HRM Chapter 13 Vocab – Flashcards
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___ is usually not the purview of human resources
a. motivation
b. context
c. ability
d. reward
e. evaluation
answer
b. context
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Which of the following is NOT a determinant of performance in an organization?
a. employees' ability to perform
b. environment in which the performance takes place
c. support factors such as machinery and materials
d. demand for the organization's products or services
e. employees' motivation to perform
answer
d. demand for the organization's products or services
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Which of the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that a safe environment is a motivational factor?
a. physiological
b. security
c. self-actualization
d. esteem
e. belongingness
answer
b. security
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Which of the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that having a positive view of one's self is a motivational factor?
a. physiological
b. security
c. self-actualization
d. esteem
e. belongingness
answer
d. esteem
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Which of the levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that food, water, and shelter are motivational factors?
a. physiological
b. security
c. self-actualization
d. esteem
e. belongingness
answer
a. physiological
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How many levels appear in Alderfer's ERG theory?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
answer
c. 3
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In Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, what element can be used to satisfy individual needs?
a. merit
b. motivators
c. hygiene factors
d. all of these
e. both motivators and hygiene factors
answer
e. both motivators and hygiene factors
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Which of the following reinforcement schedules targets behavior on the basis of the passage of time?
a. interval
b. ratio
c. rational
d. bounded rational
e. instrumentality
answer
a. interval
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Which component of expectancy theory covers the relative value of rewards and other consequences?
a. dissonance
b. valence
c. expectancy
d. instrumentality
e. VIE
answer
b. valence
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Equity theory discusses individuals' perceptions about the relationship between __ and __.
a. instrumentality, valence
b. financial incentives, non-financial rewards
c. equity, reinforcement
d. rewards, punishment
e. inputs, outcomes
answer
e. inputs, outcomes
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Motivation
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Determines how a person will exert his or her effort. It represents the forces operating on the person to exert effort, as well as the direction in which that effort will be exerted.
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Need-Based Theories
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Theories of motivation that focus on what motivates a person, rather than on how that motivation occurs.
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Prepotent (needs)
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Specific needs that are capable of motivating behavior at any given point in time.
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ERG Theory
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Involves three rather than two levels of needs, and also allows for someone to regress from a higher-level need to a lower-level need.
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Dual Factor Theory
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Identifies motivators and hygeine factors as two sets of conditions at work that can satisfy needs.
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Process theories
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Motivation theories that focus on how people become motivated and what they are motivated to do rather than on what motivates them.
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Reinforcement Theory
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A process theory, usually associated with BF Skinner, that proposes that all behavior is a function of its consequences.
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Extinction
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Refers to the situation in which a behavior is followed by no consequences and eventually disappears.
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Partial Reinforcement
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Rewarding a behavior only part of the time rather than all the time.
