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Psychotherapy

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Treatment involving a therapist using psychological needs to assist someone seeking to overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth

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Biomedical Therapy

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Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

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Resistance

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The blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material (in psychoanalysis)

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Interpretation

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The analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight (in psychoanalysis)

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Transference

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The patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships - such as love or hatred for a parent (in psychoanalysis)

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In psychoanalysis, when patients experience strong feelings for their therapist, this is called _____. Patients are said to demonstrate anxiety when they put up mental blocks around sensitive memories, indicating _____. The therapist will attempt to provide insight into the underlying anxiety by offering a(n) _____ of the mental blocks.

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Transference; Resistance; Interpretation

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Psychodynamic Therapy

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Therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight

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Insight Therapies

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A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

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Client-centered Therapy

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A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients' growth (also called person-centered therapy)

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Active Listening

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Empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy

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Unconditional Positive Regard

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A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

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Behavior Therapy

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Applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behavior

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Counterconditioning

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Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

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What might a psychodynamic therapist say about Mowrer's therapy for bed-wetting? How about a humanistic therapist? How might a behavior therapist reply?

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-Psychodynamic might say it isn't providing insight on the underlying problem causing the bed-wetting -Humanistic might encourage the child towards self-fulfillment to combat the problem instead -Behavior would agree with Mowrer that counterconditioning the bed-wetting would provide emotional relief

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Exposure Therapies

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Try to change people's reactions by repeatedly exposing them to stimuli that trigger unwanted reactions through imagination or actual situations (like systematic desensitization)

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Systematic Desensitization

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Type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. (commonly used to treat phobias)

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Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

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Exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears

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Aversive Conditioning

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Type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

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Token Economy

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An operant conditions procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange their tokens for various privileges or treats

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What are the insight therapies and how do they differ from behavior therapies?

answer

-Insight therapies: psychodynamic and humanistic therapies (seek to relieve problems by providing an understanding of their origins) -Behavior therapies: assume the problem behavior is the problem and treat it, paying less attention to origins

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Some maladaptive behaviors are learned. What hope does this fact provide?

answer

If a behavior can be learned it can be unlearned

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Exposure therapies and aversive conditioning are applications of _____ conditioning. Token economies are an application of _____ conditioning.

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Classical; operant

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Cognitive Therapy

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Teaches people new ways of thinking (based on assumption that thought intervene between events and our emotional reactions)

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Cognitive-behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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Popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

question

How do humanistic and cognitive therapies differ?

answer

-By reflecting clients' feelings in a nondirective setting, the humanistic therapies attempt to foster personal growth by helping clients become more self-aware and accepting -By making clients aware of self-defeating patterns of thinking, cognitive therapies guide people toward more adaptive ways of thinking about themselves and their world

question

An influential cognitive therapy for depression was developed by _____ _____.

answer

Aaron Beck

question

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy, and what sorts of problems does this therapy best address?

answer

This integrative therapy helps helps people change self-defeating thinking and behavior. It has been shown to be effective for those with anxiety disorders, OCD, depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, and eating disorders

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Group Therapy

answer

Therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

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Family Therapy

answer

Therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

question

What therapeutic technique focuses more on the present and future than the past, and involves unconditional positive regard and active listening?

answer

Humanistic therapy- specifically Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy

question

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of group therapy? a. more focused attention from the therapist b. less expensive c. social feedback d. reassurance that others share troubles

answer

a.

question

How might the placebo effect bias clients' and clinicians' appraisals of the effectiveness of psychotherapies?

answer

Since clients are expecting to get help (and clinicians are expecting to help the clients), they may believe they've received it, when really, no change is present.

question

Evidence-based Practice

answer

Clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.

question

Therapy is most likely to be helpful for those with problems that (are/are not) well-defined.

answer

are

question

What is evidence-based clinical decision making?

answer

An approach that allows therapists to make decisions about treatment based on research evidence, clinical expertise, and knowledge of the client

question

Which of the following alternative therapies HAS shown promise as an effective treatment? a. light therapy b. rebirthing therapies c. recovered-memory therapies d. energy therapies

answer

a.

question

Therapeutic Alliance

answer

A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem

question

Those who undergo psychotherapy are (more/less) likely to show improvement than those who do not undergo psychotherapy.

answer

more

question

A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams is drawing from a. psychoanalysis b. humanistic therapies c. client-centered therapy d. behavior therapy

answer

a.

