question

Infant capacity for sexual response

answer

male fetuses have erections many boys are born with them or have erections the first few weeks vaginal lubrication and genital swelling occur too both are reflexes

question

Pelvic thrusting

answer

observed in infants 8-10 months forms of affection, excitement or both

question

infancy: orgasm

answer

sexual responses that resemble orgasm are seen at four month in baby girls and five months in boys (but lack ejaculation)

question

Infancy: masturbation

answer

typical and may start as early as 5 months masturbation to orgasm is rare until the second year punishment may result in sex guilt

question

infancy: sexual curiosity

answer

playing doctor or wanting to be present when parent is bathing can be seen as early as 12-15 months

question

infancy: genital play

answer

genital play with others starts about 2 years of age expression of curiosity- investigate other children's genitals or may hug, cuddle, kiss, or climb on top of them no need for concern

question

infancy: co sleeping

answer

no developmental or sexual problems found to be associated with bed sharing not recommended by AAP (american association of pediatrics) for fear of accidental suffocation

question

infancy: sexual orientation of parents

answer

children raised by homosexual parents do not differ from children raised by heterosexual parents in: emotional stability, sexual orientation, gender-typed behavior, adjustment, gender identity, intellectual functioning

question

early childhood(3-8) : masturbation

answer

speculative research shows that at least 20% or children touch their genitals

question

early childhood: male-female sexual behavior

answer

sex games like show and playing doctor are common between the ages of 6-10

question

early childhood: male-male and female-female sexual behavior

answer

does not indicate adult sexual orientation may be more common than heterosexual play

question

difference between normal sex play and abuse?

answer

not always easy to tell look for emotional signs (depression, listlessness, withdrawing or aggression ) need to be taught good touching vs bad touching

question

preadolescence (9-13) behaviors

answer

behaviors are sexually related rather than sexual same sex best friend sex-segregated groups girls are dork: \"dorks is too nice to call a boy increasingly preoccupied with self-conscious about their bodies need peer approval

question

preadolescence (9-13)

answer

sexual urges are experienced but may not emerge until adolescence many preadolescents are sexually active 5.6% of students had had sexual intercourse prior to age 13 higher among males (8.3%) than females (3.1%) decrease in trend scine 1991 (10.2%-5.6%)

question

preadolescence (9-13) masturbation

answer

kinsey et al reported primary means of achieving orgasm 45% o females and 15% of females masturbated by age 13 appears more acceptable or normal for boys than girls

question

preadolescence male-female sexual behavior

answer

mutual display of the genitals with or without touching is common

question

preadolescence male-male and female-female behavior

answer

is explorative behavior that does not reflect one's sexual orientation - includes mutual touching or mutual masturbation often with peers and may reflect lack of availability of opposite-sex partners

question

adolescence puberty

answer

when reproduction first becomes possible begins with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics - physical characteristics that differentiate males and females but are not involved directly with reproduction (body hair fat and muscle changes deepening of voice) ends when the long bones in the body stop growing major changes typically take 3 years for girls and 4 years for boys

question

adolescence puberty primary sex characteristics

answer

physical characters that are involved directly in reproduction - for example the sex organs

question

adolescence - puberty changes in female

answer

menarche - the onset of menstruation, early menstrual cycles are typically anovulatory critical fat hypothesis - the view that girls must reach a certain body weight to trigger pubertal changes such as menarche ovaries secrete estrogen - promotes growth of breast tissue, uterus, vagina, and fatty tissue adrenal glands produce small amounts of androgens- stimulate growth of pubic and underarm hair and the development of the clitoris

question

stages of puberty in females : stage 1 between 8-12

answer

no visible signs of physical development but ovaries are enlarging and hormone production is beginning

question

stages of puberty in females: stage 2 : may begin any where between 8-14

answer

weight/height increase rapidly, fine hair growth in pubic region/underarms breast buds appear, nipples raises and tender sweat, oil glands more active- acne

question

stages of puberty in females: stage 3: may begin any where between 9-15

answer

breast become rounder/fuller hips widen, vaginal secretes clear whitish fluid pubic hair darker thicker height/weight increase some may begin ovulation and menstratuation

question

stages of puberty in females: stage 4 anywhere from age 10-16

answer

underarm hair becomes thicker pubic hair forms triangular patch nipple/areola stuck out from rest of breast some may begin ovulation and menstruation

