question

Which of the following helped foster the establishment of communist states in Eastern Europe after 1945?

answer

Soviet diplomatic pressure, political infiltration, and military power

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One of the consequences of World War II that would shape European history for nearly 50 years was

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the emergence of two "superpowers," The US, and the Soviet Union

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The stated US policy of containment regarding the Soviet Union in post-WW2 world was set fort in 1946 by

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George Kennan

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In a 1947 speech to congress, president Harry S Truman set out his policy of support for the resistance of "free peoples" to communism by tying politics to economics; it would be a choice between "two ways of life." This policy was known as

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The Truman Doctrine

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To counter the United States' Marshall Plan in Western Europe, the Soviet Union created its own economic plan for recovery and redevelopment in Eastern Europe known as

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Comecon

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In 1955, the Soviet union and its allies in Eastern Europe responded to the formation of NATO with the formation of

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The Warsaw Pact

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The Soviet union viewed having friendly governments that it could control on its Eastern European borders as

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both a "spear and a shield"

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Which of the following was NOT an important element of the Marshall plan

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the restriction of Catholic political movements, which tended toward an inherent suspicion of American culture and political moves.

question

The first organization that helped promote European economic cooperation was founded in 1951 as the

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European Coal and Steel Company

question

One of the results of the agreements at Bretton Woods, which created both the International Monetary Fund and the World bank, was

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the pegging of all other currencies to the US Dollar

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Which of the following political trends was one of the long-term results of the EECs success

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individual European nations looked to European solutions to their problems

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The economic expansion and development of Europe after WW2 led to the creation of the

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welfare state

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The tenets of Marxism called for a revolution by the proletariat, that is, the industrial workers. However, China was a nation of peasants, so an anticolonial adaptation of Marxism was provided during the 1940s by

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Mao Zedong

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One of the most promising of the newly independent African nations, Ghana, soon fell victim to corruption under its first president

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Kwame Nkrumah

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Britain encouraged the creation of a federated state in its former African colony of ____________, but the new nation rapidly disintegrated along racial lines into separate states

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Rhodesia

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Marking the end of imperialist impunity, in 1956 the joint British, French, and Israeli attack on Egypt to seize control of the Suez canal failed. This failure left the Arab nationalist________more firmly in power and more influential in the Arab world than before the intervention

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Gamal Abdel Nasser

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Because of the mutual suspicions and political aspirations of India's Hindu-dominated Congress Party and the Muslim League, when the British finally quit India in 1947...

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the country was partitioned into India and Pakistan

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A major miscalculation by the French in their effort to regain and retain French Indochina resulted in their dramatic defeat at the battle of

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Dien Bien Phu

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Although the war in Indochina was hard on the French, the war in Algeria was much harder, because it involved fighting on three fronts: a guerilla war in the countryside, a war of terror in Algeria's cities, and war

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of opinion at home, dividing the country along political lines and bringing down the government

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The philosophy of existentialism, building on the earlier ideas of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Kierkegaard, states that individuals

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are condemned to be free and therefore can give their lives meaning only through their choices and actions

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Joseph Heller's wildly popular novel Catch-22, which expresses a form of popular existentialism, is concerned with the absurdity of

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war

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In the aftermath of WW2, most people would have preferred simply to forget about their experiences, but according to the polish writer Heda Margolis K Kovaly,

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it was the war that refused to be forgotten

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In the decades following WW2, some intellectuals attempted to determine how such a phenomena as Nazism and Stalinism could take root in society. many, such as Hannah Arendt, refused to demonize the political systems themselves and instead explored what Arendt termed...

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"The banality of evil"

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Although many intellectuals wanted to investigate the mentality of Nazism, others simply wanted people to remember. many survivors of the concentration camps, such as___________, wanted others to know what had happened and to not forget.

answer

Primo Levi

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A former member of the Gestapo who was smuggled out of Europe by American intelligence services to help him avoid prosecution in return for his assistance in fighting communism was

answer

Klaus Barbie

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By the mid 1960s, Germany and _____ had significant populations of foreign workers

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France

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The new culture of mass consumption in Western Europe was marked by

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the institution of credit payments for purchases

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One postwar invention that helped further the spread of popular music was

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the transistor radio

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In the 1960s, a crack in the monolithic façade of the Americanization of Western culture appeared on the music scene with the

answer

"British invasion"

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One of the contributing factors to the sexual revolution of the 1960s was the ready availability of

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oral contraceptives

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In 1963, betty Friedan challenged many of the myths about women's roles, especially that of the supposedly happy housewife, in

answer

The Feminine Mystique

question

In 1948 and again in 1953, ________ made human sexual behavior a topic of conversation and offered the "truth about sex"

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the Kinsey reports

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During the 1960s, although most African American leaders were working within the civil rights movement, some sought complete independence from white society. The most influential of these nationalist leaders was

answer

Malcolm X

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Which of the following was NOT an issue addressed by the American civil rights movement?

answer

greater tolerance of minority religions, particularly Islam

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Which of the following was/were directly gave rise to the unrest in Paris during 1968?

