Honors Earth Science Astronomy – Flashcards
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What kind of spectrum is this?
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Continuous spectra
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Continuous spectra are produced from
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hot solids or dense gases
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What kind of spectrum is this?
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Emission spectra
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Emission spectra are produced from
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hot gases
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What kind of spectrum is this?
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Absorption spectra
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Absorption spectra are produced from
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cool gases
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Doppler Effect
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As an object moves farther away, wavelength longer showing a red shift
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Red shift/blue shift
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Red is longer, recedes Blue is shorter, approaches
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Reflecting telescopes
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uses a concave mirror that focuses the light in front of the objective. Best for out of solar system viewing
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Refracting telescopes
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uses a lens to blend or refract light. Best for in solar system viewing
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Advantages of space telescopes
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no atmosphere interference (clearer) NOT CLOSER TO FAR OBJECTS can detect wavelength that atmosphere blocksccccf
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Radio telescope
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Most useful on Earth
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What do false colors represent?
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amplitude
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Order of visible spectrum according to wavelength
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Violet, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red Violet is the shortest, red is the longest
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Radiative zone
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zig-zag pattern, 2.5 million degrees C, radiation travels through this zone
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Convective zone
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hot plasma rises to surface, cooler gases sink=turbulence
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photosphere
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Sun's surface, bubbling plasma, 6,000 degrees C, sunspots
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chromosphere
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sun's atmosphere, 20,000 degrees C, source of flares/prominences
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corona
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"crown", see only during solar eclipses, 2 million degrees C, made of ions
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Sunspots
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dark because the sun is behind it cycle: 11 years caused by the twisting of the magnetic field
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CMEs
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coronal mass ejections caused by the twisting of the magnetic field
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Prominences (loops)
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follows magnetic force of sunspots caused by the twisting of the magnetic field
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Flares
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release 1 billion megatons of energy caused by the twisting of the magnetic field
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Auroras
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glow in the sky driven energy from the sun to the poles
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Hydrogen fusion
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when hydrogen atoms fuse with each other to create helium and energy atoms
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Radio telescope
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use anytime no dome detects far objects
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Optical telescope
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good for our solar system not always reliable
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Sunspot cycle length
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11 years
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Years between solar maximum and solar minimum
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about 5 years. About 11 years between solar max and the next solar max
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good location for an optical telescope on Earth
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need good weather away from city lights above clouds (less distortion) Many in AZ and HI
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What the sun is made of
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Hydrogen (90%) and helium (10%)