question

stages of puberty in females: stage 5 anywhere from 12-19

answer

adult height reached breast development complete pubic hair is curly with triangular patch ovulation and menstruation become more regular overall look is young adult woman

question

adolescence - puberty male

answer

testes increase output of testosterone - promotes growth of male genitals and pubic hair erections become frequent and first ejaculation occurs by 13-14 - nocturnal emissions begin a year later body and facial hair develops voice deepens as the larynx grows and vocal cords lengthen

question

stages of puberty in males: stage 9-14

answer

no visible signs of physical developments but hormones production begins

question

stages of puberty in males: stage 2 11-13

answer

height/weight increase rapidly testicles become larger and scrotum hangs lower scrotum becomes darker in color fine hair growth at base of penis hair growth on legs and underarms

question

stages of puberty in males: stage 3 12-14

answer

penis, scrotum, and testicles grow darker thicker pubic hair muscles become larger, broader shoulders sweat/oil glands more active - acne may result sperm production begins temporary swelling / tenderness around nipples increase in height/weight hair growth continues

question

stages of puberty in males: stage 4 13-16

answer

sperm production has begun larynx increases voice becomes deeper increase in height and weight penis and testicles grow pubic hair increase becomes dark course and curly

question

stages of puberty in males: stage 5 14-18

answer

growth of facial hair chest hair growth adult height reached penis and testicles reach adult size pubic underarm, and leg hair are adult color, texture overall look is young adult

question

adolescence: masturbation

answer

major sexual outlet boys more than girls (not clear if due to greater sex drive or social constraints)

question

adolescence: petting

answer

male-female behavior petting : many use to express affection, satisfy curiosity and reach orgasm many believe it is not sexual because it stops short of intercourse girls more likely to be pushed into it and feel guilty

question

adolescence: oral sex

answer

incidence increases with age some couples use it as a method of birth control and to maintain virginity

question

adolescence premarital intercourse

answer

some do not want it to happen but simply that it is happening to them motives: surge in sex hormones, love, desire for pleasure, conformity to peers, peer recognition

question

attitudes of teens 15-19 towards first sexual intercourse : didn't want it to happen

answer

females: 10.8% males: 5%

question

attitudes of teens 15-19 towards first sexual intercourse : had mixed feelings

answer

females: 48% males: 32.5%

question

attitudes of teens 15-19 towards first sexual intercourse: really wanted it to happen

answer

females: 41.2% males: 62.5%

question

adolescence premarital intercourse cont

answer

about half of US high school students are sexually active different concerns about intercourse for first time girls: concerned if doing the right thing boys: concerned if doing the things right

question

adolescence factors against intercourse

answer

religious and moral reasons family influences fear of being caught, pregnancy or disease educational and career goals in a relationship but waiting haven't found right person yet

question

adolescence male-male and female-female sexual behavior

answer

may reflect exploration or lack of partners rather than sexual orientation many gay males and lesbians develop sense of being gay during adolescence

question

teenage pregnancy

answer

one in five sexually active girls between 15 and 19 become pregnancy each year (1/5 of those will become pregnant again within a year) 800,000 pregnancies a year 500,000 births a year vast majority are unplanned 9/10 are accidental and without committed partners related to poverty, joblessness and lack of hope for future

question

factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy

answer

loosening of taboos on adolescent sexuality impaired parental relationships academic problems misunderstandings about reproduction lack of contraception

question

children of teenage mothers

answer

are at a greater risk of physical, emotional and intellectual problems in their preschool years -results of poor nutrition and healthcare, family instability and inadequate parenting

question

contraceptive use among sexually active teens

answer

if used, used inconsistently factors that increase use: more frequent intercourse, relationship satisfaction, peer use, age factors that decrease use: poor academic performance, and low educational ambitions, poor family relationships and communications, myths regarding reproductive capability

question

when did Rahn get her aggie ring?