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demands for modernization of university life and wage increases for embattled industries

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in 1968, the Soviet union sent in troops and proclaimed the Brezhnev Doctrine to suppress the Prague spring, led by Alexander Dubcek and other Czechoslovakian reformers who sought

answer

to democratize the Czechoslovakian Communist party

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By the 1970s, although new industries in Europe continued to prosper,

answer

basic industries such as steel, coal, and railways were running up debt and deficits

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In 1973, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

answer

imposed an oil embargo against Western powers, driving up the cost of oil significantly

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The economies of the soviet union and eastern Europe also suffered during the 1970s as a result of inefficiency, high military expenditures, and, in the case of Eastern Europe,

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massive debts to Western countries

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By 1984, unemployment in Western Europe had reached

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19 million!

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The Russian term perestroika refers to a

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program of economic restructuring in the Soviet Union

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The political unrest in eastern Europe that had surface in 1968 peaked again in 1980 with the rise of a politicized labor in Poland. __________ organized strikes that threatened to bring the government down.

answer

Solidarity

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After the success of the "velvet revolution" in Czechoslovakia, the playwright ________ was elected president in the first open elections.

answer

Vaclav Havel

question

The last general secretary of the communist party of the soviet union was

answer

Mikhail Gorbachev

question

In November 1989, the embodiment of the Cold War, the ________, was torn down by ordinary citizens

answer

Berlin Wall

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Arguably the most repressive dictatorship in Eastern Europe was that of Nicolae Ceausescu in

answer

Romania

question

To what does the term "velvet divorce" refer?

answer

the collapse of Czechoslovakia into separate nations of the Czech Republic and Slovakia

question

During the late 1980s and 1990s, much of Eastern Europe made a peaceful transition from communism to democracy. however, there were some exceptions, most notably Yugoslavia under the rule of

answer

Slobodan Milosevic

question

The term "ethnic cleansing" was coined in reference to

answer

deliberate campaigns of terror conducted by Serbian guerillas in Bosnia to force the flight of much larger populations of Muslims and Croatians

question

Resentment by West Germans towards East Germans continued into the 1990s after the Berlin Wall came down because of a "wall in the mind," as it was called by

answer

Gunter Grass

question

The process of globalization is a process of

answer

creating more and larger networks of interconnectivity

question

Globalization and internationalization are not synonymous, because globalization can occur

answer

quite independent of national control

question

Among other effects and results of globalization seems to be

answer

the erosion of the sovereignty of nation-states

question

by the late 20th century, electronic devices had revolutionized the lives of individuals, but none to the degree of

answer

personal computers

question

The neoliberal economics of the 1970s stressed

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free markets and profit incentives with restraints on budget deficits and social welfare programs

question

the recent global economic crisis has sparked new debates in the past few years that have centered on a belief in

answer

self-regulating markets

question

A typical example of the early kind of terrorist organizations formed in the 1960s is

answer

the Red Brigades

question

By the late 20th century, health officials' worried that a disease would spread to epidemic proportions much more quickly due to accelerated rates of travel were confirmed by

answer

HIV

question

Certain postcolonial regions have generate a certain amount of income and prosperity by taking advantage of profitable markets in the West, including the demand for

answer

illegal drugssss

question

By the turn of the 21st century, the largest heavy industrial producer in the world was

answer

China

question

In Rwanda, the tensions and ethnic hatreds that had been suppressed during Belgian colonial rule exploded into the massacre of __________ by Hutus while the Western World and the rest of Africa hesitated to intervene, even on humanitarian grounds

answer

Tutsis

question

In North Africa and the Middle East, many newly emerging nations sank into corruption and cronyism while public services declined and dissent was suppressed. These systems have been referred to as

answer

kleptocracies

question

Ethnic conflicts in Indonesia that had been dormant for some time were reignited in the 1990s due to

answer

inflation and unemployment

question

Pan-Arabists generally

answer

are secular, anticolonial nationalist promoting Arab self-reliance

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Among the political Islamists who criticized the postcolonial Arab ruling elites for pursuing policies that were morally bankrupt and that polluted Islam, the most influential was

answer

Sayyid Qutb

question

The decisive difference between the earlier terrorist organizatiosn of the 1960s and those that developed in the 1980s and 1990s was that the newer ones were

answer

committed to a world-ending conflict that would eliminate their enemies and grant themselves martyrdom

question

The middle east has drawn more attention in recent years for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

answer

Iraq's Islamic Revolution

question

Many of the oil-producing countries of the world have organized themselves into a cartel to regulate the production and the pricing of oil. This cartel is called the

answer

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

question

in 1978, Egypt and Israel signed a peace agreement that was brokered by the American president

answer

Jimmy Carter

question

Since 1987, Palestinians living in Gaza and the west bank have been carrying on a low-level fight against the Israeli security forces, a fight known as

answer

the intifada

question

The Ayatollah ________, a Muslim cleric, stepped into the power vacuum in Iran after the overthrow of the West-friendly shah in 1979

answer

Ruhollah Khomeini

question

The mujahidin were religious fighters who gained their reputation battling

answer

the Soviet union in Afghanistan

question

The last U.S. troops left Iraq in

answer

2011

question

beginning in December of 2010, a wave of popular protest and insurrections exploded in the Arab Middle East that is referred to as the

answer

Arab Spring

question

Although an attempt was made following WW1 to safeguard individuals against nation-states, nothing was accomplished until 1948, when the united Nations adopted the

answer

Universal declaration of human rights

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