question

Where was Jesus born?

answer

Bethlehem

question

What was the name of the legislative body of medieval France?

answer

French Estates

question

What did the Restoration "restore" to power in England?

answer

monarchy and parliament

question

What does the word "Mesopotamia" mean?

answer

land between the rivers

question

What are the Gospels?

answer

four Gospels that are in the Bible tell a story of Jesus' life as well as lay the foundation for Christian doctrine

question

The Swahili language developed from a mixture of what languages?

answer

Arabic and Bantu languages

question

The archaeologists who did excavations in Crete named the civilization they uncovered what (naming it after one of the kings of ancient Crete)?

answer

Minoan civilization

question

What was the main reason for Henry VIII's split with the Roman Catholic Church?

answer

So Henry the 8th was the guy that had a bunch of wives. Why? Because none them would bear him a son, or an heir for the throne. Queen's were allowed to inherit the throne, but he wasn't about to let that happen. So what he wanted was a divorce or anullment of one his marriages, which basically means to say it never happened. Of course the Roman Catholic Church does not believe in divorce, so they said no. Thus King Henry was like, whatevs I'm the king, and made his own church, The Anglican Church. He also made it the official church of England. So that's why he split from the Catholic Church

question

Describe the status of women during the Tang and Song periods of Chinese history.

answer

Women's status slowly declined. The Song Period saw women at a very low social status-Song rulers thought Buddhism encouraged too much freedom for women Seclusion, lack of property rights, foot binding, and exclusion from education

question

Who were called the Northmen?

answer

vikings

question

What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the 7th century?

answer

The spread of Islam into Africa

question

During the later Middle Ages, where were most European serfs likely to search for freedom?

answer

cities and towns, monasteries

question

What is an enduring characteristic of Japanese government?

answer

A strong emperor who was supported by shoguns and samurai.

question

How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade?

answer

it lost 9.5 million people of the African population Families were torn apart..... Lost generations...

question

The wedge-shaped writing of the Sumerians was called what?

answer

cuneiform

question

What two continents are believed to have been connected by a land bridge called Beringia?

answer

Asia and North America

question

What did the Enlightenment promote?

answer

Belief in reason, science, and individual rights, promoted new ideas of art, religion, and philosophy

question

Spartan society most centered around what?

answer

loyalty to the nation and army

question

The Peace of Augsburg ended a war between the supporters of what two?

answer

ended the wars of religion between the Roman Catholics and Anglicans

question

In medieval Europe, what was the bargain made between a lord and a vassal?

answer

lord would grant the vassal land in exchange for military service

question

In A.D. 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted and covered what city?

answer

Pompeii and Herculaneum

question

What nation profited most from trade with the East in the years directly following the Crusades?

answer

Italy

question

What are the followers of Islam called?

answer

Muslims

question

What is the Torah?

answer

first five books of the Old Testament

question

What Crusade was the only one that was considered successful from a military standpoint? (It was in this Crusade that the Christians retook control of Jerusalem).

answer

First Crusade

question

In the Persian Wars, the Greeks were victorious at what major battles?

answer

Marathon. Salamis. Plataea.

question

What group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague in Europe in the Late Middle Ages?

answer

traders, fleas, rats

question

What do most archeologists think was the main reason that the first people crossed Beringia?

answer

They were following game

question

What concept was the belief in "divine right" used to support?

answer

Royalty, Kings, Monarchies. They had a divine right to lead. Has to do with the idea that the power was bestowed upon them by god to lead.

question

The Crusades ended when what city fell in 1291?

answer

Acre

question

The Sahel is a "coastline" of what geographic feature?

answer

Sahara

question

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

answer

the major duties required of all Muslims 1. statement of faith to Allah and to Muhammad 2. Pray five times a day 3. give alms, or money for the poor 4. fast b/w dawn and sunset during holy month of Ramadan 5. perform Hajj at least once if able

question

What led to the War of the Spanish Succession?

answer

Charles II made Louis XIV's grandson his heir, adding to Bourbon power

question

Polytheists believe in what?

answer

more than one God

question

What nation did Prince Henry help to take the lead in overseas exploration? (His father was king of the same country.)

answer

Portugal

question

Describe the Battle of Thermopylae.