answer

Sept 96

question

Being single

answer

most common lifestyle among people in their early 20s decline in marriage rates pursuing educational and career goals cohabiting getting married later less social stigma for single people today many are not single by choice many single people are lonely most are well adjusted and content

question

median age at first marriage

answer

is increasing since 1950 now: males 28.7 females 26.5

question

being single cont

answer

most singles practice serial monogamy - becoming involved in one exclusive relationship after another a few are swinging single - pursue casual sexual encounters (ie one night stands ) some practice celibacy - complete sexual abstinence reasons include: religious work or other causes view sex outside of marriage as immoral

question

being single dating hooking up

answer

dating not a term used by high school or colleg students rather use \"seeing:\" each other hooking up: casual sexual relationship - no strings attached meets sexual not romantic interests usually temporary friends with benefits

question

cohabitation

answer

POSSLQ ( People of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters) introduced by the US Census Bureau to refer to cohabitation - living together as though married but without legal sanction rates have increased 10 fold since 1960 generally socially accepted today may even replace marriage as nation's most popular lifestyle sometime during this century precedes more than half of marriages some research has found a positive correlation between cohabiting before marriage and divorce

question

cohabitation cont

answer

more prevalent among less educated and less affluent people children as common as in married households reasons: alternative to living alone not ready for marriage offers commitment without legal ties economic benefits avoid resistance of marriage by adult children test out compatibility

question

marriage

answer

most common lifestyle in US - rates decreasing long and varied history wife considered property men arranged marriages for gain view as loving companions rather than chattel (child bearer and homemaker only) has grown over time

question

why do people marry?

answer

meets personal and cultural needs legitimizes sexual relations provides legal sanction offers an institution in which to raise children restricts sexual relations orderly transmission of wealth to next generation to satisfy desire for companionship and intimacy to be happier

question

types of marriage

answer

monogamy: marriage to one person illegal: polygamy: simultaneous marriage to more than one person polygyny: man is married to more than one woman at the same time polyandry: woman is married to more than one man at the same time

question

arranged marriage

answer

families of the bride and groom arrange the union

question

gay marriage

answer

marriage to someone of the same sex many countries, some states have extended marriage rights to gay couples others offer civil unions, domestic partnerships, or registered partnerships younger people more supportive many other support civil unions but no the use of the term marriage

question

other wrinkles in marriage

answer

open and group marriages permit relationships with people outside the marriage men more likely than women to express interest in sexual freedom

question

are marriages made in heaven or in the neighborhood

answer

in the choice of their marriage partner, most people practice homogamy the practice of marrying people who are similar racial ethnic background, education, religion, age, social backgrounds and standing some marriages also show mating gradient tendency for women to marry up (in social and economic status) and for men to marry down

question

intermarriage

answer

spouses are of different races: about 15% of all new marriages in the US AFrican American males more likely than AFrican American females t Asian females more likely than asian males

question

marital sex

answer

western views restrictive prior to sexual revolution of 60s and 70s foreplay last longer and is more varied frequency of coitus has not changed significantly since 1950s (frequency declines with years of marriage) older couples engage in coitus less frequently more varied coitus positions are used today coitus last longer today married couples engage in sex 5-6 times a month decreases as age

question

marital sexual satisfaction

answer

orgasmic consistency is higher today for men and women women in their 40s are somewhat more likely to reach orgasm consistently emotional satisfaction is lined to sexual satisfaction

question

marriage satisfaction depends on

answer

commitment, adequate income, sharing in housework, generosity towards spouse, match between amount of work one wishes to have and the amount one has support of family and friends, agreement on attitudes towards having and raising kids, sexual satisfaction, belief in religious/spiritual value of marriage

question

infidelity

answer

reasons: variety, break up the routine, fulfil sexual or nonsexual needs, revenge, curiosity and personal growth, women looking for emotional closeness (women less accepting of sex without emotional involvement)

question

patterns of infidelity: conventional adultery

answer

extramarital sex kept hidden from one's spouse

question

patterns of infidelity: consensual adultery

answer

extramarital sex engaged in openly with the knowledge and consent of one's spouse

question

patterns of infidelity: swinging

answer

both spouses share extramarital sexual experiences

question

attitudes towards infidelity

answer

only a minority of married people admit to affairs about 90% of people in the US say that affairs are always wrong or almost always wrong sexual revolution never extended itself to infidelity at least among majority of married people

question

effects of infidelity

answer

discovering infidelity can cause a variety of emotional responses - jealousy, shame, inadequacy, anger the harm incurred on the marriage depends on the meaning of the affair to the individual and his or her spouse- gender may affect how it is viewed discovery of infidelity may motivate the couple to try and improve their relationship discovery may speed up dissolution of a troubled marriage

