question

What was the result of the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886?

answer

It resulted in intensified animosity toward labor unions.

question

Who founded Standard Oil?

answer

John D. Rockefeller

question

Which of the following was not one of the ways that Andrew Carnegie revolutionized the steel industry?

answer

restructuring the criteria for wages so that his workers could have the highest wage scales in the country.

question

Which of the following was not one of the features that dominated the world of large-scale manufacturing after the Civil War?

answer

a new focus on energy conservation and finding alternatives to fossil fuels.

question

What did Henry Grady advocate?

answer

He advocated diversifying the economy and expanding industrial production in the South.

question

The 1892 World's Columbian Exposition was

answer

a World's Fair held in Chicago, Illinois.

question

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act

answer

outlawed trusts and other monopolies that fixed prices in restraint of trade.

question

Mary Harris Jones

answer

was a leader of the United Mine Workers of America who expanded its membership by stressing the need to fight for families.

question

How did industrialization affect skilled craftsmen?

answer

Subdividing the manufacture of a product into smaller jobs meant that an individual no longer manufactured an entire product.

question

Where did Andrew Carnegie learn many of the successful management methods he used in the steel?

answer

as an employee of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

question

Which of the following did Thomas Edison invent?

answer

Phonograph

question

Which of the following statements concerning the use of technology in industry in the second half of the nineteenth century is true?

answer

It made it possible for manufacturers to hire cheap unskilled or semiskilled labor.

question

What did Karl Marx argue?

answer

that capitalists would eventually bring about their own destruction by driving impoverished workers to revolt.

question

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission established?

answer

to investigate and oversee railroad activities.

question

Why did women join the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteenth century?

answer

Changes in agriculture brought young farm women into the industrial labor force, and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes.

question

Which of the following issues did not impede the growth of unions in the late 19th century?

answer

Lack of interest on the part of workers because their real wages were rising and conditions were improving

question

The Piedmont is an area stretching

answer

from Virginia to Alabama.

question

How did southern cotton mills differ from northern cotton mills in the 1880s?

answer

Southern cotton mills were located in the countryside rather than cities.

question

In the United States v. Knight Company, the Supreme Court diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that

answer

manufacturing was not interstate commerce.

question

Which of the following was the result of the rapid industrial development of the United States between 1860 and 1900?

answer

an economy dominated by enormous corporations.

question

What did Henry George argue in Progress and Poverty?

answer

that the government should tax the "unearned increment" of rising land prices and use the funds to ameliorate the misery caused by industrialization.

question

In the late nineteenth century, child labor was

answer

common in the coal mines and cotton mills.

question

Which the immigrants in the West bore the brunt of labor hostility in the 1870s and 1880s?

answer

Chinese immigrants

question

Besides the fact that its all-inclusive membership undermined its unity, why did the Knights of Labor collapse in the late 1880s?

answer

Workers became disillusioned when a series of unauthorized strikes failed.

question

"Yellow dog" contracts were contracts

answer

in which workers promised not to strike or join a union.

question

Anthony Comstock was a

answer

moral-purity crusader

question

For a late-nineteenth-century unmarried working-class woman, why did amusement parks exert a powerful lure?

answer

They were places to meet friends, get away from parental supervision, and try out the latest dance steps.

question

According to its defenders in the late nineteenth century, college football

answer

was a character-building sport that could function as a surrogate frontier experience in an increasingly urbanized society.

question

The Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association were formed mainly to

answer

assist rural young men and women who migrated to the city.

question

Frances Willard was important because she

answer

headed the Woman's Christian Temperance Union that pursued various reform issues.

question

Which of the following was a typical feature of daily life in a late-nineteenth-century American city?

answer

Cultural diversity

question

Which of the following ideas was not part of the central philosophy of Walter Rauschenbusch?

answer

He believed that if working class Americans could attend plays and concerts, they would be motivated to be more religious.

question

Where was baseball the most popular?

answer

in urban areas with large working-class populations.

question

Who were the "new immigrants" who poured into the United States between 1890 and 1920?

