Holt World History "The Human Journey" Ch. 3 – Flashcards
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Monsoons
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are winds that mark the seasons in India.
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citadel
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a strong central fortress, built on a brick platform
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Indo- Aryans
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1750 b.c. the tribes of indo-european peoples gegan to cross the hindu kush mountains into northwestern india. they came from north of the black and caspian seas
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Vedas
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are the Indo-Aryan's great works of religious literature
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Sanskrit
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Indo-Aryan's language.
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Vedic Age
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The period of India's history from 1500 B.C to 1000 B.C
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Brahmins
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Special priests who knew the proper form and rules of religious rituals
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Upanishads
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They were the written explanations of the Vedic religion
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epics
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Long poems based on historical or religious themes
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Bhagavad Gita
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Is part of the most famous Hindu scriptures The Mahabharata, tells the story of a great battle in a kingdom,
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caste system
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A complex form of social organization that began to take shape after the Indo- Aryan migration.
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varnas
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Four social classes that appeared in Indian society.
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monism
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The belief in the unity of God and creation
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maya
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Hinduism teaches the world we see is and illusion this illusion is called maya.
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reincarnation
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The belief in the rebirth of souls.
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nirvana
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A perfect peace for souls who grow spiritually.
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polytheistic
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Is the belief in many gods.
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Siddhartha Gautama
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The founder of Buddhism, he became known as the Buddha, or "the Enlightened One."
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Chandragupta Maurya
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A powerful young adventurer established the Mauryan Empire. Built a grand palace at Pataliiputra on the Ganges River. His army (600,000) conquered all of northwestern India up to the Hindu Kush.
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Asoka
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Chandragupta's grandson came to power in about 270 B.C. died in 232 B.C. Became the first imperial dynasty to hold nearly all of India.Became a Buddhist, sent missionaries tot her countries. The later years of Asokas's rule were remembered as a time of cultural and political advance in India.
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Chandra Gupta II
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(A.D. 374-415) society prospered, great progress was made in the arts.
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polygyny
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A practice where men were allowed to have more than one wife in ancient India.
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suttee
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A practice where widows committed suicide by throwing themselves on top of their husband's flaming funeral pyres. Suttee was sometimes required among the upper castes.
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Panchatantra
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Or "Five Books" they were fables from the Gupta period, stories with morals that taught traits as adaptability, shrewdness and determination.
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Nalanda
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Was a famous Buddhist university located in the eastern Ganges Valley.
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Aryabhata
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Was a mathematician one of the first people known to have used algebra and to have solved quadratic equations. Born in A.D. 400s
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inoculation
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The practice of infecting a person with a mild from of a disease so that he or she will not become ill with the more serious form.
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raja
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Governed small independent states, acted as the military leader, law maker, and judge.
