question

altarpiece (including predella, triptych/ polyptych, and wings)

answer

-predella: the base of an altarpiece -triptych/polyptych: a work of 3 parts, usually painted panels hinged together -wings: the parts that swing open and closed

question

atmospheric perspective:

answer

a technique of rendering depth or distance in painting by modifying the tone or hue and distinctness of objects perceived as receding from the picture plane, especially by reducing distinctive local colors and contrasts of light and dark to a uniform light bluish-gray color.

question

Black Death (bubonic plague):

answer

plague that swept through and caused a major drop in population. caused by rats, people abandoned family members, surplus went up because so many people died, laborers could charge more because there weren't a lot of people to do the manual labor. Many people draw nearer to God so they wouldn't be affected, fasted, went on pilgrimage

question

cartoon-

answer

a full-size preparatory design for an artwork in another medium

question

centering

answer

scaffolding used to build arches or domes

question

Doge:

answer

the chief magistrate of Venice or Genoa...

question

foreshortening-

answer

To reduce or distort in order to convey the illusion of three-dimensional space as perceived by the human eye: often done according to the rules of perspective.

question

glazing-

answer

The term used for a thin, transparent layer of paint, particularly in oil painting and acrylics. Glazes are used on top of one another to build up depth and modify colors in a painting.

question

grotesque-

answer

A style of decorative art characterized by fanciful or fantastic human and animal forms often interwoven with foliage or similar figures that may distort the natural into absurdity, ugliness, or caricature

question

Humanism-

answer

An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

question

Indulgences-

answer

A payment to the Catholic Church that purchased an exemption from punishment (penance) for some types of sins.

question

linear perspective-

answer

Brunelleschi's "rules" for new style of painting, ex: Perugino, "Christ giving the keys to St. Peter" (including horizon line, orthagonals, picture plane, vantage point, vanishing point)

question

madrigal-

answer

a secular part song without instrumental accompaniment, usually for four to six voices, making abundant use of contrapuntal imitation, popular especially in the 16th and 17th centuries

question

Motet:

answer

a short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied.

question

oil painting

answer

takes a long time to dry, has transparent characteristics

question

polychoral style-

answer

a style in which choirs sing to and against each other in increasingly complicated forms

question

Polyphony:

answer

addition of harmonies (and instruments)

question

predestination-

answer

The divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others

question

printing and printmaking (including moveable type)

answer

is the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation)The metal type pieces were more durable and the lettering was more uniform, leading to typography and fonts. The high quality and relatively low price of the Gutenberg Bible (1455) established the superiority of movable type in Europe and the use of printing presses spread rapidly

question

Renaissance:

answer

rebirth

question

Reformation

answer

restoration, renewal

question

sfumato-

answer

the technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms.

question

Sprezzatura:

answer

originating from Baldassare Castiglione's The Book of the Courtier, where it is defined by the author as "a certain nonchalance, so as to conceal all art and make whatever one does or says appear to be without effort and almost without any thought about it"

question

Lorenzo de' Medici

answer

was an Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, who was one of the most powerful and enthusiastic patrons of the Renaissance. He is well known for his contribution to the art world by sponsoring artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo

question

Elisabetta Gonzaga

answer

duchess of Urbino, known for her ability to improvise songs.

question

Pope Leo X

answer

He is probably best remembered for granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica, which practice was challenged by Martin Luther's 95 Theses.He borrowed and spent heavily. Under his reign, progress was made on the rebuilding of Saint Peter's Basilica and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms.

question

Cesare Borgia

answer

who machiavelli models for this perfect prince in his "The Prince"

question

Savonarola

answer

Dominican Friar, abbot of the San Marco monastery. He wanted to re-establish Florence as a republic. Collected books, painting, all that was considered "vanities" and burns them in a bonfire. Refuses to stop praying, so he is burned at the stake.

question

Pope Julius II

answer

he commissioned the destruction and rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, plus Michelangelo's decoration of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

question

Leon Battista Alberti

answer

was an Italian humanist author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher and cryptographer; he epitomised the Renaissance Man. Gifted in many ways.