answer

Southern and eastern Europeans

question

How were the new research universities of the late 19th century different from earlier colleges?

answer

They offered courses in a wide variety of subject areas, established professional schools, and encouraged faculty members to pursue basic research.

question

What did the work of Frances Willard of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union show about many women in the late nineteenth century?

answer

They could challenge the cult of domesticity and expand women's sphere while at the same time remaining committed to women's nurturing and supportive role within the family.

question

In the late 19th century, John L. Sullivan represented America's love affair with

answer

boxing.

question

The Salvation Army was

answer

organized along pseudo-military lines to provide food, shelter, and temporary employment for families.

question

Who was known as the king of ragtime?

answer

Scott Joplin

question

In 1890, approximately what portion of the population of greater New York had been born abroad or were children of foreign parents?

answer

Four out of five

question

Josephine Shaw Lowell and the New York Charity Organization Society wanted

answer

their aid recipients to move towards self-sufficiency.

question

In what type of building did most urban poor people live in the late 19th century?

answer

Tenements

question

What major change took place during the late nineteenth century in the teaching of medicine, architecture, engineering, and law?

answer

Standards were raised and practice was professionalized.

question

Why did leisure-time activities become increasingly important to the working class during the late nineteenth century?

answer

Factory labor was growing more routine and impersonal, and social interactions at the workplace were increasingly inhibited.

question

Which of the following is not an indicator of women's changing relationship to men during the last decades of the nineteenth century?

answer

The growing popularity of catalog and department stores

question

Who established Hull House?

answer

Jane Addams

question

Who coined the term "conspicuous consumption" to describe the excessive materialism and flaunting of wealth of America's captains of industry?

answer

Thorstein Veblen

question

Which of the following is the story of an innocent and attractive girl from Wisconsin who is seduced by a traveling salesman, moves in with the married proprietor of a fancy saloon, and eventually pursues a career in the theater?

answer

Sister Carrie

question

Why did young farm women lead the exodus from rural areas to cities?

answer

Farm work was increasingly becoming male work because of mechanization.

question

Which of the following people established an inner-city church to reach out to the poor?

answer

William S. Rainsford

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes urban growth in the late 19th century?

answer

Urban populations grew dramatically with cities such as Chicago growing more than fivefold.

question

What form of theatrical entertainment drew the largest audiences in late-nineteenth-century America?

answer

Vaudeville

question

Which of the following is not an example of the impact of the department store?

answer

It convinced middle class families to buy cheaper products that they would have to replace annually.

question

During the 1880s and 1890s, which new obligation was added to the traditional middle-class woman's role as director of the household?

answer

She had to foster an artistic environment that would nurture her family's cultural improvement.

question

How did the settlement-house movement distinguish itself from other urban social-welfare organizations?

answer

It insisted that charity workers live in slum neighborhoods to better understand the living conditions of the poor.

question

Which of the following functions was not typically performed by political bosses and precinct captains?

answer

They ran settlement houses.

question

What was the main issue in the 1896 presidential election?

answer

Free silver

question

What did Southern Alliance leader Charles Macune argue?

answer

Farmers should be able to store crops in government warehouses and then borrow against those crops until prices rose.

question

In late-nineteenth-century cases dealing with the rights of blacks, what did the Supreme Court decide?

answer

Racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities.

question

In the 1892 election, what happened to the Populist party?

answer

It received over one million votes across the nation.

question

Which of the following was ceded to the United States by Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War?

answer

Guam

question

Which of the following was a goal of the Greenback Party?

answer

an expanded money supply

question

Grover Cleveland proposed a reduction of the tariff rates because

answer

the tariff was feeding a large and growing federal budget surplus.

question

Where was the Democratic party strongest in the late 19th century?

answer

South

question

Which of the following is associated with the administration of Benjamin Harrison?

answer

A record-high tariff

question

Which of the following was not a goal of the Populist and Farmer's Alliance movements?

answer

a higher protective tariff.

question

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that

answer

separate but equal facilities for the different races were constitutional.