question

_____ therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.

answer

Insight

question

Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasize a. hidden or repressed feelings b. childhood experiences c. psychological disorders d. self-fulfillment and growth

answer

d.

question

A therapist who restates and clarifies the client's statements is practicing _____ _____.

answer

active listening

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The goal of behavior therapy is to a. identify and treat the underlying causes of the problem b. improve learning and insight c. eliminate the unwanted behavior d. improve communication and social sensitivity

answer

c.

question

Behavior therapists often use _____ techniques, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.

answer

counterconditioning

question

The technique of _____ _____ teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.

answer

systematic desensitization

question

After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the freeway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his phobia, and why?

answer

Behavior therapy (best for treating phobias); Since Rico's response to freeways was learned, a behavior therapist might be able to help Rico replace his anxious response to one of relaxation

question

At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) _____ _____.

answer

token economy

question

Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating a. nail biting b. phobias c. alcohol use disorder d. depression

answer

d.

question

_____-_____ therapy helps people to change their self-defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.

answer

cognitive-behavioral

question

In family therapy, the therapist assumes that a. only one family member need to change b. each person's actions trigger reactions from other family members c. dysfunctional family behaviors are based largely on genetic factors d. therapy is most effective when clients are treated apart from the family unit

answer

b.

question

The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from a. outcome research b. randomized clinical trials c. reports of clinicians and clients d. a government study of treatment for depression

answer

c.

question

Studies show that _____ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders. a. behavior b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. no one type of

answer

d.

question

What are the three components of evidence-based practice?

answer

research evidence, clinical expertise, knowledge of the patient

question

How does the placebo effect bias patients' attitudes about the effectiveness of various therapies?

answer

The placebo effect is the healing power of belief in a treatment. When patients expect a treatment to be effective, they may believe it was.

question

Psychopharmacology

answer

The study of drug effects on mind and behavior

question

Antipsychotic Drugs

answer

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder (reduce patient's overreactions to irrelevant stimuli)

question

Antianxiety Drugs

answer

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

question

Antidepressant Drugs

answer

Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD (several widely used ones are SSRIs- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

question

How do researchers evaluate the effectiveness of particular drug therapies?

answer

They use double-blind controlled studies to see whether a placebo is just as effective as the medication.

question

The drugs given most often to treat depression are called _____. Schizophrenia is often treated with _____ drugs.

answer

antidepressants; antipsychotic

question

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

answer

A biomedical therapy for severe depressed patients that shocks the brain while a patient is under anesthesia

question

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

answer

Repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

question

Severe depression that has not responded to other therapy may be treated with _____ _____, which can cause brain seizures and memory loss. More moderate neural stimulation techniques designed to help alleviate depression include _____ _____ magnetic stimulation and ______ _____ stimulation.

answer

electroconvulsive therapy; repetitive transcranial; deep brain

question

Psychosurgery

answer

The removal or destruction of brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

question

Lobotomy

answer

A psychosurgical procedure used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure would cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

question

What are some examples of lifestyle changes we can make to enhance our mental health?

answer

Getting more exercise, sleep, light exposure, and social connection, as well as enhancing positive thinking and taking nutritional supplements

question

Resilience

answer

The ability to cope with stress and recover from adversity and trauma

question

Posttraumatic Growth

answer

Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

question

What is the difference between preventative mental health and psychological or biomedical therapy?

answer

Psychological and biomedical therapies attempt to relieve people's suffering from psychological disorders. Preventative mental health attempts to prevent suffering by identifying and eliminating the conditions that cause disorders.

question

Some antipsychotic drugs, used to calm people with schizophrenia, can have unpleasant side effects, most notably a. hyperactivity b. convulsions and momentary memory loss c. sluggishness, tremors, and twitches d. paranoia

answer

c.

question

Drugs such as Xanax and Ativan, which depress central nervous system activity, can become addictive when used as ongoing treatment. These drugs are referred to as _____ drugs.

answer

antianxiety

question

When drug therapies have not been effective, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be used at a treatment, largely for people with a. severe OCD b. severe depression c. schizophrenia d. anxiety disorders

answer

b.

question

An approach that seeks to identify and alleviate conditions that put people at high risk for developing psychological disorders is called a. deep brain stimulation b. the mood-stabilizing perspective c. spontaneous recovery d. preventative mental health

answer

d.

question

A simple salt that often brings relief to patients suffering the highs and lows of bipolar disorder is _____.

answer

Lithium

Honors Psyc Ch. 15 – Flashcards

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