IB History of the Americas Midterm-(Essay Topics) – Flashcards

• 9/13 states must ratify • Federalist essays o 85 articles o 30 by madison o 50 by Hamilton o 5 by jay • Checks and balances made this the perfect system- Hamilton

• State Politicians that didn't want influence to diminish or thought it would create too strong of a central government • Believed government would be overtaken by the wealthy • The constitution gave them the opposite of liberty • Got its support from smaller farmers and more southern heritage people • 1788 9 states ratified, RI and NC voted against • Thus Anti-fed died out

• Approved in 1791 • Madison thought they were pointless because the constitution basically covered everything • If you don't know the first four amendments you don't deserve to breathe • Many things in the Bill of Rights came from documents before them ex. Decleration of House of Lords

• Worsening Economy o Congress borrowed large sums of money to finance the revolution Sold bonds and notes to be redeemed in the future o Government lacked a secure source of revenue and could not pay the debts o American ships were barred from trading with the West Indies o Imported goods flooded the market, undercutting American businesses and draining money from the country

- belief in complete freedom/equality and end to slavery - long, drawn out process in the North

- issue of slavery threatened to disrupt nation's unity - Missouri wanted admission to the Union as a state, but republicans did not want any more slave states (Missouri had a huge slave population) - James Tallmadge (republican, NY) proposed that the introduction of further slaves be prohibited & the children of slaves in Missouri be freed at age 25 - sparked 2 years of controversy, eventually died in the senate - Senator Jesse Thomas (IL) came up with Missouri compromise in1820 - 3 parts: - Missouri would be authorized to draft a constitution without Tallmadge's restriction - Maine would be admitted a free state to maintain the balance between free & slave states - slavery would be prohibited in all remaining territory within the Louisiana purchase north of latitude 36 30' - the compromise was accepted by congress, Missouri created their own constitution

- in 1850, California asked to be admitted as a free state - southerners opposed, fearing that it would upset the balance - compromise of 1850 proposed by Senator Henry Clay - 4 parts: - California would enter the union as a free state - slave trade, but not slavery itself, would be abolished in DC - a new law would allow southerners to to reclaim runaway slaves - status of slavery in the remaining territories acquired from Mexico would be decided by popular sovereignty

- Slavery was prohibited in Kansas & Nebraska under the Missouri compromise - in 1854 Stephen Douglas had introduced a bill to provide territorial goverments for Kansas and Nebraska, repealing the Missouri compromise - Kansas-Nebraska bill came law- slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty - political parties completely reorganized- whig party collapsed, republican party formed, south became solidly democratic

- Constant fight over colored equality - Conflict over expansion of slavery into northwest territories -Abolitionists vs. non-abolitionists

- Moved from Jefferson Agrarianism (Producing own clothes, food, etc), family worked together, PROPERTY WAS IMPORTANT SIGN OF STATUS AND EVEN USED TO BE ELIGIBLE TO VOTE -Growth of cities - Skills set dilute and are replaced by machines -Competition grows -People no longer working at home -Devaluation of women's labor (Women doing housekeeping and selling daughters into prostitution) -Novelty and choice in products now that everything is made faster and more differently -Democracy affects appearance, everyone begins to dress the same-> no status symbolic clothing

* Largest number of immigrants from Ireland were refuges from the Great Famine * The Irish took mostly low-class, unskilled jobs the native born Americans didn't want * 2nd largest number of immigrants were German who were mostly skilled craftsmen, shopkeepers and farmers [skilled workers] * Germans created their own schools, newspapers, and churches * 40,000 Scandinavians settled mostly on farms in the old northwest, failure of Chartist movement of 1840's democratized the system of government in Britain- inspired English workers to immigrate to US

* Corporations start growing quickly * Inventions of Cotton Gin, Steamboat, Sewing Machine, and Reaper invented which all contributed to the opportunity for corporations * Oliver Plow (another invention that was able to plow through the hard soil in the west) Helped to have the fields in the west *Railroads in north, Erie Canal, and national road all helped transport goods