Honors Chemistry Ch. 1-2 – Flashcards
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| Organic Chemistry |
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| The study of most carbon-containing compounds |
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| Inorganic Chemistry |
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| The study of nonorganic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics) |
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| Physical Chemistry |
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| The study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy. |
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| Analytical Chemistry |
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| The identification of the components and composition of materials. |
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| Biochemistry |
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| The study of substances and processes occurring in living things |
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| Theoretical Chemistry |
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| The use of math and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds. |
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| Basic research, applied research, or technological research? A laboratory in a major university surveys all the reactions involving bromine. |
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| Basic Research |
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| Basic research, applied research, or technological research? A pharmaceutical company explores a disease in order to produce a better medicine. |
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| Technological and/or applied research |
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| Basic research, applied research, or technological research? A scientists investigates the cause of the ozone hole to find a way to stop the loss of the ozone layer. |
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| Applied Research |
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| Basic research, applied research, or technological research? A pharmaceutical company discovers a more efficient method of producing a drug. |
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| Technological and/or applied research |
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| Basic research, applied research, or technological research? A chemical company develops a new biodegradable plastic. |
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| Technological and/or applied research |
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| Basic research, applied research, or technological research? A laboratory explores the use of ozone to inactivate bacteria in a drinking-water system |
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| Applied research |
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| Microstructures |
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| Things too tiny to be seen with the unaided eye |
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| Chemical |
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| Any substance that has a definite composition |
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| Chemistry |
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| The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the process that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Iron ore |
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| Heterogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Quartz |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Granite |
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| Heterogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Energy drink |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Oil-and-vinegar dressing |
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| Heterogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Salt |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Rainwater |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Nitrogen |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Atom |
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| The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. |
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| Compound |
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| Made of two or more chemically bonded elements |
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| How is energy involved in chemical and physical changes? |
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| Heat/other forms of energy change the physical appearance or chemical composition of an object, but energy is not lost or gained; it just assumes a new form (law of conservation of energy). |
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| A horizontal row of elements in a periodic table is called a |
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| Period. |
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| Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity are |
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| Metals. |
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| Elements that are poor conductors of heat and energy are |
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| Nonmetals. |
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| A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a |
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| Group or family. |
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| The ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets is called |
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| Malleability. |
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| Is an element that is soft and easy to cut cleanly w/a knife likely to be a nonmetal or metal? |
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| Metal |
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| The elements in Group 18 are called |
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| noble gases. |
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| At room temperature, most metals are |
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| Solid. |
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| What do the elements of the same group in the periodic table have in common? |
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| Similar chemical properties |
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| What is the difference between a family of elements and elements in the same period? |
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| A family of elements are the elements in the same column whereas elements in the same period are in the same row. |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Sugar |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Iron fillings |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Plastic Wrap |
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| Homogeneous |
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| Heterogeneous or homogeneous? Cement sidewalk |
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| Heterogeneous |
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| Select the most appropriate branch of chemistry from organic, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry A forensic scientist uses chemistry to find information at the scene of a crime. |
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| Analytical Chemistry |
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| Select the most appropriate branch of chemistry from organic, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry A scientist uses a computer model to see how an enzyme will function. |
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| Biochemistry or Theoretical Chemistry |
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| Select the most appropriate branch of chemistry from organic, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry A professor explores the reactions that take place in a human liver |
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| Biochemistry |
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| Select the most appropriate branch of chemistry from organic, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry An oil company scientist tries to design a better gasoline. |
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| Organic Chemistry |
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| Select the most appropriate branch of chemistry from organic, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry An anthropologist tries to find out the nature of a substance in a mummy's wrap. |
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| Analytical Chemistry |
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| Select the most appropriate branch of chemistry from organic, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry A pharmaceutical company examines the protein on a coating of a virus. |
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| Biochemistry or Analytical Chemistry |
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| Extensive Properties |
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| Properties that depend on the amount of matter present i.e. mass, weight, volume, etc. |
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| Intensive Properties |
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| Properties that do NOT depend on the amount of matter present, i.e. density, chemical properties, melting point, boiling point, etc. |
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| System |
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| A specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation. |
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| Hypothesis |
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| A testable statement. |
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| Model |
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| An explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related. May be visual, verbal, or mathematical. |
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| Theory |
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| A broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena. |
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| Quantity |
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| Something that has magnitude, size, or amount; not the same as a measurement. |
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| SI |
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| Le Systeme International d'Unites; adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures commonly used by all chemists. |
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| Tera- |
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| Abbreviation: T Exponential Factor: 10^12 |
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| Giga |
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| Unit abbreviation: G Exponential Factor: 10^9 |
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| Mega- |
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| Unit abbreviation: M Exponential factor: 10^6 |
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| Micro |
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Unit abbreviation: ? Exponential factor: 10^-6 |
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| Nano |
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| Unit abbreviation: n Exponential factor: 10^-9 |
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| Pico |
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| Unit abbreviation: p Exponential factor: 10^-12 |
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| Derived units |
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| Combinations of SI base units Ex: units squared/cubed, density, kg/mol (molar mass), joule |
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| Conversion factor |
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| A ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to the other. ALL conversion factors equal ONE. |
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| Dimensional Analysis |
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| A mathematical technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements. |
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| Accuracy |
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| The closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured. |
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| Precision |
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| The closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way. |
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| Percentage Error |
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| Calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100. |
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| Significant figures |
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| Consists of all the digits known w/certainty plus one final digit. |
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| Directly Proportional |
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| Two quantities are directly proportional if dividing one by the other gives a constant value. |
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| Equations for Direct Proportions |
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| y/x=k y=kx |
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| Direct Proportions form which kind of line on a graph? |
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| Straight |
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| Inversely Proportional |
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| Two quantities are inversely proportional to each other if their product is constant. |
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| Equation for Inverse Proportions |
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| xy=k |
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| Inverse Proportions form which kind of line on a graph? |
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| Hyperbola; curved line |
