question

Pope Gregory was not only a reformer of the Church and theologian, but was the first pope to break free of Byzantine control and establish an autonomous, Western-oriented Latin church.

answer

True

question

In Byzantine schools, classical Greek literature was

answer

the basis of the curriculum, with much study of the epics of Homer.

question

The pandemic known as Justinian's plague spread rapidly through the eastern and western part of the Roman Empire because it

answer

traveled along well-established trade routes both within and outside the empire.

question

Charlemagne regularly chose the bishops in his empire.

answer

True

question

Which was the most significant event in creating Byzantine hostility toward the Latin Christian world?

answer

the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor on Christmas Day, 800

question

By the seventh century, western Europe had become a more fluid economy in which luxury goods and coinage circulated, albeit to differing degrees, among all levels of society.

answer

False

question

One result of the campaigns of Belisarius in North Africa and Italy was:

answer

the weakening of Constantinople against the Sassanids

question

Why did Justinian try to reconquer the western Roman Empire?

answer

He sought to revive and reconstruct wholly the old empire.

question

The Qur'an contains

answer

the revelations sent by God to Muhammad.

question

The word Islam means:

answer

submission

question

In their worship of Allah, Muslims worship

answer

the same deity worshiped by Christians and Jews.

question

The Shiite claim to legitimacy rests on the direct connection to Muhammad through his daughter

answer

Fatimah

question

By 1000, Vikings had reached North America.

answer

True

question

The Carolingian Empire collapsed during the ninth century:

answer

because of the division of the empire among all the legitimate heirs of Louis and the Frankish aristocracy's dissatisfaction with the fractured central authority.

question

After 750 C.E., the Umayyad dynasty abandoned Spain and focused its rule in Damascus.

answer

False

question

The overall unity of the Muslim world disintegrated during the tenth and eleventh centuries because of

answer

increasing intolerance of regional and ethnic differences of practice and belief within Islam.

question

Although the Iconoclastic Controversy was eventually resolved, its lasting effects included the

answer

destruction of nearly all pre-eighth-century religious art in the Byzantine empire.

question

The people who took advantage of the weakness of Italy due to Justinian's policies of reconquest were the:

answer

Lombards

question

One of the few rulers to successfully defend his lands against the Vikings was

answer

Alfred

question

Byzantine culture was the means by which the heritage of Western civilization was preserved for the Europe where Greek had become very rare.

answer

True

question

Leo III's support of iconoclasm may have been driven by a desire to

answer

strengthen the emperor's control over the Church at the expense of monastic control.

question

Justinian's longest lasting reform was the

answer

organization and codification of Roman law.

question

Sufism is a mystical sect of Judaism whose members stressed contemplation and ecstasy.

answer

False

question

The stability of Byzantine government was the product of:

answer

an efficient bureaucracy.

question

A long-term result of Boniface anointing Pepin on behalf of the papacy was that

answer

the power of kings was theoretically limited.

question

Why did the Romans of Italy and North Africa resent Justinian's efforts to liberate them?

answer

There was a heavy cost in taxes and lives.

question

Within Islam, social mobility was encouraged because of

answer

the teachings of Muhammad, which stressed the equality of all Muslim men.

question

The early Byzantine religion was known for its:

answer

intense interest in matters of doctrine and orthodoxy.

question

A pandemic broke out in 541-42 which has come to be known as:

answer

the Justinianic Plague.

question

Most people in the early Middle Ages facilitated economic transactions by using

answer

food and labor

question

The Umayyads of Al-Andalus and the Abbasids of Persia competed for dominance through

answer

trying to surpass each other in support of literary and artistic production.

question

In comparison to the Umayyad, the Abbasid caliphate

answer

adopted more of the style of Persian royal absolutism.

question

The Merovingian dynasty in France traced its origin back to Clovis's legendary grandfather, Merovech, who was believed to be

answer

a sea monster

question

The Byzantine church of Hagia Sophia was influential in the history of architecture because it

answer

placed a massive dome on a building with a square shape.

question

In the late sixth century C.E., the economy of Arabia:

answer

became much more commercially sophisticated as a result of the wars between Byzantium and Persia changing trade routes.

question

The Byzantine economy in the early Middle Ages was:

answer

highly regulated, including wage and price controls.

question

Many of the local populations in Byzantium and Persia:

answer

viewed the Arab armies as deliverers.

question

As a Christian king responsible for ruling a Christian society, Charlemagne:

answer

took responsibility for reforming the religious life of his kingdom just as he reformed its government.

question

Once they conquered a territory, Viking populations

answer

assimilated quickly within local populations.

question

Spain was largely abandoned by Islam as a cultural backwater.

answer

False

question

It is difficult to date the beginning of Byzantine history with precision because:

answer

the Byzantine Empire was the uninterrupted successor of the Roman Empire.

question

Byzantine monasteries were deeply involved in the Iconoclastic Controversy because:

answer

they were major producers of icons, so they supported the use of images in the faith

question

Opportunity for advancement in Islamic cultures ideally depended on

answer

one's ability and one's talent.

question

Islam is a religion without sacraments or priests.

answer

True

question

Charlemagne was able to contain Umayyad power in Europe by:

answer

maintaining diplomatic and trade relations with its rival the Abbasid Caliphate.

question

The Shiite party arose among Muslims because

answer

of a dispute about the proper succession of caliphs in seventh-century Arabia.

question

The economic base of the Abbasid caliphate lay in

answer

the Tigris-Euphrates basin of Mesopotamia.

question

Why were so many convents (monastic houses for women) founded during the seventh century C.E.?

answer

Convents met a variety of social and spiritual needs for aristocratic families.

question

Sexual relations within upper-class Muslim society around the year 1000 differed from classical Greek and Roman patterns because

answer

Muslim men were permitted to have more than one wife, whereas Greek and Roman men were not.

question

An important figure who founded several Merovingian monasteries was:

answer

Columbanus.

question

Women from wealthy Byzantine families

answer

were educated at home by tutors, but did engage in more public intellectual discussions.

question

Islam created its own culture and actively destroyed the artifacts of those civilizations that came before them.

answer

False

question

The armies of Abu-Bakr were able to expand Islam northward out of Arabia largely because of:

answer

the weakness of Byzantine and Persian armies because of their wars against each other.

question

Pope Gregory I:

answer

significantly advanced Benedictine monasticism as the major monastic movement in the West.

question

Scandinavian traders turned to raiding because

answer

instability in the Abbasid empire had made travel on their traditional trade routes difficult.

question

Charles Martel is regarded as one of the founders of the Frankish kingdom due to his defeat of a Muslim force near Paris.

answer

True

question

The Byzantine empire was never stable because of the intrigue and violence that constantly occurred at the imperial court.

answer

False

question

The Vikings are generally regarded as being a destructive force in European history

answer

but such a view may not be correct in light of the principalities they established across northern Europe.

question

One factor in the success of cities in Arabia was the protracted wars between the Byzantine empire and Persia, which made the Arabian trade routes safer than the northern ones.

answer

True

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