question

Erasmus

answer

was a Dutch Renaissance humanist,and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists" Using humanist techniques for working on texts, he prepared important new Latin and Greek editions of the New Testament, which raised questions that would be influential in the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation

question

Francesco Sforza

answer

became the ruler of Milan by marrying the illegitimate daughter, and sole heir, of the duke of Milan. Welcomed artists throughout central Italy to his city and embraced humanism

question

Sibyl:

answer

prophetess

question

Petrarch

answer

the "Father of Humanism" rediscovered the forgotten works of the Roman orator and statesman Cicero. His best work is Canzoniere (over 300 poems) which are love poems written to his love named Laura.

question

Laura Cereta

answer

wrote the Defense of Liberal Instruction for Women. She was very well educated. Taught by nuns until she was 11 when her father called her home to help raise her siblings. She got married young but when her husband died shortly after, she returned to her studies at the age of 19.

question

Johannes Gutenberg

answer

created the first printing press

question

Maddalena Casulana

answer

was the first professional woman composer to see her own compositions in print.

question

Virgin and Child from St. Denis, France

answer

Late Gothic

question

Duccio and Simone Martini, Virgin and Child, Italy

answer

Late Gothic

question

Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy (including Lorenzetti and Martini frescoes inside)

answer

Late Gothic

question

(including Lorenzetti and Martini frescoes inside)

answer

Fraud, vain, greed, devil-figure=tyranny... VS... Angels, justice, prudence. People fighting, dying, running... vs... education, commerce, dancing-wedding. Late Gothic

question

Simone Martini's Maesta (Maesta=Majesty)

answer

It's the virgin Mary surrounded by saints. Each saint identifiable. Peter with keys, etc... Martini put real gold paint and glass gems on Mary. Jesus has the blessing gesture Mary depicted as secular and heavenly queen. Late Gothic

question

Giotto, Madonna Enthroned

answer

More realistic, Better shading and colors, Spacing/depth also more believable, Individuality in the faces Late Gothic

question

Dufay, "Nuper rosarum flores" (the rose blossoms)

answer

Use of polyphony (addition of harmonies) and instruments Late Gothic

question

Boccaccio, The Decameron

answer

Collection of stories told by 10 elite youth hiding from the plague (this painting wasn't done by Boccaccio. he just wrote The Decameron. the painting is by john williams waterhouse, but i doubt we'll need to know that. it was painted much later) Late Gothic

question

Brunelleschi (and others), Florence Duomo

answer

I'm guessing she just wants us to know that brunelleschi was the one that came up with the way to make the dome for this cathedral? He made like a dome inside of a dome Florentine Renaissance

question

Brunelleschi, Sacrifice of Isaac;

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Brunelleschi, San Lorenzo church

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaac;

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Masaccio, Trinity

answer

God the Father above Christ, the Dove of the Holy Ghost, lady in blue- Mary, St John- young man in picture, the two kneeling on the side are the donors, Florentine Renaissance

question

Masaccio, The Tribute Money

answer

Horizon line- goes across the tops of their heads, vanishing point lead to Christ's face, Florentine Renaissance

question

Botticelli, Primavera,

answer

diagonal lines, vanishing points, horizon line, Florentine Renaissance

question

Botticelli, Birth of Venus,

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Botticelli, Adoration of the Magi:

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Machiavelli, The Prince

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Castiglione, The Courtier

answer

Florentine Renaissance. "courtier ought to be that of arms, strong and brave. Loyal to whomever he serves. He needs to be well built and shapely in limb. Know how to wrestle." Sprezzatura

question

Leonardo da Vinci: anatomic sketches,

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Vitruvian Man, Leonardo da Vinci

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Last Supper (Milan),

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Lady with an Ermine (Milan), Leonardo Da Vinci

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Mona Lisa (France), Leonardo da Vinci

