Honors Biology Chapter 7 Study Guide – Flashcards
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What is an Autotroph?
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a self feeder, producer
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What is a photoautotroph?
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an autotroph that makes food with the use of light energy
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What photoautotrophs live in water environments?
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algae and cyanobacteria (green bacteria)
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Where does photosynthesis occur?
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in the chloroplasts
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Where are chloroplasts found?
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mesophyll cells
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What is the stroma?
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the inner membrane of a chloroplast that is filled with fluid
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What is a thylakoid?
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a membranous sac, many of which make up a granum
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What is a Stomata?
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a tiny pore where oxygen and carbon dioxide leave and enter the cell
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Where does the oxygen made in photosynthesis come from?
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the splitting of water
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What is oxidized in photosynthesis?
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H₂O
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What is reduced in photosynthesis?
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CO₂
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How many stages of photosynthesis are there?
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two
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What is a light reaction?
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a reaction that converts light energy to chemical energy (stored as ATP or NADPH)
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What is the Calvin Cycle?
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a process that assembles sugar molecules from CO₂ ising ATP and NADPH from light reactions
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Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
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stroma
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What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
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the full range of electromagnetic wavelengths
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What is a photon?
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a fixed quantity of energy
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What is a photosystem?
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a cluster of pigments that contains chlorophyll and carotenoids, which gather light
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How many photosystems are there?
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two
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What is the equation for photosynthesis?
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6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy → 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆
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Where does the energy in photosynthesis come from?
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light
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Name a product of photosynthesis
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oxygen
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Which organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
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Chloroplast
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What part of the leaf does most photosynthesis take place in?
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Mesophyll
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What are the chemical products of the light reactions?
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NADPH and ATP
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These membranes catch light coming into a chloroplast
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Thylakoids
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What is a stack of Thylakoids called?
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Granum (pl-grana)
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_____energy travels through space as rhythmic waves.
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Electromagnetic
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What becomes "excited" when chlorophyll absorbs an electron?
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electron
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What part of photosynthesis creates sugar?
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Calvin Cycle
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Where does the Calvin Cycle occur?
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stroma
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What gives leaves their green pigment?
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chlorophyll
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How does carbon dioxide enter leaves?
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stomata
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Which has more energy ? Short wave length or longer wave length?
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short wave length
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What are the light harvesting complexes in a thylakoid called?
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photosystems
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The process by which plants make food from carbon dioxide and water.
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photosynthesis
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The incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds
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Carbon fixation
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The reaction ______ is the chlorophyll molecule that donates excited electrons.
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center
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What is the color of light related to?
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wavelength
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This is the source of energy for photosynthesis.
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Light
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These are yellow-orange pigments in a leaf.
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carotenoids
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What is the green tissue in the interior of a leaf called?
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Mesophyll
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A photosynthetic ______ is an organism that uses light to make food.
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autotroph
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How many stages does photosynthesis have?
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two
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What type of chlorophyll is found in photosystem 2?
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Chlorophyll A (P680)
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What type of chlorophyll is found in Photosystem 1?
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P700
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What type of reactions occur in the electron transport chain?
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Redox reactions
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Where do NADPH molecules go to after being reduced?
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calvin cycle
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What is recycled in the Calvin Cycle?
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RuBP
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What enzyme is used in the calvin cycle?
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rubisco
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Where do the ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle come from?
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Light Reactions
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What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?
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Carbon Fixation
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What is the second step in the Calvin Cycle?
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Reduction
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What is the third step in the Calvin Cycle?
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Release of one molecule of G3P
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What is the fourth step in the Calvin Cycle?
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Regeneration of RuBP
