question

Ask before First Aid

answer

right to refusal refuse: 911 and stay w them till help arrives

question

Key steps to First Aid

answer

assess scene phone for help take universal precautions find problem protect privacy

question

asess scene while...

answer

you are providing first aid

question

move an injured person if...

answer

the scene is unsafe or if he/she is in danger

question

multiple people at the scene...

answer

ask one of them to call 911

question

PPE

answer

Nonlatex gloves eye protection mask for giving breaths

question

actions for universal precautions

answer

PPE disposal of anything w blood on it waste bag disposal after taking off gloves, wash hands for 20 sec

question

actions for exposure to blood

answer

remove gloves and wash hands for 20 seconds rinse eyes nose and inside of your mouth w water and soap or anywhere else w blood contact a health care provider asap

question

find the problem

answer

responsive/unresponsive check for a pulse breathing- look for any obvi signs of injury look for med info jewelry

question

should i move an ill or injured person?

answer

generally- no. ESPECIALLY if there could be a spinal or pelvic injury. MOVE IF: area is unsafe, roll person onto side if unresponsive and breathing (keep airway open for vomiting)

question

mild airway blockage

answer

can talk or make sounds can cough loudly actions: stand by and let the person cough worried: call 911

question

severe airway blockage

answer

cannot breathe, talk, or make sounds has a cough that has no sound makes the choking sign actions: act quickly follow steps to help

question

Choking adult

answer

ask are you choking nod yes- say you're going to help stand or kneel behind the person wrap arms around the waist so fists are in front fist w one hand thumb side of fist slightly above the belly button and well below the breast bone grasp fist w your other hand give quick upward thrusts into the abdomen give thrusts until the object is forced out and the person can breathe, cough, or speak or until he becomes unresponsive

question

pregnant or large

answer

chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts arms under armpits hands on lower half of breastbone

question

choking infant

answer

face down on your forearm support infants head and jaw with hand 5 back slaps object doesn't come out- turn infant onto back while supporting head 5 chest thrusts using two fingers same place as CPR repeat 5 back slaps

question

unresponsive + no breathing or only gasping

answer

provide CPR

question

open airway look for objects in back of throat

answer

see object take it out DO NOT do a blind finger sweep. could cause the object to get lodged further back into the airway

question

mild allergic reactions

answer

stuffy nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes itchy skin hives

question

severe allergic reactions

answer

trouble breathing swelling of tongue and face signs of shock

question

epic pen

answer

rub for ten seconds after injection

question

sudden cardiac arrest

answer

abnormal heart rhythm heart malfunctions and stops breathing unexpectedly

question

heart attack

answer

clot problem blocks blood flow

question

signs of heart attack

answer

chest discomfort discomfort in other parts of the body shortness of breath, cold sweats, nausea, lightheadedness

question

less typical signs of HA in women, elderly, and diabetics

answer

an ache in chest heartburn indigestion the unfomfortable feeling in back, jaw, neck, or shoulder shortness of breath nausea vomiting

question

fainting

answer

lay the person flat on the floor 911 if the person doesn't improve or is unresponsive unresponsive- CPR

question

signs of low blood sugar in a person with diabetes

answer

irritable hungry thirsty weak sleepy sweaty

question

actions to take for someone w low BS

answer

ask them to eat or drink something w sugar IF person cant sit up or swallow- don't force them have them sit quietly or lie down no improvement in 15 mins: call 911

question

warning signs of stroke FAST

answer

Face drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911

question

actions to help someone who may have a stroke

answer

have someone call 911 and get AED note time when stroke first appears remain with the person till more advanced healthcare providers arrive and take over not breathing normally or gasping gove CPR

question

signs of seizure

answer

lose muscle control jerking movements in arms legs and other parts of the body fall to the ground stop responding

question

actions to take to help someone w a seizure

answer

move furniture and objects out of the way place a small pad or towel under the head call 911

question

actions to take after seizure

answer

check if they're responsive and breathing stay w them until someone else comes vomiting or fluids in mouth roll them onto their side unresponsove or not breathing normally, cpr

question

dressing vs bandage

answer

dressing- clean material used directly on a wound to stop bleeding. gauze or cloth bandage- material used to protect or cover an injured body part. also can be used to keep pressure on a wound

question

when to call 911 for bleeding

answer

lots of bleeding cant stop the bleeding see signs of shock suspect head, neck, or spine injury not sure what to do

question

actions to control bleeding

answer

direct pressure on the gauze doesn't stop add more gauze don't pull dressing off wrap a bandage over the dressing

question

tourniquet stick is called...