question

What did the civil-service reformers of the late 1870s and early 1880s want?

answer

a professional civil service based on merit and staffed by gentlemen.

question

Where did the United States and Germany almost have a naval clash in the late 19th century?

answer

Samoan Islands

question

What event triggered the Panic of 1893?

answer

The collapse of a railroad

question

How did William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer change the newspaper industry?

answer

They competed for readers by writing sensationalized stories that captured the reader's attention.

question

What two issues dominated national politics in the 1870s and 1880s?

answer

The money supply and civil-service reform

question

What happened to James Garfield's presidency?

answer

It never really got started since he was assassinated soon after coming to office.

question

Why was the 1892 election significant to U.S. history?

answer

The Populist Party showed it was a potential threat to the Republican and Democratic Parties

question

Which of the following was not a tool that southern states used to disfranchise blacks after Reconstruction?

answer

Outright legal prohibitions

question

Why is the Currency Act of 1900 significant?

answer

It committed the United States to the gold standard.

question

Who wrote The Influence of Sea Power on History?

answer

Alfred Thayer Mahan

question

What did Coxey's Army want?

answer

a $500 million public-works program funded with paper money.

question

What did Booker T. Washington argue?

answer

that black Americans should acquire useful skills and patiently accept their lot until racism faded.

question

What did the Pendleton Act do?

answer

It established a civil-service commission.

question

What happened in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

answer

Filipino resistance fighters fought a protracted and bloody guerrilla war against United States rule.

question

Why did the federal government during the late nineteenth century tend to ignore the social consequences of industrialization?

answer

Most American leaders, regardless of party, believed in the laissez-faire doctrine and did not support a large governmental role in the economy.

question

What did the "separate but equal" doctrine mean?

answer

As long as facilities were equivalent, they did not have to be integrated.

question

In late-nineteenth-century cases dealing with the rights of blacks, what did the Supreme Court decide?

answer

Racial segregation was constitutional as long as each race had equal facilities.

question

Who became famous for the "Cross of Gold" speech in the 1896 presidential election?

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

In the 1896 election, which area was a center of William McKinley's political support?

answer

Urban areas

question

"Machine politics" was

answer

a form of urban politics where local politicians, known as bosses, dominated urban areas.

question

Which of the candidates in the 1912 presidential election advocated the most far-reaching changes for American society?

answer

Eugene V. Debs

question

What happened to the 1916 Keating-Owen Act?

answer

The Supreme Court ruled it ruled unconstitutional.

question

Which of the following was not a goal of municipal reformers?

answer

privatizing water, gas, and public transportation, for greater efficiency.

question

W. E. B. Du Bois was the author of

answer

The Souls of Black Folk.

question

Which of the following amendments is not accurately defined?

answer

The Seventeenth Amendment allows the direct election of members of the House of Representatives.

question

John Muir is best known for his work in

answer

preserving America's wilderness areas.

question

Jim Crow laws were

answer

a method of imposing strict segregation in things like streetcars, trains, schools, parks, public buildings, and cemeteries.

question

Who was Eugene V. Debs?

answer

He led the Socialist Party in the early 20th century.

question

According to John Dewey, schools need to

answer

become the engines of social change.

question

During the first two decades of the twentieth century, what was the greatest source of urban population growth?

answer

Immigration

question

What happened to the white-collar middle class in the United States from 1900 to 1920?

answer

It more than doubled in size and grew at over twice the rate than the work force as a whole during the same period.

question

In the early twentieth century, how did many middle-class women begin to view employment outside the home?

answer

as a potential opportunity.

question

What might be considered Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring domestic legacy?

answer

increasing public interest in environmental conservation.

question

What did Booker T. Washington believe was the best way for blacks to improve their status in the United States?

answer

They should accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society.

question

Which statement about the progressive movement is correct?

answer

Progressives wanted to restrain big business and protect the economically vulnerable.

question

Amusement parks were important to the urban poor because they

answer

provided an opportunity for a brief escape from life in the tenements.

