Human Nutrition 015 – Study Guide: Test #1 Chapter 2: objectives – Flashcards

Eat a balanced diet with lots of variety to ensure you meet all your nutrient needs. Select foods from each of the following five major groups every day: grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy and protein.

Measurement of body weight and the lengths, circumferences, and thicknesses of parts of the body

Measurement of biochemical functions (e.g., concentrations of nutrient by products or enzyme activities in the blood or urine) related to a nutrient's function

Examination of general appearance of skin, eyes, and tongue; evidence of rapid hair loss; sense of touch'; and ability to cough and walk

Estimation of typical food choices relying mostly on the recounting of one's usual intake or a record of one's previous day's intake

Includes details about living condition, education level, and the ability of the person to purchase, transport and cook food. The person's weekly budget for food purchases is also a key factor to consider.

2.4 pg. 45 Using the Scientific Method to Determine Nutrient Needs Step 1. - Observation of a natural phenomenon. Step 2. - Suggest possible explanations, called hypotheses, about it's cause. Step 3. - Epidemiology - Scientists may study diet and disease patterns among various population Step 4. - Controlled experiments to try and prove the hypotheses Step 5.- Theory - If the hypotheses is proved to be true it is now called a Theory Step 5. - If the Hypotheses is proved wrong, then it's back to step 2

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) - Term used to encompass nutrient recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences. These include RDAs, AIs, EERs, and ULs.

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) - Nutrient intake amount sufficient to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of the individuals in a specific life stage.

Adequate Intake (AI - Nutrient intake amount set for any nutrient for which insufficient research is available to establish an RDA. AIs are based on estimates of intakes that appear to maintain a defined nutritional state in a specific life stage.

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) - Estimate of the energy (kcal) intake needed to match the nergy use of an average person in a specific life stage.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects in almost all people in a specific life stage.

See table 2-7 pg. 52 the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to provide nutrition and physical activity advice based on the latest and strongest scientific information to improve the health of all Americans age 2 and up. - to aid diet planning - to give direction for the development of educational materials, - to aid policy makers - and to serve as the basis for consumer nutrition messages. The recommendation are: 1.- to increase vegetable and fruit intake 2.- Eat a variety of vegetables, especially dark green, red and orange vegetables, beans and peas. 3.- To consume at least half of all grains as whole grains. Increase whole grain intake

1/2 plate of steamed carrots and broccoli, 1/4 plate plate of rice or pasta, 1/4 plate of chicken or fish and 1.5 ounces of cheese = dairy

pg. 66 Components of the nutrition label: the product name, name and address of the manufacturer, amount of product in the package, and ingredients listed in descending order by weight. **Various health claims and label descriptors allowed:

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HealthyPeople.gov http://healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx ChooseMyPlate.gov http://www.choosemyplate.gov/ The Food and Nutrition Information Center http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/