question

divorce

answer

between 40-50% of marriages in the US end in divorce rode steadily form 1960-80 declined then leveled off in 2000s Reasons include: relaxation of legal restrictions on divorce, increased economic independence of women, people have higher expectations of marriage compared to previous generations,, problems with communication and a lack of understanding are the most common reasons given for divorce, important predictors are a husband's criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling

question

Staying together more likely if

answer

annual income is >50,000 baby 7+ months after marriage rather than prior to marriage married when over 25 as opposed to being a teen having intact family or origin religious affiliation college education already belonging to groups more successful than trying to join one to save a troubled marriage

question

the cost of divorce

answer

woman's income drops by 24% and a man's declines by 6% divorced and separated people have high rates of physical and mental illness and suicide effect on the child - divorce is hardest for children in the first year following the breakup but rebound after a year or two - boys greater problems earlier, girls - greater problems later adjustment is easier when both parents maintain their parenting responsibilities and set aside their differences in the children's presence

question

staying together for the kids

answer

studies show that parental bickering and fighting is linked to the same kinds of problems children experience when their parents separate or divorce exposure to marital conflict is stressful and has health consequences causes stress, anxiety, increased heart rate/blood pressure in children of parental conflicts weakens immune system outcome is worse for children when conflicted parents stay together

question

blended families

answer

stepfamilies increasingly common with the rise in divorce and remarriage can be a positive situation many disband due to conflict higher incidence of sexual abuse by stepparents

question

sex in the later years

answer

sexual daydreaming, sex drive, and sexual activity decline with age(negative attitudes towards sex increase) do not necessarily lose their sexuality sexual activity among older people influenced by: physical structures and changes, psychological well being, feelings of intimacy, cultural expectations

question

female physical changes in the later years

answer

many changes result fro, a decline in estrogen production less vaginal lubrication, vaginal walls lose elasticity orgasm may not feel as physically intense

question

male physical changes in the later years

answer

changes may result from a decline in testosterone levels after age 50 men take progressively longer to achieve erection - erections become less firm men may need more time to reach orgasm the refractory period tends to become longer with age orgasm may not feel as physically intense

question

patterns of sexual activity in the later years

answer

frequency declines with age broaden sexual repertoire to accommodate physical changes of aging -oral-genital stimulation -fantasy -pornography -anal stimulation -sex toys availability of an interested and supportive partner is most determinate factor in continued activity

question

sex and disability

answer

sexual wellness involves five factors -positive self concept -knowledge about sexuality -positive productive relationships -cope with barriers to sexuality -maintaining sexual health this model applies to all of us

question

physical disabilities- MS

answer

multiple sclerosis - nervous system disease, symptoms vary so sexual enjoyment may continue

question

physical disabilities: cerebral palsy

answer

muscular disorder that is caused by damage to the central nervous system (usually prior to or during birth) and characterized by spastic paralysis -does not usually impair sexual interest, capacity for orgasm or fertility -people with cerebral palsy may be socialized into asexual role which counseling may help to change

question

physical disabilities: spinal cord injury

answer

many people with spinal cord injuries can become sexually aroused and engaged in coitus paraplegia - paralysis in located in the legs quadriplegia - paralysis in all four limbs effects on sexual response depend on the site and severity of injury -men's psychogenic erections originate in the upper spinal cord and reflexive erections originate in lower spinal cord women may lose ability to experience genital sensations or to lubricate normally but breasts may not be affected - most women can become pregnant and bear healthy children

question

sensory disabilities

answer

do not directly alter genital responsiveness sexually may be affected however. -relevant sex ed and counseling can increase sexual awareness and the development of social skills

question

other physical disabilities and impairments

answer

arthritis is characterized by inflammation or pain in the joints - may make sexual activity difficult

question

intellectual disabilities

answer

often stereotyped as asexual, incapable of understanding their sexuality or controlling their sex drive. most develop normal sexual needs most can learn about their sexuality and form rewarding and responsible intimate relationships

question

what is sexual dysfunction

answer

diagnosis that a disturbance in sexual desire or the psychophysiological components of one's sexual response (IE orgasm) cycle causes significant distress and interpersonal difficulty people with dysfunctions: often avoid sexual opportunities, feel inadequate or incompetent, find it difficult to talk about no precise figures on occurrence of sexual dysfunction

question

DSM has 4 categories of sexual dysfunctions

answer

*sexual desire disorders* - lack of interest or aversion to sexual contact *sexual arousal disorders* - failure to become adequately sexually aroused to engage in or sustain sexual intercourse *Orgasmic disorders* - difficulty reaching orgasm or reaching orgasms more rapidly than one would like *sexual pain disorders* - persistent recurrent experience of pain during sex

question

Sexual dysfunctions

answer

can be lifelong or acquired (follow a period of normal functioning) classified as generalized (occur in all situations) or situational (like one partner not the other, or during sex but not masturbation)

question

ex. man can become aroused during masturbation but not during sex with a partner.