question

The 1910 Mann Act

answer

made it a federal crime to transport a woman across a state line "for immoral purposes."

question

Robert La Follette was

answer

a progressive reformer who established policies that were labeled the "Wisconsin Idea".

question

The Federal Reserve Act, signed into law by Woodrow Wilson, provided a banking system that was

answer

under mixed public and private control.

question

Which of the following women is not properly paired with her reform activity?

answer

Emma Goldman: work-related diseases and health hazards

question

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act

answer

placed more restrictions on business activities that could lead to the formation of a monopoly.

question

What did the Hepburn act of 1906 do?

answer

It empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum railroad rates and to examine the financial records of railroad companies.

question

How did the Ballinger-Pinchot debate influence the relationship between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft?

answer

It widened the rift between Roosevelt and Taft.

question

Which of the following statements does not accurately describe Black Americans in the early 20th century?

answer

William Lloyd Garrison led a campaign against lynchings.

question

Why did many progressives advocate restricting immigration to the United States?

answer

They concluded that since the immigrant city bred problems, immigrants should be excluded.

question

Where was the American Federation of Labor's main source of strength?

answer

Skilled trades

question

The Great White Fleet was a squadron of battleships sent around the world in 1907-1909 by

answer

Theodore Roosevelt.

question

The Fourteen Points were

answer

Woodrow Wilson's statement of American war aims.

question

Which of the following was not a way that World War I affected American women?

answer

Millions of women entered the work force for the first time.

question

The Open Door Notes advocated free and open trade with which of the following countries?

answer

China.

question

How did the Russo-Japanese war come to an end?

answer

Theodore Roosevelt mediated the conflict and negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth between them.

question

Why did the United States begin to lend money to the European powers after August 1915?

answer

The Wilson administration feared the economic, financial, and social consequences of American industry's failing to secure European business.

question

Which of the following descriptions best describes the American army when the United States entered World War I?

answer

It was woefully unprepared, with little combat experience and an aging officer corps.

question

Why did black Americans migrate to northern cities during World War I?

answer

They were seeking the economic opportunities afforded by northern industrial expansion.

question

The Creel Committee on Public Information

answer

used propaganda to spread the U.S. government's official version of the war.

question

The Zimmermann telegram

answer

proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico in a war against the United States after which, Mexico would receive New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona.

question

In the two years after the conclusion of World War I, which of the following occurred in the United States?

answer

wide-scale harassment of suspected radicals, violence against blacks, and a rash of strikes

question

Which of the following is not true about the American economy during World War I?

answer

The civilian work force contracted as Americans joined the armed forces.

question

Which of the following nations used propaganda most effectively to demonize its enemy prior to the America's entrance into the war?

answer

Great Britain

question

What was the main issue in the 1916 presidential elections?

answer

the war in Europe.

question

In response to the sinking of the Lusitania, the United States

answer

demanded that Germany cease unrestricted submarine warfare.

question

Which of the following was not one of the reasons that Woodrow Wilson's efforts at the Versailles Peace Conference were hampered even before he left the United States?

answer

The Germans had already rejected the Fourteen Points as a basis of negotiations.

question

In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that

answer

the government could curtail free speech when exercise of it presented a "clear and present danger" to the country.

question

What was the initial reaction of most Americans to the outbreak of World War I in Europe?

answer

They wanted to ensure that the United States could stay out of the conflict.

question

The "gentlemen's agreement" was an

answer

arrangement in which Japan agreed to end the emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States.

question

Which statement best describes the Treaty of Versailles?

answer

It was harsh in that it stripped Germany of territory and saddled that country with immense reparations.

question

Which of the following statements about the experiences of blacks during World War I is correct?

answer

Black soldiers served in segregated units.

question

Which of the following was not one of the ways that Germany alienated many Americans?

answer

It distributed lurid and exaggerated propaganda about atrocities by the British.

question

Which 1917 legislative act established the American draft in World War I?

