HOSA- Nursing Assistant Crash Course – Flashcards
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Arthritis
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Inflammation of the joints
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Osteomyelitis
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Infection of the bone cause by bacteria; infects the bone/ bone marrow
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Osteoporosis
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Bone becomes porous, allowing it to break easily
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints
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Simple fracture
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Bone is broken, but skin remains intact
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Compound fracture
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Bone is broken and penetrates the skin
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Comminuted
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Bone breaks into many pieces and there are bone fragments in the tissue
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Tendons
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Connect muscle to bone
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Fibromyalgia
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Inflammation of muscle tissue and fibrous connective tissue
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Muscular dystrophy
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Group of genetically transmitted diseases that progressively deteriorate muscle tissue
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Arteriosclerosis
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When the walls of arteries become thick and harden, causing vessels to be less elastic
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Hypertension
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Blood pressure greater than 140/90; places increased strain on the entire circulatory system
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Myocardial infarction
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Heart attack
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Varicose veins
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Enlarged veins that are not efficient in returning blood to the heart; occur mostly in the lower extremities
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AIDS
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Collection of symptoms and infections caused by damage to the immune system caused by HIV
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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Malignant disorder characterized by painless, progressive enlargement of lymph nodes
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COPD
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Chronic airway obstruction that causes respiratory abnormalities
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Emphysema
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Alveoli become stretched out and are not able to expel pollutants
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Pneumonia
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Inflammation in the lungs
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Peristalsis
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Involuntary movement of food through the esophagus
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Cirrhosis
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Liver cells become damaged, and scarring prevents it from functioning
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Jaundice
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Yellowing of the mucous membranes most commonly caused by failure of the liver
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Cholelithiasis
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Gallstones
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Diverticulitis
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Small pouches that bulge outward through the colon or intestine and become inflamed or infected
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Gastric reflux
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Backward flow of stomach acid contents into the esophagus
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Gastroenteritis
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Inflammation of the stomach lining & intestines
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Hepatitis
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Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or poison
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Kidney or renal failure
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Nephron of the kidney is unable to filter waste from the blood
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Hyperthyroidism
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Increased production of the thyroid secretion
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Hypothyroidism
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Decreased production of the thyroid secretion
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Hypoglycemia
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Too little sugar in the blood, usually caused by the excessive production of insulin in the pancreas
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Alzheimer's Disease
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Progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that results in dementia
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Cataract
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When the lens of the eye loses its transparency; less light is able to reach the inner eye
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Conjunctivitis
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Inflammation of the eyelid lining caused by bacteria or irritation
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Parkinson's
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Degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that can impair motor skills and speech
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6 to 8 months
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Infant sits without being supported
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8 to 12 months
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Infant begins to crawl
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1 year
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Toddler can understand simple commands and say 4-5 words clearly
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3-4 years old
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Begins bowel & bladder control Vocabulary increases
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5-6 years
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Eye and body coordination improves Can hop, skip, & draw figures
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Preadolescent (9 to 12 years)
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Physical growth rate increases Adult sex traits begin to develop, voices deepen for males Look to friends for acceptance & approval
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Teenage years (13-18)
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Strive for independence Puberty
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40-50 years old
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People evaluate the first part of their life Midlife crisis
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70+ years old
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Loss of body resilience & function may cause lifestyles to change
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Effects of Aging
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Lungs become less elastic Heart becomes less efficient, arteries may become narrowed and clogged Constipation as peristalsis of intestine weakens Loss of teeth Bladder holds less- may cause frequent urination Less fat, therefore less padding for bones Drier skin