answer

lifelong and situational

question

hypoactive desire disorder

answer

little or no sexual interest or desire -absence of sexual fantasies most commonly diagnosed sexual dysfunction does not indicate physical inability more common in women than men cause unclear

question

sexual aversion disorder

answer

little or no interest in sex but not repelled by genital contact some find sex or genital contact disgusting or aversive may be due to sexual frustration from failure or to sexual trauma (rape, abuse, incest,) more common in women

question

male erectile disorder or erectile dysfunction

answer

persistent difficulty achieving or maintaing an erection sufficient to complete sexual activity - situational or generalized may occur due to performance anxiety - anxiety concerning ones ability to perform behaviors especially behaviors that may be evaluated by other people may have physical causes

question

female sexual arousal disorder

answer

persistent difficulty becoming sufficiently lubricated in response to sexual stimulation can be lifelong or situational may have physical causes usually have psychological causes such as anger, resentment, or trauma

question

female orgasmic disorder

answer

anorgasmic: never having reached orgasm -women who try to force an orgasm, ,ay assume a spectator role - role in which people observe rather than fully participate in their sexual encounters

question

male orgasmic disorder

answer

this is also termed delayed ejaculation, retarded ejaculation, or ejaculatory incompetence

question

premature ejacualtion

answer

ejaculation occurs with minimal sexual stimulation and before the man desires it hard to define what is meant by premature can have physical or psychological causes

question

rapid female orgasm

answer

not classified as a sexual dysfunction may result in sexual relationship issues can have physical or psychological causes

question

dyspareunia

answer

persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse which is commonly caused by lack of lubrication in women and genital infections in mean psychological factors such as guilt to anxiety could contribute to pain

question

vaginismus

answer

involuntary contraction of the muscle surrounding the vaginal barrel prevents penile penetration or makes it painful causes by psychological fear of penetration

question

vulvodynia

answer

gynecological condition characterized by vulva pain, burning sensations, irritations and soreness cause unknown

question

origins of sexual dysfunctions: biopsychosocial model

answer

considering interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in sexual dysfunctions

question

organic causes of sexual dysfunction

answer

fatigue, low testosterone, disease (diabete, hypertension, MS) drug use, injury, complications from surgery, aging, prescription drugs, pregnancy

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction : intrapersonal conflicts

answer

religious taboos, social restrictions, sexual identity conflicts, guilt

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction : interpersonal conflicts

answer

relationship conflicts, extra marital affairs, current abuse, sexual libido, desire or practices differemt fro, partner, poor sexual communication

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction : life stressors

answer

financial, family or job problems, family illness or death, depression

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction : historical factors

answer

past or current abuse(sexual, verbal, physical) rape, sexual inexperience

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction: sexual orientation

answer

sexual dysfunctions within a heterosexual relationship can reflect on a lack of heteroerotic interests

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction: ineffective sexual techniques

answer

include failure to diversity, brevity, and lack of communication

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction: emotional factors

answer

include fear of losing control, depression and stress

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction: problems in the relationship

answer

communication problems resentment

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction: irrational beliefs

answer

when one instance or erectile r orgasmic disorder leads to false catastrophic beliefs

question

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction: performance anxiety

answer

can create vicious cycle of failure and increased anxiety

question

treatment of sexual dysfunction

answer

change self-defeating beliefs and attitudes enhance sexual knowledge improve sexual communication reduce performance anxiety enhance stimulation and eliminate routine encourage noncoital behavior

question

treatment of sexual dysfunctions: sex therapy

answer

a collective term for short terms behavioral modelsfor treatment of sexual dysfunctions which aim to: change self-defeating beliefs and attitudes enhance sexual knowledge teach sexual skills improve sexual communication reduce performance anxiety biological treatments

