Human Nutrition Exam 2

To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?

The ___________________________ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.

The ______ system is assisted by the lymphatic system and the physical barriers of the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?

Where does digestion begin?

Most chemical digestion takes place in the

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the

The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called

A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines

Where are most digestive enzymes produced?

muscular movement of materials through the GI tract.

The study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called

What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?

These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.

A function of the large intestine is to absorb

Which absorptive process in the small intestine requires a carrier and energy to transport nutrients into absorptive cells?

When a nutrient moves, with the help of a carrier, from an area of higher solute concentration into an absorptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called

A compound that allows for communication between one cell and the next is a

The name for minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is _______________. This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.

represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food.

____________ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 15% to 35%.

The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called _______________.

The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis.

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis.

For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index would be

According to revised weight-loss prediction equations, a deficit of 10 kilocalories per day leads to an average weight loss of ______ over a 3-year period.

_______________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

A common and effective surgical procedure for morbid obesity is

When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from

John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall. His body mass index is _______________ kg/m2.

Underweight is defined as a body mass index below _______________ kg/m2.

The principles of _______________________ include being aware of the entire eating experience from food preparation to consumption, including recognizing and respecting the physical hunger and satiety cues, and being wise in eating decisions.

Which of the following is characteristic of bulimics?

Which characteristic is more indicative of bulimia than anorexia nervosa?

A condition of self-induced severe weight loss, particularly common in adolescent girls, is called

What is the name of the condition characterized by disordered eating, lack of menstrual periods, and osteoporosis?

Loss of menstrual periods associated with anorexia nervosa is caused by

The first goal in nutrition therapy for anorexia nervosa is

A disorder in which frequent bingeing is followed by compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess kilocalories is called

Current research suggests that most eating disorders are caused by

The most important predictor of an eating disorder is

The practice of eating nonfood substances is called

Individuals who perceive themselves as being too thin and who engage in disordered eating behaviors to achieve weight gain may have

______ is the term used to describe a condition in which the desire to consume healthy foods becomes an obsession and begins to interfere with daily living.

What is the name of the high-energy compound that cells use directly to fuel other chemical reactions?

Which of the following supplies energy for quick bursts of intense activity lasting up to 10 seconds?

Anaerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting

Aerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting

involves tapering the intensity of workouts while increasing carbohydrate intake for several days before a competition.

For which of the following activities would carbohydrate loading be warranted?

According to sports nutrition experts, the daily protein intake for a male muscle-building athlete to maintain current fitness and strength should be _____ grams per kilogram body weight.

For every pound lost during a workout, ______ cup(s) of water should be consumed during or after exercise.

Joe loses 4 pounds of fluid by sweating during a vigorous basketball game. How many cups of fluid are needed to replenish this loss?

A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance

The use of sports drinks is critical for activities lasting

Maxine Miles runs a 10-kilometer race in 40 minutes. Most of the ATP for this activity is supplied by

Bill goes on an 8-hour continuous hike. Most of the ATP for this activity will be derived from

A fitness program that includes 30 minutes of jogging at 6 miles per hour on 5 days per week is primarily designed to improve

Heat-related condition caused by fluid loss; characterized by headaches, dizziness, muscle weakness, and visual disturbances

Painful skeletal muscle contractions occurring in people who have experienced large sweat losses from exercising for several hours in a hot climate and who have consumed a large volume of unsalted water

Condition that occurs when internal body temperature reaches 104°F; skin is hot and dry

Low blood sodium that can result from consuming a large volume of water without also replacing electrolytes

Fingerlike protrusions that participate in digestion and absorption of food

Also known as enterocytes intestinal cells that line villi and participate in nutrient absorptions

Extensive folds on the mucosal surface of the absorptive cells

Diffusion of nutrients across the absorptive cell membranes

Forms of active transport in which absorptive cell membrane forms an indentation that engulfs a nutrient to bring it into cell

Substances increases growth of probiotic microorganisms

Some water and undigested fiber, tough connective tissues