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Michelangelo Buonarotti: David

answer

Florentine Renaissance

question

Michelangelo Buonarotti: Moses

answer

Roman Renaissance

question

Michelangelo Buonarotti: Pietà

answer

Roman Renaissance

question

Michelangelo Buonarotti: Sistine Chapel ceiling

answer

Roman Renaissance

question

Bramante, Tempietto

answer

Roman Renaissance

question

Raphael, Stanze della Segnatura (Dispute and School of Athens),

answer

Stanze della Segnatura- connections to past: barrell arches, coffering on arches, Aristole and Plato, shows his interest in theology and humanism. - Mary, John, above, Jesus- God the Father, the dove of the Holy Ghost in the middle, all over a Catholic alter-- holds bread, Transubstantiatoin-doctrine they want want taught "bread but literally body of Christ, wine blood of Christ" Roman Renaissance

question

Raphael, Stanze della Segnatura (Dispute and School of Athens), (continued)

answer

Plato and Aristotle in middle, Michelangelo in picture along with Himself, Message behind differences in painting: Raphael is a Humanist and Theologian- puts the people on the same level, well rounded, Roman Renaissance

question

Raphael, portrait of Julius II

answer

commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel Roman Renaissance

question

Raphael, portrait of Castiglione

answer

Roman Renaissance

question

Raphael, Small Cowper Madonna

answer

Roman Renaissance

question

Josquin des Prez, "Pange Lingua" (sing, my tongue)

answer

Influential Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. Roman Renaissance

question

Titian, Sacred and Profane Love

answer

Profane- the lady dressed up-- all dressed up "all worldly" the naked lady has "nothing to hide" so she is sacred, Titian loved painting nude women Venetian Renaissance

question

Titian, Self Portrait

answer

oil paint and color, Venetian Renaissance

question

Titian, Venus of Urbino

answer

Venetian Renaissance

question

"The Assumption" - Titian:

answer

Colors, Red, Painted women with red hair, loved the color red, Mary being lifted up into heaven- blue veil and red dress, Triangle with Mary and the two men below her also in red, tall skinny triangle with the men below and up to God, Venetian Renaissance

question

Robert Campin, Merode Altarpiece

answer

Small but a lot of detail, perspective hasn't happened yet- no linear, depth of proportion, Becoming masters of detail -- always symbolically significant People kneeling paid for it Angel Gabriel and Mary- He tells her she's gonna have Christ, formally known as "Annunciation" Mary is always reading in the annunciation scene- reading the bible Joseph on the other side Lily's- flower, it symbolizes purity and virginity Water pitcher- clean Pot water in back with towel- wash hands- clean yo self The candle has been blown out because it shows that the spirit enters Jesus into Mary Light- strength of gospel Details of Josephs tools- making mice trap, Mouse represents Satan, the one who kills the mouse is Christ, Mouse Trap is Christ Northern Renaissance

question

Jan and Hubert van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece

answer

- Clothes spell out scripture text , God in center, Mary to the right of Christ and to the left of him John, Adam and Eve, Mary- annunciation scene, lamb is Christ, lamb is bleeding into chalace, standing on alter, transubstantiation, fountains- living water Northern Renaissance

question

Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Wedding

answer

Her stomach, Not pregnant, but shows they want kids, mirror and two witnesses in mirror and a signature- could be a self portrait in one of the two witnesses, on the mirror we got little scences- scenes from the life of Christ Northern Renaissance

question

Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Marguerite de Navarre, Heptameron (story 55)

answer

Northern Renaissance a man asks his wife to give his money to the church after his death to make amends for some of his sins. he asked that his horse be sold and the proceeds given to the poor merchant class. she has other plans. she agreed to sell his horse to a man for one ducat, as long as he agreed to buy her cat for 99 ducats. she gave the one ducat to the poor merchant class and kept the 99.

question

Mathias Grünewald, Isenheim Altarpiece

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Albrecht Dürer: Draftsman drawing a Reclining Nude

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Albrecht Dürer: The Large Turf,

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Albrecht Dürer: Self-Portrait (of 1500),

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Albrecht Dürer: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse,

