IB History Fidel Castro – Flashcards
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Oct 1868
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First War of Independence (Ten Years War) begins
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Feb 1895
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Jose Martí begins a Second War of Independence
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July 1898
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USA defeats Spain in Spanish-American War; Cuba is ceded to the USA
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March 1901
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the US Platt Amendment
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May 1902
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Cuba becomes independent, under US 'protection'
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May 1927
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Machado's dictatorship begins
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Aug 1933
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Machado flees- de Céspedes becomes president
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Sep 1933
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Sergeant's coup takes place, led by Batista; Grau becomes president
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Jan 1934
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Batista increases power; Grau steps down; opposition is repressed
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Aug 1940
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New constitution is passed
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Oct 1940
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Batista is elected president
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Jun 1944
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Batista is succeeded by Grau
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Mar 1952
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Batista heads another coup
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Jul 1953
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Castro launches an attack on the Moncada army barracks, "Manifesto of the Revolutionaries of Moncada to the Nation" is published
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Oct 1953
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Castro makes his 'History will absolve me' speech
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Jul 1955
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Castro goes to Mexico; 26 July Movement is formed
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Mar 1956
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Castro writes a letter publicly announcing 26 July Movement
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Dec 1956
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Castro's band of revolutionaries lands in Cuba; guerilla war begins in the Sierra Maestra mountains
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May 1958
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Batista's unsuccessful offensive
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Jul 1958
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Caracas Pact; communist PSP begins co-operation with the 26 July Movement
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New Years Eve 1958
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Batista resigns and flees the island.
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Jan 1959
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Castro enters Havana, Castro's movement takes power, Office of Revolutionary Plans and Co-ordination is established
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Feb 1959
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Castro becomes prime minister
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Mar 1959
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Nationalisation of public utilities; Castro makes his 'Proclamation against discrimination'
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Apr 1959
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Castro announces suspension of elections
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May 1959
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National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA) is set up
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Jun 1959
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Agrarian Reform Act
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Jul 1959
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Urrutia resigns as president; Osvaldo Dorticós takes over
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Oct 1959
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Huber Matos and supporters are imprisoned
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Feb 1960
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Trade deal is signed with Soviet Union
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May 1960
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US oil companies in Cuba refuse to refine Soviet crude oil
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April 1960
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Soviet crude oil is delivered
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Jun 1960
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Castro nationalises US refineries (foreign oil refineries)
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Jul 1960
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US reduces quota for Cuban sugar; Soviet Union agrees to buy the surplus
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Aug 1960
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Main US businesses in Cuba are nationalised, Fedration of Cuban Women (FMC) is set up
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Sep 1960
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Castro makes his 'First declaration of Havana' speech; all remaining US companies are nationalised, Committees for the Defence of the Revolution (CDRs) are set up
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Nov 1960
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First US trade embargo on exports to Cuba
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Feb 1961
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Guevara becomes minister of industries
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Apr 1961
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Castro proclaims Cuba's socialist revolution; failure of Bay of Pigs invasion, 'Year of Education' mass literacy campaign begins
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Jul 1961
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26 July Movement, communist PSP and Directorio Revolucionario (DR) merge to form the Integrated Revolutionary Organisations (ORI)
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Feb 1962
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Kennedy announces full US embargo on exports to Cuba
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Mar 1962
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Castro moves against the Escalante faction of the communist PSP, Escalante is removed from positions
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Jul 1963
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ORI becomes the United Party of the Socialist Revolution (PURS)
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Oct 1962
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Oct 1965
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PURS becomes the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC)
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Nov 1965
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Camarioca Exodus
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Feb 1968
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'Microfaction' Affair
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Nov 1969
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'Year of Decisive Endeavour' is launched
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Jul 1970
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10 million tonne campaign for sugar
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Jul 1972
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Cuba becomes a full member of Comecon
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Mar 1975
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Family Code
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Feb 1976
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New constitution to establish "Poder Popular" is approved
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Dec 1976
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First meeting of the new National Assembly, Castro becomes president
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1977
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Centro Nacional de Educación Sexual (CNES) is founded
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1979
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Same-sex relations are decriminalised
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Apr 1986
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'Rectification Campgain'
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Apr 1989
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Gorbachev visits Cuba
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Jun-Jul 1989
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Ochoa Affair
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Jan 1990
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'Special Period' begins
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Dec 1991
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Soviet Union collapses
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Jul 1992
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Constitution is amended
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Jan 1993
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US embargo on Cuba is tightened; Castro introduces some market reforms
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Feb 1993
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First direct elections to the National Assembly
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Feb 1996
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US trade embargo is made permanent
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Mar 1996
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Actions against the Centre for the Study of America (CEA) group
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Jan 1998
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Pope John Paul II visits Cuba
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Jun 2002
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National Assembly amends constitution to make socialist system of government permanent
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Mar 2003
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Varela Project activists are arrested
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Feb 2008
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Fidel Castro announces his resignation, Raúl takes over
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2010
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State provides free gender reassignment surgery
