hw2 questions – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
ecologic comparison
answer
sometimes called a cross-sectional ecologic study
question
cross sectional study allows
answer
the demonstration of a time sequence between exposure and disease
question
controls are needed in a case-control study to
answer
evaluate whether the frequency of a factor or past exposure among the cases is different from that among comparable persons who do not have the disease under investigation
question
mortality from cancer of uterus rises
answer
with age regardless of whether or not estrogen is used
question
case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of
answer
low prevalence
question
examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include
answer
cohort studies
question
what type of study is the lifestyle variable cancer patients study?
answer
case-control
question
does the study have an exposure status variable
answer
yes, lifestyle
question
does this study have a disease status variable
answer
yes, cancer
question
in a case-control study, the odds ratio is used as an estimate of the relative risk
answer
the exposure in question is rare in the population.
question
cohort studies enable the investigator to study cause and effect because the
answer
temporality of exposure and disease is known
question
repeated cross-sectional surveys may
answer
underestimate past smoking behavior of older age cohorts.
question
in cohort studies,
answer
information can be obtained on rare exposures
question
used in cohort studies, the relative risk is a measure
answer
of the strength of association between a possible risk factor and a disease
question
survival curves may be used
answer
to portray patient's survival in a clinical trial
question
failure to account for age cohort effects in smoking prevalence may
answer
obscure the fact that there had been a shift in the age of onset for lung cancer toward earlier ages.
question
a major advantage of cohort studies over case-control studies with respect to the role of a suspected factor is that
answer
they permit direct estimation of risk of disease in those exposed to the suspected factor
question
cohort study is to risk ratio as
answer
case-control study is to odds ratio
question
example of population-based cohort study
answer
tecumseh, framingham, iowa, all of the above
question
nested case-control studies
answer
use subjects drom a cohort study, provide degree of control, reduce costs, all of the above
question
passive follow-up in cohort studies is
answer
collection and maintenance of data by the federal government
question
a clinical trial entails comparing a group of patients treated with a test treatment
answer
to a comparable group of patients receiving a control treatment
question
randomized control community trials
answer
may be used in special situations such as simple interventions
question
controlled clinical trials enable researchers to
answer
do all of the following
question
in contrast to observational studies, intervention studies are employed to test
answer
the efficacy of prevention measures
question
the stanford five-city project, used two types of surveys
answer
cohort and cross-sectional surveys
question
prophylactic trial is designed to
answer
evaluate the effectiveness of a substance used to prevent disease
question
surrogate endpoints in clinical trials may include
answer
all of the above
question
the purpose of a double-blinding in clinical trial is to
answer
a & b
question
phase iii clinical trials for a cancer drug involve
answer
comparing survival rates for the new drug versus extant therapies.
question
the purpose of randomization is
answer
to reduce errors that resul tofform assignment to study conditions
question
major advantage of community trials
answer
estimate directly the realistic impact of behavior change
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New