Inorganic Chemistry Final Review – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Chemistry
answer
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, any energy changes that accompany these processes
question
Organic chemistry
answer
The study of most carbon containing compounds
question
Inorganic chemistry
answer
The study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals
question
Physical chemistry
answer
The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
question
Analytical chemistry
answer
The identification of the components in composition of materials
question
Biochemistry
answer
The study of substances and processes occurring in living things
question
Theoretical chemistry
answer
Use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and design and predict the properties of new compounds
question
Scientific method
answer
The logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating series that are supported by data
question
SI Base Units
answer
Mass - kilogram; length - meter
question
SI Derived Units
answer
Volume - liter; density - g/ml
question
Tera
answer
10^12
question
Giga
answer
10^9
question
Mega
answer
10^5
question
Kilo
answer
10^3
question
Mili
answer
10^-3
question
Micro
answer
10^-6
question
Nano
answer
10^-9
question
Accuracy
answer
Being close to the right answer
question
Precision
answer
Being close to other answers
question
% error
answer
Experimental value - accepted value _________________________________ x 100 accepted value
question
Dalton's Atomic Theory
answer
All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements different size, mass, and other properties Cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed
question
Modern Atomic Theory
answer
Atoms are divisible into even smaller particles, All matter is composed of atoms, atoms of any one element differ in properties from atoms of another element remain unchanged
question
Rutherford
answer
Bombarded a thin piece of gold for oil with fast-moving alpha particles, because not all of the particles went through, there must be a densely packed bundle of matter with a positive charge: the nucleus
question
Thomson
answer
Discovered electrons by cathode ray experiments, plum pudding model; negative electrons spread evenly throughout the positive charge of the rest of the atom
question
Bohr
answer
Proposed the idea of an electron shell around the nucleus of an Adam
question
Neutrons and protons
answer
In the nucleus
question
Electrons
answer
In orbitals that surround the nucleus
question
Atomic number
answer
# of protons in the nucleus of an atom
question
Mass number
answer
Total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
question
Isotopes
answer
Differing in number of neutrons; same element, different mass
question
Mole
answer
Amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12
question
Avagadro's number
answer
6.0221415 x 10^23
question
Hund's Rule
answer
Every orbital in a sub shell is singly occupied with one electron before anyone orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons instantly occupied orbitals have the same spin
question
The Aufbau Principle
answer
States that an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it
question
The Pauli exclusion principle
answer
States that no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
question
Mendeleev
answer
First person to arrange a periodic table, Arranged by increasing atomic mass
question
Periodic table
answer
And arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group
question
Group 18
answer
Noble gases; no chemical reactivity
question
Group 1
answer
Alkali metals 1 valence electron Shiny and soft Extremely reactive Melt at successively lower temperatures as you go down the list
question
Group 2
answer
Alkaline- earth metals 2 valence electrons Reactive Harder and more denser than group 1 Higher melting points than group 1
question
Groups 3 to 12
answer
D block elements Transition metals
question
Groups 13 to 18
answer
P block elements Valence electrons = group # - 10
question
Metalloids
answer
Boron, silicone, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium Have both metal and nonmetal properties Semi conductors Brittle solids
question
Main-group elements
answer
Elements of the s and p blocks
question
Group 17
answer
Halogens Most reactive nonmetals React with metals
question
Lanthanides
answer
Atomic numbers 58 to 71 Shiny metals Similar in reactivity to group 2
question
Actinides
answer
Atomic numbers 90 to 103 Radioactive Made in laboratories
question
Atomic radii
answer
One half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together Trend: atomic radii decrease as you move left to right across a period Trend: atomic radii increase when going down a group
question
Ionization energy
answer
The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element Trend: increases moving left to right across a period Trend: decreases down a group
question
Electron affinity
answer
The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom acquires an electron Trend: increase is moving to the right across a period Trend: generally constant moving down a group
question
Ionic radii
answer
Trend: the metals at the left tend to form cations and the nonmetals at the upper right tend to form anions Trend: increase of ionic ready I've heard moving down to group
question
Electronegativity
answer
A measurement of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound Trend: tends to increase from left to right across a period Trend: tend to either decreased down a group or remain about the same
question
Ionic compound
answer
Composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal
question
Covalent compounds
answer
Made up of nonmetals
question
Polar
answer
Describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are separated
question
Polar covalent bond
answer
A covalent bond in which a pair of electrons shared between atoms is held more closely by one atom
question
Nonpolar covalent bind
answer
Covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are equally attracted to both bonded atoms
question
Octet rule
answer
Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level
question
Lewis Structures / Dot Diagrams
answer
Formula in which Potomac symbols represent nuclei and inner shell electrons.pairs were dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons
question
Molar mass
answer
Total mass in grams of all of the elements in a substance
question
Percent composition
answer
Mass of element _______________ x 100 Molar mass of compound
question
Empirical formula
answer
Given 25.6% K, 35.41% Cr, 38.03% O Assume the percent value equals the same number in grams 26.5 g K x ( 1 mol K / 39.10 g K) = .6777 mol K 35.41 g Cr x ( 1 mol Cr / 52 g Cr) = .6809 mol Cr 38.03 g O x ( 1 mol O / 16 g O) = 2.3768 mol O Divide all by smallest amount of moles. In this case that is .6777 mol K. K - .6777/.6777 = 1 mol K Cr - .6809/.6777 = 1.0047 = 1 mol Cr O - 2.3768/.6777 = 3.5073 = 3.5 Clear fractions if needed to get whole numbers. In this case the 3.5 makes this necessary. 3.5 x 2 = O7 1 x 2 = K2 1 x 2 = Cr2 = K2Cr2O7 or potassium dichromate
question
Combustion reactions
answer
Always produce CO2 and H2O
question
Moles to mass
answer
Amount of given substance (mol) x ( mol unknown / mol given ) x (molar mass of unknown / 1 mol unknown) = mass of unknown substance (g)
question
Mass to moles
answer
Mass of given substance (g) x ( 1 mol given / molar mass of given x ( mol unknown / mol given ) = amount of substance (mol)
question
Mass to mass
answer
Mass of given substance (g) x ( 1 mol given / molar mass of given (g) ) x ( mol unknown / mol given ) x ( molar mass of unknown / 1 mol unknown ) = mass of unknown substance (g)
question
Moles to moles
answer
Amount of given substance (mol) x ( mol unknown / mol given ) = amount of unknown substance (mol)
question
Units of pressure
answer
Millimeters of mercury - mmHg 760 mmHg = 1 atm
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New