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Albrecht Dürer: Melancholy

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Albrecht Dürer: Adam and Eve

answer

Northern Renaissance

question

Heinrich Krämer, Malleus Maleficarum

answer

Northern Renaissance, a treatise on the prosecution of witches,

question

Titles (think of distinguishing features of these works, maybe include a passage): Gilgamesh

answer

Mesopotamian, author unknown Gilgamesh, Enkidu, Ishtar and the Bull of Heaven, utnapishtim "Why are your cheeks emaciated, your face cast down, Your heart wretched, your features wasted, Woe in your vitals, Your face like a traveler's from afar, Your features weathered by cold and sun, Why are you clad in a lion skin, roaming the steppe?" The first known literary work to confront the idea of death

question

The Odyssey

answer

Archaic greek, by Homer Odysseus, Telemachus, Athena, Circe, Penelope the poem narrates the adventures of Odysseus on his ten year journey home from the Trojan war. He wants to get home to his wife Penelope, all while Penelope has remained faithful to her husband Themes: The role of the gods in determining the outcome in human events The faithfulness of penelope the poem narrates the adventures of Odysseus on his ten year journey home from the Trojan war. He wants to get home to his wife Penelope, all while Penelope has remained faithful to her husband Themes: The role of the gods in determining the outcome in human events The faithfulness of penelope Hospitality Epithets, invocation to the muse, dactylic hexameter, in medias res (start in the middle)

question

Medea

answer

classical greek, by Euripides Jason, Medea, Glauce, Creon, Aegeus Jason leaves Medea, Medea exacts revenge by killing everyone Jason loves including their own children.

question

Antigone

answer

Classical Greek, by Sophocles Antigone, Creon, Ismene, Haemon, Polyneices "I honored you as wise men would think right But I wouldn't have taken that task on Had I been a mother who lost her child, Or if my husband were rotting out there. For them, I never would defy my city.... Tell me, gods, which of your laws did I break?" She goes to bury her brother, gets caught by the King, is an example of honoring family before honoring civic duties "I honored you as wise men would think right But I wouldn't have taken that task on Had I been a mother who lost her child, Or if my husband were rotting out there. For them, I never would defy my city.... Tell me, gods, which of your laws did I break?" She goes to bury her brother, gets caught by the King, is an example of honoring family before honoring civic duties "...conflicts between community and family, man and woman, young and old, religious and secular duties, and between the rights of the living and those of the dead." (Norton)

question

Apology

answer

classical greek, by Plato this is the testimony of Socrates at his trial. he would rather die than take back the things he has said.

question

The Aeneid

answer

Roman, by Vergil Aeneas, Dido, Story of Aeneas, a Trojan tells the opposite side of the Trojan War Dido Trojan Horse Theme: following and obeying the gods: piety, duty, family

question

The Koran-

answer

Islam, given to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel

question

The Rule of St. Benedict

answer

Early medieval, by St. Benedict Benedict writes down the rules for a pope Rule book of St. Benedict, defined monastic life as a community of like minded individuals, all seeking religious perfection, under the direction of an abbot elected by the monks. (parts we talked about in class: obedience, chastity, silence/no idle chit-chat, humility)

question

The Confessions

answer

early christian, by St. Augustine St. Augustine confesses, talks about his conversion "Damming back a flood of my tears I arose interpreting the incident as quite certainly a divine command to open my book of Scripture and read the passage at which I should open. For it was part of what I had been told about Anthony... By this experience he had been in that instant converted to You."

question

Beowulf

answer

Early medieval, author unknown King Hrothgar has a prosperous kingdom, until the noise from the mead-hall disturbs Grendel. Grendel terrorizes the Danes for many years. Beowulf hears of this beast and comes to slay it. he also slays Grendel's mother. Beowulf is praised. he later becomes king of the Geats. Beowulf later slays a dragon, but is fatally wounded in the process. Writer has Christian beliefs, but definitely still has a pagan background. trial by combat, kennings

question

The Divine Comedy

answer

Gothic, by Dante Inferno - Dante is lost in the woods, the ghost of Virgil shows up and says he'll guide Dante to his love, Beatrice in heaven. their path goes through the different levels of hell. Dante's work divided into three parts, Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso

question

The Decameron

answer

Late gothic, Boccaccio 7 girls and 3 boys go to the countryside to escape the black plague. to keep themselves out of trouble, they begin a storytelling game. after 100 stories, they return to the city to face their fate. group of youth go on a road trip to get out of town during the plague, tell stories as they go. Story 1 Day 1 is the one about the friar who sinned really badly and then confessed minor things and was made a saint.