answer

Selective Service Act

question

Which of the following nations used propaganda most effectively to demonize its enemy prior to the America's entrance into the war?

answer

Great Britain

question

The purpose of the Commission on Training Camp Activities was to

answer

wage a campaign against alcohol use and immoral behavior among American soldiers in World War I.

question

What did the presidential election of 1920 demonstrate?

answer

The nation was spiritually drained and wanted "normalcy."

question

In order to acquire the right for the United States to build a canal across Panama in 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt

answer

helped facilitate a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia and then negotiated a treaty to lease a strip of territory.

question

What groups were the Farm Security Administration designed to benefit?

answer

Tenant farmers and sharecroppers

question

Which of the following companies bitterly resisted unionization in the 1930s?

answer

Ford Motor Company

question

The Scottsboro Boys were

answer

African-American teenagers sentenced to death by an all-white jury on highly suspect rape charges.

question

What did Eleanor Roosevelt see as her primary role as First Lady?

answer

She wanted to serve as an observer for her husband and promote social reform.

question

What vision of the future did the Futurama exhibit at the New York World's Fair of 1939 feature?

answer

A complex interstate highway network of the future.

question

Which piece of New Deal legislation established the principle of federal responsibility for social welfare and created the basic framework for the welfare system?

answer

Social Security Act

question

Which group faced appalling labor conditions in California's agricultural regions?

answer

Mexican-Americans

question

What was the radio adaptation of War of the Worlds about?

answer

An alien landing

question

The Committee for Industrial Organization was established

answer

to organize all workers in a particular industry, regardless of race, gender, or degree of skill.

question

Which of the following was not a popular pastime during the depression?

answer

Watching television

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about unemployment during the New Deal?

answer

As late as 1939 more than 17 percent of the labor force remained jobless.

question

What was the purpose of the National Resources Planning Board?

answer

It facilitated state and regional management of water, soil, timber, and minerals.

question

Which of the following did the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 not do?

answer

It outlawed closed shops.

question

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of the stock market in the months leading up to the October 1929 crash?

answer

Steep income-tax hikes suddenly cut the flow of money into the market.

question

Which of the following agencies was created during the Hoover administration to help failing financial institutions and continued to be active through the New Deal years?

answer

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

question

What did John Steinbeck describe in The Grapes of Wrath?

answer

He described the desperate struggles of an uprooted dust-bowl family.

question

Which statement best describes Franklin Roosevelt's position concerning the Depression in the 1932 presidential campaign?

answer

He promised to end the depression but offered only vague plans describing how he was going to do it.

question

Who were the 1932 "bonus marchers"?

answer

World War I veterans who marched on Washington to lobby for immediate cash payments of their veterans' bonuses.

question

What happened to Roosevelt's "court-packing" plan?

answer

He had to drop it but was nevertheless able to replace four members of the Supreme Court who died or retired.

question

Which of the following pieces of legislation was an attempt at campaign reform in the late 1930s?

answer

Hatch Act

question

What did the 1935 Social Security Act do?

answer

It offered financial assistance for the elderly and the disabled.

question

Which New Deal legislation banned child labor, established a minimum wage, and set maximum hours for the work week?

answer

Fair Labor Standards Act

question

Which writer captured the political idealism of the Spanish Civil War in a novel?

answer

Ernest Hemingway

question

What environmental disaster struck the nation during the Depression?

answer

Dust Bowl

question

How did the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) influence the labor movement?

answer

All of these choices

question

The Civilian Conservation Corps

answer

employed jobless young men in rural projects such as reforestation, park maintenance, and erosion control.

question

What did the 1935 Social Security Act do?

answer

It offered financial assistance for the elderly and the disabled.

question

A growing anti-business attitude during the first Hundred Days of the New Deal could be detected in which of the following programs?

answer

Federal Securities Act

question

Which statement best represents the economic status of farm families during the 1930s?

answer

Many farm families gave up because of debt and the drought.

question

What did Eleanor Roosevelt see as her primary role as First Lady?

answer

She wanted to serve as an observer for her husband and promote social reform.

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