answer

windlass

question

applying a PRE-MADE tourniquet

answer

make sure the scene is safe call 911 get AED and first aid kit wear PPE place T 2 in above injury if possible tighten until bleeding stops note the time leave T alone until ppl come

question

applying and making a tourniquet

answer

make sure the scene is safe call 911 get AED and first aid kit wear PPE fold cloth or bandage so its at least 1 inch wide place T 2 in above injury if possible wrap ends around a small hand tool or something tighten until bleeding stops secure hand tool note the time leave T alone until ppl come

question

signs of shock

answer

feel weak, faint, or dizzy feel nauseated or thirsty have a pale or grayish face be restless, agitated, or confused be cold and clammy to the touch

question

actions to help a person in shock

answer

make sure the scene is safe call 911 get AED and first aid kit help the person lie on his back cover the person with a blanket to keep them warm check to see if CPR is needed

question

bleeding from the nose

answer

make sure the scene is safe wear PPE have the person sit and lean forward pinch the soft part of the nose on both sides w a clean dressing place constant pressure on the nostrils for a few mins until the bleeding stops if it continues, press harder call 911 if it doesn't stop in 15 mins, bleeding heavy, or if they have trouble breathing

question

bleeding from the mouth

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE if bleeding comes from tongue, lip, or cheek and you can reach it easily, apply pressure with gauze or a clean cloth if you haven't called 911 and you cant stop the bleed or if the person has trouble breathing call 911

question

actions to help someone w a tooth injury

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE check person mouth for any missing or loose teeth or parts of teeth if a tooth is chipped, gently clean the injured area and call a dentist if the tooth is loose have the person bite down on a piece of gauze to keep the tooth in place and call a dentist if the tooth has come out, it may be possible to reattach-- don't hold onto it by the root apply pressure w gauze to stop bleeding in the empty tooth socket clean the area where the tooth was located w saline or clean water put the tooth in: egg white, coconut water, or whole milk if none available, store tooth in injured person's saliva, not in the mouth take person and tooth to dentist or Emergency Dept

question

signs of eye injury

answer

pain trouble sleeping brushing bleeding redness swelling

question

help someone w an eye injury

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE if something small gets in eye rinse w water call 911 if- object doesn't come out, the person has extreme pain, or still have trouble seeing tell the person to keep their eyes closed until someone comes

question

help someone w a toxic eye injury

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE chemicals are in person's eye- rinse w water for at least 15 mins or until someone comes if eyewash station is nearby or u have access to eyewash kit use it if u don't have them- use water from the tap or normal saline or contact solution call 911

question

penetrating and puncturing injuries

answer

if object is stuck in the body, leave it there

question

actions to take for a penetrating or puncturing injury

answer

make sure the scene is safe get someone to call 911 get the first aid kit and AED wear PPE try to stop the bleeding you can see don't remove the object

question

actions to give someone w amputation

answer

make sure the scene is safe call 911 get the first aid kit and AED wear PPE stop bleeding from injured area w pressure press for a long time amputated part---> protect it

question

actions to protect an amputated part

answer

make sure the scene is safe rinse amputated part w clean water cover it w clean dressing place it in a watertight plastic bag place bag in another container w ice or ice and water LABEL IT w name date and time make sure body part gets to hospital w the injured person

question

signs of internal bleeding

answer

injury from car issues fall from a hight injury in abdomen or chest like bruising from seatbelts sports injuries shortness of breath after an injury pain in abdomen or chest after an injury if you cough up blood or vomit blood after an injury signs of shock without external bleeding knife or gunshot wound

question

actions to help person w suspected internal bleeding

answer

make sure the scene is safe call 911 get the first aid kit and AED wear PPE have the person lie down and keep still check for signs of shock give CPR if needed

question

signs of head, neck, and spinal injuries

answer

fell from a height was injured by a strong blow to the head was injured while diving involved in a car crash was in a crash after riding bike/motorbike especially w no helmet or if it broke

question

signs of head injury

answer

doesn't respond or only moans acts sleepy or confused vomits has trouble seeing, walking, or moving body parts has a seizure

question

concussion signs

answer

feeling stunned or dazed confusion headache nausea or vomiting dizziness, unsteadiness, or difficulty in balance double vision or flashing lights loss of memory of events that happened before or after the injury

question

spinal injury

answer

was in a car or bicycle crash has fallen has tingling or is weak in the extremities has a pain or tenderness in the neck or back appears intoxicated or not fully alert is 65 years of age or older has other painful injuries, especially to the head or neck

question

CAUTION when a person has a spinal injury...

