women?
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denying women a job based on their assumed sexual weakness
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Jordan is a student who has just begun taking courses at a nearby college. Because of Jordan's limited interaction with people from diverse cultural backgrounds, he hesitates to venture too far out of his comfort zone. Specifically, he shies away from social gatherings and jobs where he anticipates meeting people that do not look or talk like him. Consequently, he has missed out on a number of opportunities to make new friends and expand his social network. Jordan's experiences illustrate which of the following?
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personal barriers
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A "culture of victimization" encourages us to look for simple answers to complex problems.
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true
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When we show ethnocentrism, we use our own cultural standards to determine what is right or normal.
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true
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The ability to influence and control others is the definition of
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power
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Which of the following statements best illustrates ethnocentrism?
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"If you don't do it my way, it's not the right way"
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According to findings from The Pew Global Attitude Project, people in many of the countries surveyed agreed that "their culture is superior to others." This attitude illustrates which of the following barriers?
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ethnocentrism
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According to the text, personal barriers refer to those factors that are external to a person and impede her or his success.
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false
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Intragroup discrimination occurs between groups, while intergroup discrimination occurs within groups.
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false
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The assumption that all Whites cannot be trusted is an example of a stereotype.
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true
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Discrimination refers to an opinion that is both irrational and inflexible.
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false
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In her interviews with the residents of Jasper, Texas, Dina Temple-Raston found that
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?
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Joe is a college student majoring in business. Because he is extremely good-looking, people who do not even know him assume he is sociable, sensitive, and poised. This is an example of the
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?
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"To improve our communication skills, we need to be op to feedback. Otherwise, we will not know when we are relating well and when we are not." This statement relates most closely to which of the following areas?
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checking up on ourselves
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An ethnographer is someone who spends time living with people in order to research their customs
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true
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Certain terms such as "retard," "redneck," and "colored" trigger negative reactions from people who view them as insulting and derogatory. Consequently, these terms are referred to as
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hot buttons
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Which of the following is one of the "ground rules for difficult dialogues?"
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realize that we are all teachers and learners
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Belinda occupies a leadership position at a large firm. Her main focus is making sure people complete their work on time. Given the demands of her job, she finds it difficult to get to know her employees on a personal level. Whenever possible, she makes it clear that they need to leave their personal issues at home. Belinda is an example of an
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instrumental leader