question

The Prince

answer

florentine renaissance, by Machiavelli a statesman's duty is to preserve his country and its institutions, regardless of the means he uses. Thus, a prince's chief preoccupation and his primary duty is to wage war. Must be willing to sacrifice moral right for practical gain. The well being of the prince is of utmost importance because upon it rests the well being of the state. It is far safer for prince to be feared than loved, although the best situation would have both. Should inspire fear in such a fashion that if he do not win love, he may escape hate. Not essential that he should have all good qualities, but that he SEEMS to have all good qualities. Everyone sees what you seem, but few know what you are.

question

The Courtier

answer

Florentine renaissance, by Castiglione courtier - a person who attends a royal court as a companion or adviser to the king or queen. this book addresses the constitution of a perfect courtier. a courtier should be strong, a good wrestler, good at speaking/languages, etc "courtier ought to be that of arms, strong and brave. Loyal to whomever he serves. He needs to be well built and shapely in limb. Know how to wrestle." Sprezzatura

question

Terms (What time periods are these features associated with?): Relief

answer

a type of sculpture that is found on a wall or made integral to a wall's surface, three-dimensional

question

Hierarchy of scale (hieratic scale)

answer

most important person is depicted as larger than the rest of people in the artwork

question

Votive figure

answer

long wavy beards and kilts, big eyes, folded hands, not realistic, found in temples, praying attitude = statue a person worshiping diety

question

Contrapposto

answer

a stance that shows movement, weight shift, bent knees, and curves.

question

Archaic smile

answer

slight smile

question

Lost-wax casting method

answer

make a sculpture out of wax, use that to make a mold, fill mold with bronze

question

Verism

answer

a form of realism, naturalistic representation, more realistic. (from Latin veritas, TRUTH) (i.e. appreciate age, wisdom, knowledge)

question

Mandorla

answer

almond shape depicted around Christ in paintings

question

Illumination

answer

books with painted and gold leaf images around the edges of the page.

question

Linear perspective

answer

a type of perspective used by artists in which the relative size, shape, and position of objects are determined by drawn or imagined lines converging at a point on the horizon.

question

Tesserae

answer

a small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the construction of a mosaic.

question

Time Periods (what are artistic characteristics of these eras?): Mesopotamia

answer

big beards, hierarchy of scale, big eyes

question

Egypt

answer

headdresses, side views, legs both reach the ground equally (unrealistic), canon of proportions, weird fake beards, hierarchy of scale, mostly really ideal body types (except for amenhotep IV)

question

Archaic Greek

answer

stiff stance. No movement.

question

Classical Greek

answer

contrapposto stance. No emotion.

question

Early Christian/ Byzantine

answer

Halos, Jesus as a miniature adult, Gold/black background, and greek letters

question

Hellenistic Greek

answer

emotional, dramatic

question

Islamic

answer

qibla, horseshoe arches

question

Romanesque

answer

round arches again

question

Gothic

answer

pointed arches, barrel vaults, rip vaulting, tall nave,

question

Renaissance

answer

proportion, humanism, lots of church inspired art and other commissioned pieces.

question

Quizzes The word "Renaissance" means

answer

Rebirth

question

Lorenzo Ghiberti's winning design for the doors of the Florence Baptistery differs from Filippo Brunelleschi's in that the - scene is a synoptic view. - figures are depicted in profile. - main action is on the side, not in the center. - figures are shown in contrapposto stances.

answer

main action is on the side, not in the center.

question

The victor of the 1418 competition to create a dome for Florence Cathedral was:

answer

Filippo Brunelleschi

question

Masaccio places the vanishing point in The Tribute Money behind Christ's head to: - make the distant mountains seem larger. - emphasize the absence of the tax collector's halo. - make the figures behind Christ seem smaller. - identify Christ as the fresco's most important figure.

answer

identify Christ as the fresco's most important figure.

