question

To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?

answer

Lungs

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The ___________________________ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.

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Endocrine

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The ______ system is assisted by the lymphatic system and the physical barriers of the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

answer

Immune

question

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

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Epiglottis

question

After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?

answer

Lymphatic

question

Where does digestion begin?

answer

Mouth

question

Most chemical digestion takes place in the

answer

Small intestine

question

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the

answer

Pyloric sphincter

question

The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called

answer

sphincters

question

A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines

answer

Chyme

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Where are most digestive enzymes produced?

answer

Pancreas and small intestine

question

muscular movement of materials through the GI tract.

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Peristalsis

question

The study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called

answer

Nutrigenomics

question

What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?

answer

95%

question

These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.

answer

Enzymes

question

A function of the large intestine is to absorb

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Water and minerals

question

Which absorptive process in the small intestine requires a carrier and energy to transport nutrients into absorptive cells?

answer

Active absorption

question

When a nutrient moves, with the help of a carrier, from an area of higher solute concentration into an absorptive cell where the concentration is lower, this is called

answer

Facilitated diffusion

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A compound that allows for communication between one cell and the next is a

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Neurotransmitter

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The name for minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is _______________. This represents about 60% to 70% of total energy expenditure.

answer

Basal metabolism

question

represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food.

answer

Thermic effect of food

question

____________ increases energy expenditure above basal energy needs by about 15% to 35%.

answer

Physical activity

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The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called _______________.

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Adaptive thermogenesis

question

The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called

answer

Indirect calorimetry

question

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis.

answer

24%

question

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis.

answer

37%

question

For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index would be

answer

27%

question

According to revised weight-loss prediction equations, a deficit of 10 kilocalories per day leads to an average weight loss of ______ over a 3-year period.

answer

One pound

question

_______________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.

answer

Android

question

A common and effective surgical procedure for morbid obesity is

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Gastric Bypass

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When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from

answer

water glycogen and muscle tissue

question

John weighs 80 kilograms and is 1.6 meters tall. His body mass index is _______________ kg/m2.

answer

31

question

Underweight is defined as a body mass index below _______________ kg/m2.

answer

18.5

question

The principles of _______________________ include being aware of the entire eating experience from food preparation to consumption, including recognizing and respecting the physical hunger and satiety cues, and being wise in eating decisions.

answer

Mindful eating

question

Which of the following is characteristic of bulimics?

answer

Binge eating

question

Which characteristic is more indicative of bulimia than anorexia nervosa?

answer

Fluctuating weight

question

A condition of self-induced severe weight loss, particularly common in adolescent girls, is called

answer

Anorexia nervosa

question

What is the name of the condition characterized by disordered eating, lack of menstrual periods, and osteoporosis?

answer

Female athlete triad

question

Loss of menstrual periods associated with anorexia nervosa is caused by

answer

Low body fat content

question

The first goal in nutrition therapy for anorexia nervosa is

answer

Stop further weight loss

question

A disorder in which frequent bingeing is followed by compensatory behaviors to rid the body of excess kilocalories is called

answer

Bulimia nervosa

question

Current research suggests that most eating disorders are caused by

answer

Genetics

question

The most important predictor of an eating disorder is

answer

Extreme dieting

question

The practice of eating nonfood substances is called

answer

Pica

question

Individuals who perceive themselves as being too thin and who engage in disordered eating behaviors to achieve weight gain may have

answer

Muscle dysmorphia

question

______ is the term used to describe a condition in which the desire to consume healthy foods becomes an obsession and begins to interfere with daily living.

answer

Orthorexia

question

What is the name of the high-energy compound that cells use directly to fuel other chemical reactions?

answer

Adenosine triphosphate

question

Which of the following supplies energy for quick bursts of intense activity lasting up to 10 seconds?

answer

Phosphocreatine

question

Anaerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting

answer

30 seconds to 2 min

question

Aerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting

answer

2 min to 4 hours

question

involves tapering the intensity of workouts while increasing carbohydrate intake for several days before a competition.

answer

Carbohydrate loading

question

For which of the following activities would carbohydrate loading be warranted?

answer

Marathon

question

According to sports nutrition experts, the daily protein intake for a male muscle-building athlete to maintain current fitness and strength should be _____ grams per kilogram body weight.

answer

1 to 1.2

question

For every pound lost during a workout, ______ cup(s) of water should be consumed during or after exercise.

answer

2 to 3

question

Joe loses 4 pounds of fluid by sweating during a vigorous basketball game. How many cups of fluid are needed to replenish this loss?

answer

10 cups

question

A free-weight workout that includes 8 to 10 different exercises performed for many repetitions with low resistance is designed mainly to enhance

answer

Muscle endurance

question

The use of sports drinks is critical for activities lasting

answer

60 min or longer

question

Maxine Miles runs a 10-kilometer race in 40 minutes. Most of the ATP for this activity is supplied by

answer

Anaerobic glucose breakdown

question

Bill goes on an 8-hour continuous hike. Most of the ATP for this activity will be derived from

answer

Breakdown of fatty acids

question

A fitness program that includes 30 minutes of jogging at 6 miles per hour on 5 days per week is primarily designed to improve

answer

Aerobic fitness

question

Heat-related condition caused by fluid loss; characterized by headaches, dizziness, muscle weakness, and visual disturbances

answer

Heat exhaustion

question

Painful skeletal muscle contractions occurring in people who have experienced large sweat losses from exercising for several hours in a hot climate and who have consumed a large volume of unsalted water

answer

Heart cramps

question

Condition that occurs when internal body temperature reaches 104°F; skin is hot and dry

answer

Heatstroke

question

Low blood sodium that can result from consuming a large volume of water without also replacing electrolytes

answer

Hyponatremia

question

Fingerlike protrusions that participate in digestion and absorption of food

answer

Villi

question

Also known as enterocytes intestinal cells that line villi and participate in nutrient absorptions

answer

Absorptive cells

question

Extensive folds on the mucosal surface of the absorptive cells

answer

Microvilli

question

Diffusion of nutrients across the absorptive cell membranes

answer

Passive diffusion

question

Forms of active transport in which absorptive cell membrane forms an indentation that engulfs a nutrient to bring it into cell

answer

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

question

Substances increases growth of probiotic microorganisms

answer

Probiotics

question

Some water and undigested fiber, tough connective tissues

answer

Feces

Human Nutrition Exam 2

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