answer

do NOT twist or turn the head or neck unless its necessary to do CPR, move them out of danger, or reposition them bc of breathing problems, vomiting or fluid in the mouth

question

actions to help a person with a possible head, neck, or spinal injuries

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit call 911 and get an AED have person remain still until someone comes don't twist or turn their head or neck unless necessary

question

actions to take for a person with a possible broken bone or spine

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE cover any open wound with a clean dressing put a towel on top of an injured body part and then put ice on it and keep it on for 20 min call 911 if there's a large open wound, the injured body part is abnormally bent, or you're not sure what to do if the injured body part hurts, the person should avoid using it until checked by a health care provider

question

caution, if the injured part is bleeding...

answer

apply direct pressure to stop the bleed and apply a dressing to the wound before applying the splint leave bent and deformed body parts in bent or deformed position while applying splint

question

actions to apply a splint

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE find object u can use to keep injured arm or leg from moving splint in a way to reduce pain and limit further injury the splint should be longer than the injured area and should support the joints above and below the injury after covering broken skin with a clean or sterile cloth, tie or tape splint to the injured limb so it supports the area use tape or gauze to secure snugly but not too tight to cut off circulation if using a heard splint, make sure you pad it with something soft like clothing or a towel keep the limb still until the injured person can be seen by a HC prov

question

self-splinting

answer

place hand across chest and hold in place w other arm

question

actions to take for small burns

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE cool the burn area immediately w cold but not ice cold water for at least 10 mins if you don't have cold water, use a cool or cold clean compress run cold water on burn until it doesn't hurt you may cover burn w a dry nonstick sterile or clean dressing

question

only thing to put on a burn... never use...

answer

cool water and clean dressings ice

question

actions to take for large burns

answer

make sure the scene is safe fire, lg burn, not sure what to do call 911 person or clothes, on fire: stop drop and roll cover person w wet blanket fire out- remove the wet blanket, remove jewelry and clothing not stick to skin for lg burns, cool burn area immediately w cold water for at least 10 mins after: cover w dry nonstick sterile or clean dressings cover person w dry blanket check for signs of shock person w lg burns should be seen by a HCP asap HCP can determine if additional treatment is necessary

question

actions to take for an electrical injury

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit and AED wear PPE call 911 give CPR when it is safe to touch the person a HCP should check anyone who has an electrical injury ASAP

question

electrical injury you may see...

answer

marks or wounds where electricity has entered or left the body there's no way to tell how severe damage is based on outside marks

question

electricity can...

answer

stop breathing or cause a deadly abnormal heart rhythm

question

if there is a fallen power line...

answer

don't try to enter area or move wires until power has been turned off

question

don't touch a person if...

answer

he is still in contact w the power source bc it can travel into you

question

actions to take for an animal or human bite

answer

make sure the scene is safe be sure to wash the wound w plenty of soap and water apply a bag of ice and water wrapped in a towel to help w bruising and swelling if bruised/swelling use bag of ice and water wrapped in a tsiowel for 20 mins for all bites that break skin call HCP asap

question

signs of poisonous snake bites

answer

pain at the bite area that keeps getting worse swelling of the bite area nausea vomiting sweating or weakness

question

actions to take for a snake bite

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE ask another adult to move people away from the area and call 911 ask the injured person to stay still and calm and avoid moving body part that was bitten remove any tight clothing and jewelry wash area w running water and soap keep person still and calm until someone comes

question

actions to help a person w a bite or a sting

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE bee- remove the stinger and scrape away venom sack w something hard and dull wash sting or bite area w water and soap but ice bag for 20 mins watch person for 30 mins for signs of allergic reaction. use epi pen if necessary

question

signs of poisonous spider bites and scorpion stings

answer

severe pain at the site of bite/sting muscle cramps headache fever vomiting breathing problems seizures lack of response

question

actions to help a person who has been bit/stung by a spider/scorpion

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE call 911 wash bite/sting area w running water and soap ice water wrapped in a towel on bite

question

actions to help a person who has a tick bite

answer

get the first aid kit wear PPE use tweezers to grab the tick by mouth or head as close to the skin as possible avoid pinching the tick lift the tick straight out until persons skin tents and wait several seconds, the tick may let go put tick in plastic bag for med reasons wash bite area w running water and soap area w tick illness ---> suggest HCP

question

actions to help a person who has a marine bite or sting

answer

make sure the scene is safe get the first aid kit wear PPE keep the injured person quite and still wipe off stingers or tentacles w a gloved hand or towel sting= jelly fish---> rinse injured area for 30 seconds w vinegar if vinegar isn't available use baking soda and water shower w VERYYYYY hot water until pain is gone or for 20 mins at least call 911 if allergic reaction or poision break skin---> HCP

question

causes of dehydration

answer

heat exposure too much exercise vomiting diarrhea decreased fluid intake fever COULD LEAD TO SHOCK