question

The Medici were the most powerful family in Florence from 1418 to 1494, because they: - were bankers to the papacy. - led the defeat of Milan's army. - headed the Wool Guild. - descended from longstanding nobility.

answer

were bankers to the papacy.

question

In Mona Lisa, Leonardo achieved the sfumato effect by: - including extensive landscape in the background. - placing the vanishing point behind the subject's head. - juxtaposing the subject against a black background. - building up color with many layers of transparent oil paint.

answer

building up color with many layers of transparent oil paint.

question

Why did Medici supporters hurl stones at Michelangelo's David as it was moved through the streets? - They viewed the nude portrayal as inappropriate for David. - They considered Michelangelo a traitor to the exiled Medici. - They objected to the statue being moved from the Florence Cathedral's facade. - They understood David's symbolism of the city standing up to tyrants.

answer

They understood David's symbolism of the city standing up to tyrants.

question

Ludovico Sforza, duke of Milan, was interested in Leonardo da Vinci because he: - could design great machines of war for him. - could help him earn his people's support. - agreed to paint Sforza's 16-year-old mistress. - could help heal a rift between Sforza and the Medici.

answer

could design great machines of war for him.

question

According to the ancient Roman Vitruvius, the ideal human body should be eight times the size of the - distance between wrist and elbow. - clenched fist. - distance between the ankle and the knee. - human head.

answer

human head.

question

The people were eager to buy the indulgences that the pope sold to finance the St. Peter's project, because they wanted to: - shorten their stay in purgatory. - be in the pope's good favor. - avoid military duty in the Holy Roman army. - be forgiven of their sins.

answer

shorten their stay in purgatory.

question

In the School of Athens, Raphael represents Plato pointing upward to signify the location of: - God. - the realm of ideal forms. - the setting of his book, The Republic. - his allegorical cave.

answer

the realm of ideal forms.

question

Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling by:

answer

Pope Julius II

question

Machiavelli saw the role model for his perfect prince in the Florentine ruler: - Lorenzo de' Medici. - Girolamo Savonarola. - Cesare Borgia. - Cosimo de' Medici

answer

Cesare Borgia.

question

In architecture, Renaissance Venetians favored the: - Romanesque style. - Gothic style. - Neoclassical style. - Florentine style.

answer

Gothic style.

question

The role of most women in Renaissance Italy was to - manage domestic affairs. - support their husbands' public roles. - produce heirs for their husbands. - educate their children.

answer

manage domestic affairs.

question

The patron saint of Venice, to whom the cathedral is dedicated, is saint:

answer

Mark

question

Unlike in Renaissance Italy, patronage of artists in Northern European cities came from: - politically powerful families. - artists' guilds. - foreign sources. - the merchant class.

answer

the merchant class.

question

A particularly distinctive feature of Robert Campin's Mérode Altarpiece is the: - use of symbols to emphasize the Christian nature of the scene. - setting of the Annunciation in an ordinary, middle-class Flemish home. - inclusion of the patrons and their family's coat-of-arms. - juxtaposition of scenes from the Annunciation and the Crucifixion.

answer

setting of the Annunciation in an ordinary, middle-class Flemish home.

question

Flemish painters favored oil paint because of its: - ability be painted in layers that reflected light. - fast drying time. - obvious brushstrokes. - ability to be mixed with egg for opacity.

answer

ability be painted in layers that reflected light.

question

In his landscape study The Large Turf, Albrecht Dürer blended his Northern European interest in minute detail with an Italian Renaissance interest in: - Greco-Roman mythology. - using the secular to symbolize the religious. - one-point linear perspective. - the natural world.

answer

the natural world.

question

Marguerite de Navarre modeled her Heptameron on the work of:

answer

Boccaccio

question

Matthias Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece underscores the Northern European preoccupation with - death. - disease. - witchcraft. - salvation by faith alone.

answer

death.

question

A major advantage of tapestries as decorations is that they: - provided employment for peasant women - were highly transportable - served as a means for hiding gold and silver in the threads. - were an inexpensive form of art that members of the lower classes could own.

answer

were highly transportable

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