question

PLISSIT Model of sex therapy

answer

Permission - > limited information -> specific suggestion -> intensive therapy

question

master and johnson approach to sex therapy

answer

cognitive-behavioral therapy: female-male therapy team uses direct behavioral approaches to treat the couple during a two week residential program which includes: sensitive focus exercises and exercises in which sex partners take turns giving and receiving pleasurable stimulation in nongenital areas

question

Helen singer Kaplan Approach to sex therapy

answer

psychosexual therapy combines behavioral and psychoanalytic methods improve sexual communication eliminate performance anxiety increase sexual skills and knowledge

question

sexual desire disorders treatment

answer

self-stimulation exercises combined with erotic fantasies sensate focus exercises enhancing communication expanding repertoire of couple's sexual skills testosterone replacement therapy use of anti-anxiety medications couples therapy

question

sexual arousal disorders treatment: erectile disorder

answer

sensate focus exercises are used to reduce performance anxiety biological approaches to treatment of erectile disorder -surgery (vascular surgery or penile implant -medication (viagra) -vacuum pumps

question

sexual arousal disorders treatment: female sexual arousal disorder

answer

sex education cognitive therapy create non demanding situations work on relationship problems use of artificial lubricants biological treatments: vacuum pump on clitoris, medications also are being investigated

question

orgasmic disorders treatment

answer

sensate focus exercises to reduce performance anxiety use female- superior position individual therapy (typical for women) involved directed masturbation programs which include -education -self exploration and self massage -giving onseself permission -use of fantasy -use of a vibrator -involvement of the partner

question

orgasmic disorders treatment: male

answer

increase sexual stimulation decrease performance anxiety

question

premature ejacualtion treatment

answer

partner uses the squeeze technique an alternative method is the stop-start method biological approaches to treatment of premature ejaculation include the use of psychiatric medications

question

sexual pain disorders treatment : dyspareunia

answer

treatment includes medical procedures to treat infections

question

sexual pain disorders treatment: vaginismus

answer

treatment involves the insertion of vaginal dilators or increasing size to help relax the vaginal musculature -woman controls the pace and depth of penetration psychological therapy may be needed

question

prostitution

answer

sale of sex for money illegal in the US - a few Nevada counties have legalized prostitution but only the use of state licensed brothels is legal most prostitutes are female most clients are male redefined as sex work incidence in US has dropped sex workers found in streets, brothels, adult films, internet, phone boo, and classified ads

question

female prostitutes

answer

research find a high level of psychological disturbance among prostitutes 82% history of childhood sexual abuse 72% history of childhood physical abuse 90% has been physically assaulted on the job 78% has been raped on the job 72% could be diagnosed with PTSD

question

streetwalkers

answer

prostitutes who solicit on the streets most common type of prostitution at risk of abuse by customers and pimps are the bottom rung of the hierarchy tend to have history or poverty and being abused most at risk for arrest drugs and disease area way of life

question

brothel prositution

answer

occupy a middle status on the hierarchy live in the brothel but split their profits with management some may be there against their will

question

massage parlor

answer

many serve as fronts for prostitution often found in malls in middle class suburbs masturbation and oral sex are the most common services

question

strip clubs

answer

often limited to dances only extra services may be bought for tips in the VIP rooms

question

The Chicken Ranch

answer

Brothel in Texas in 1905-1973 located in Fayette County, 2.4 miles east of LA Grange students fro, A&M had an unofficial tradition of sending freshmen to visit for initiations many girls were allegedly UT students Marvin Zindler investigated the ranch and Governor Briscoe closed it Basis for the musical and movie the best little whorehouse in Texas

question

Escort services

answer

found in every major US city some provide escort services only but most are fronts for prostitution many prostitutes who are escorts come from middle class backgrounds and are well educated

question

call girls

answer

have the highest status and make the most money overlap with escorts most attractive and well educated prostitutes usually work on their own

question

Getting into the Life

answer

poverty, sexual and or physical abuse, family dysfunction are common in the backgrounds of most prostitutes some enter because they have learned that sex can gain them attention or love from adults major motive is money

question

Johns

answer

The customers of female prostitutes men who hire prostitutes represent all socioeconomic and ethnic groups occasional johns vs habitual john compulsive johns to to fulfill psychological or sexual need enjoy sex only with prostitutes or only ask prostitutes to engage in certain acts view marital sex as an obligation