question

signs of dehydration

answer

weakness thirst or dry mouth dizziness confusion less urination than usual CALL HCP

question

heat cramps

answer

painful muscle spasms occur in: calves arms stomach muscles back

question

signs of heat cramps

answer

muscle cramps sweating headache

question

actions to take to help a person who has heat cramps

answer

get the first aid kit wear PPE have the person rest and cool off have the person drink something w sugar or electrolytes if tolerable apply ice bag water w towel for 20 mins

question

signs of heat exhaustion

answer

nausea dizziness vomiting muscle cramps feeling faint or fatigued heavy sweating

question

actions to take for a person that has heat exhaustion

answer

get the first aid kit wear PPE call 911 have person lie down in a cool place remove as much of persons clothing as possible cool the person w cool water spray or place damp clothes on neck armpits and groin if person is responsive and can drink have them drink something w sugar and electrolytes

question

heat stroke- its important to...

answer

cool them immediately immerse them in water if possible acting norm--> stop cooling them

question

signs of heat stroke

answer

confusion feeling faint or fatigued dizziness fainting nausea vomiting muscle cramps seizure

question

actions to take to help someone w heat stroke

answer

call 911 put person in cool water up to neck if possible or spray w cool water unresponsive/not breathing norm --> cpr

question

signs of frostbite

answer

skin over the frostbitten area is white, waxy, grayish yellow frostbite area is cold or numb area is hard, skin doesn't move when you push

question

actions to help someone w frostbite

answer

make sure the scene is safe move person to warm place get the first aid kit wear PPE call 911 remove wet or tight clothing and pat body dry put dry clothes on and cover w blanket remove tight rings or bracelet from frostbitten part

question

FROSTBITE DO NOTS

answer

don't try to thaw frozen part if they could refreeze b4 med care dont rub FB area- touch gently

question

signs of low body temp/hypothermia

answer

skin= cool to touch shivering- stops when bod temp is rly low confusion personality change sleepiness lack of concern stiff ridged muscles skin= blue and ice cold maybe dead were not quite sure

question

actions to help a person w hypothermia

answer

make sure the scene is safe get person out of cold remove wet clothing pat person dry -> blanket get the first aid kit and AED wear PPE dry clothes cover head and body not face until someone comes unresponsive/not breathing norm-> cpr

question

questions poison control dispatcher may ask

answer

name of poison describe it how much ingested how old is person weight of person when did poisioning happen feeling/acting

question

actions to take for scene safety in a poison emergency

answer

make sure the scene is safe look for signs of poisions near by look for spilled or leaked container if scene is unsafe don't approach tell ppl to move away if there is multi ppl poisioned stay outta there get the first aid kit and AED call 911 tell dispatcher everything u know

question

actions to help a person who has poison on the skin or in the eyes

answer

make sure the scene is safe wear PPE move person to area w fresh air and no posion wash/remove poision safely washy stations remove clothing and jewlery in contact w poision brush off dry powder/ solid substence from skin run lots of water over the affected area until someone comes if eye is effected- blink and rise eye w water unresponsive- cpr USE A MASK FOR BREATHS

question

AHA Adult Chain of Survival

answer

3 links: 1) immediately recognize emergency and call 911 2) perform early CPR with emphasis on chest compressions 3) use AED as soon as its available

question

Do not interrupt compressions for more than....

answer

10 seconds to give breaths or for any other reason

question

if the patient has a medicine patch were AED pads need to be applied...

answer

remove medicine patch, wipe area clean, then apply AED pads

question

naloxone is a drug that...

answer

reverses the effects of opioids

question

common opioids are

answer

morphine hydrocodone heroin

question

how to use naloxone

answer

internasal spray or an autoinjector like epi pen should only be given by someone trained or can recognize an opioid overdose

question

naloxone only works for...

answer

opioid overdose not other types of opioid overdoses

question

actions to take for someone w an opioid overdose

answer

shout for help have someone call 911, get naloxone, and AED use naloxone asap check for breathing unresponsive--> CPR no one nearby--> 5 rounds of CPR call 911 and get naloxone and AED return to person and give naloxone cont CPR if unres. stop if res.

question

AHA pediatric chain of survival

answer

1) prevent injury and sudden cardiac arrest 2) give CPR asap 3) call 911

question

child comprssions

answer

use 1 hand if you cant push down at least 1/3 (2 inches) of the way then use two hands

question

rate for compressions

answer

100-120 comp per min

question

child pads are used when..

answer

younger than 8

question

infant CPR

answer

1 month-1 year 2 fingers 1.5 in deep tap foot and shout name

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