question

motives for using prostitutes

answer

sex without negotiation sex without commitment sex for eroticism and variety prostitution as a social outlet problematical sex

question

gigolos

answer

male prostitutes who service female clients rare

question

hustlers

answer

men who engage in prostitution with male customers customers of hustlers are called scores are generally young and have little education many come from families with a history of alcoholism or physical and sexual abuse may be gay or heterosexual

question

kinds of male sex workers

answer

strippers kept boys - have sugar daddy call boys punks - prison inmates drag prostitutes brothel prostitutes bar hustlers/street hustlers money is the main motive for male prostitution mostly an adolescent enterprise

question

STIs and prostitution

answer

risk of HIV/ aIDS is most deadly threat - linked to both female and male prostitutes in countries where HIV is spread mainly by male female sexual intercourse sex with prostitutes is a main method of transmission prostitutes often do not use condoms many prostitutes and their clients inject drugs and share contaminated needles

question

should prostitution be legalized?

answer

countries in which prostitution is legalized and regulated have low rates of STIs turns sex workers into taxpayers provides a safer venue for prositution degrading to women and family values still may not be a free decision sex trafficking

question

pornography

answer

sexually explicit material produced to elicit or enhance sexual arousal is popular and controversial -some are opposed due to moral reason -feminists are opposed due to its portrayal of women prurient -tend ing to excite lust; lewd determining what constitutes pornography is very subjective pornography may be hard core or soft core (r rates)

question

obscenity

answer

offends people's feelings or goes beyond prevailing standards of decency or modesty usually laws are written about obscenity rather than pornography

question

pornography and the law: Comstock ACt (1873)

answer

anti- obscenity bill that also outlawed the dissemination of birth control information

question

pornography and the law: Roth v United States ( 1957)

answer

portrayal of sexual activity was protected under the first amendment of the constitution

question

pornography and the law: stanley v Georgia (1969)

answer

possessing obscene material in one's home is not a criminal act -child pornography is a different story

question

pornography and the law: Miller V California

answer

another obscenity case that acknowledged the definition of obscene varies with community standards

question

pornography and the law: Pope v illinois (1987)

answer

another obscenity case that attempted to define what is obscene Hinges on whether a reasonable person would find literary, artistic, political, or scientific value in the material

question

erotica and pornography

answer

nearly all of us are exposed to sexually explicit materials -typically by high school -typically by peers used to elicit or enhance sexual arousal both men and women are aroused repeated exposure to same material lessens response

question

sex differences in response to pornography

answer

both men and women can become physiologically aroused by pornography however, they may not share the same subjective response to it -women prefer romantic scenes to explicit ones

question

cybersex addiction

answer

1/3 of internet visits are to sexually oriented sites some men spend hours online viewing and masturbating to pornographic images -some engages in online sex through chat or webcam may be as addictive as drugs -tolerance can be developed some addicts have opportunities for sex available to them but cannot draw themselves from the online opportunities

question

The commission on obscenity and pornography

answer

in 1970 concluded that there was no evidence that pornography led to crimes of violence or sexual offenses

question

the meese commission report

answer

in 1985 claimed to find a casual link between sexual violence and exposure to violent pornography found no evidence linking exposure to nonviolent non degrading pornography and sexual violence critics contend that they failed to distinguish between the effects of sexually explicit material and the effects of violent material

question

pornography and sex offenders

answer

researchers found little or no difference in the level of exposure to pornography between incarcerated sex offenders and other felons however, pornography, especially violent pornography, may stimulate sexually deviate urges in certain subgroups or sex offenders and increase sexually aggressive behavior

question

violent pornography

answer

according to research, men exposed to violent pornography are more likely to become aggressive against females and to show less sensitivity towards women who have been sexually assaulted depictions of women becoming aroused by victimization may legitimize violence against women in the viewers mind violence rather than the sexual explicitness may cause negative attitudes towards rape victims

question

nonviolent pornography

answer

males and females who received extended exposure to pornography -gave more lenient punishments to a rapists -males attitudes toward women became more callous and negative -women become sexual play things evidence exists that repeated exposure to nonviolent pornography: -can loosen traditional sexual and family values -can foster dissatisfaction with the physical apperance and sexual performance of one's intimate partner

HLTH 342 Human sexuality 3

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