answer

In the Battle of Thermopylae (as detailed almost entirely by Herodotus), which occurred in 480 BC , an alliance of Greek city-states fought the invading Persian Empire at the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece. Vastly outnumbered, the Greeks held back the Persians for three days in one of history's most famous last stands. A small force led by King Leonidas of Sparta blocked the only road through which the massive army of Xerxes I of Persia could pass. After three days of battle, a local resident named Ephialtes is believed to have betrayed the Greeks by revealing a mountain path that led behind the Greek lines. Dismissing the rest of the army, King Leonidas stayed behind with 300 Spartans, 700 Thespian volunteers, 400 Thebans that had been pressed into service and 900 Helots. The Persians succeeded in taking the pass but sustained heavy losses, extremely disproportionate to those of the Greeks. The fierce resistance of the Spartan-led army offered Athens the invaluable time to prepare for a decisive naval battle that would come to determine the outcome of the war. The subsequent Greek victory at the Battle of Salamis left much of the Persian Empire's navy destroyed and Xerxes retreated to Asia, leaving a force in Greece under Mardonius, who was to meet the Greeks in battle one last time. The Spartans assembled at full strength and led a pan-Greek army that defeated the Persians decisively at the Battle of Plataea, ending the Greco-Persian War and with it, the expansion of the Persian Empire into Europe.

question

What crop was most important to the survival of the early Americans?

answer

maize/corn

question

What was the central issue of the Hundred Years' War?

answer

Conquest, Kings of England wanted to rule France

question

The Renaissance began in what country?

answer

Italy

question

What do followers of Islam do during Ramadan that they do not do year round?

answer

fast

question

After the Persian Wars, the Delian League was formed, controlled, and dominated by what city-state?

answer

Athens

question

What was the Edict of Nantes issued in an effort to do?

answer

bring an end to violent religious conflicts in France brought religious tolerance

question

The Phoenician colony of Carthage was located where?

answer

Tunisia, Northern Africa

question

What are Africa's savannas?

answer

grassy plains

question

What effects did the development of agriculture have on early societies in the Americas?

answer

Could support more families Gave them more free time to develop new hobbies and trades, form governments Towns developed, could stay in one place

question

What were Europeans' main motives for making voyages of exploration during the Age of Exploration and Discovery?

answer

building of empires, diffusion of Christianity, ever-increasing opportunities fort trade and new markets, greater power than before, and material good and riches that included gold, spices, silver and slaves.

question

The Concordat of Worms resolved a power struggle between what two?

answer

Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V

question

What war was sparked by religious conflict and resulted in the increased power of France, the weakening of Spain and Austria, and the devastation of Germany?

answer

Thirty Years' War

question

Toward what city do followers of Islam face when they pray?

answer

Mecca

question

What steps were involved in mummification in ancient Egypt?

answer

Steps of Embalming the Body The process of embalming began in a tent referred to as the 'ibu' or the 'place of purification', where the dead body was washed with palm wine, and rinsed with the water from river Nile. A small cut was made on the left side of the body, and some internal organs, like the liver, lungs, stomach and intestines were removed. This was done as these organs were believed to be the first to decompose. Next the brain was removed using a long hook, one of the most important mummification tools, which was inserted into the body through the nose. Next came the drying stage, wherein the body was stuffed and covered with natron, and allowed to dry for a period of 40 days. After 40 days of drying, the body was again washed with the water from river Nile, and smeared with sweet smelling oils, so that the body could retain its elasticity. As the last step towards embalming, the body was filled with dry matter, such as sawdust and linen. Finally, it was again smeared with sweet smelling oils, and thus the body was ready to be wrapped in linen. Each of these internal organs was put into a separate canopic jar. These canopic jars were put in a canopic chest and buried in tombs, as the Egyptians believed that the dead would need these organs in their afterlife. Steps of Wrapping the Body After embalming, the body was wrapped in linen and placed in the coffins. They followed a particular technique of wrapping, the steps of which are given below. Next came the process of wrapping the body, wherein various parts of the body were wrapped with linen. The wrapping started with head, followed by other parts, in order of neck, fingers, toes, arms and legs. While wrapping the body, the secret amulets, i.e. the Isis knot and the Plummet, were placed between the layers of wraps. This was done as the Egyptians believed that these amulets would protect the dead during his journey to the underworld. While the body was wrapped, a priest recited the spells from the 'Book of the Dead'. This was done to ward off the evil spirits, that could hinder the persons journey to the underworld. The arms and legs were tied together, a scroll with the spells from the 'Book of the Dead' was placed between the hands of the dead, and the entire body was wrapped from head to the toe. While wrapping, the entire body was smeared with a resin, which would act like a glue, to hold the linen strips together. A cloth with the picture of Osiris - the Egyptian God of the Underworld, was wrapped around the body. After this, another large cloth was wrapped around the body, and linen strips were wrapped around the cloth to keep it in place, and the mummy was ready. Next, the mummy was placed in the first coffin, and then the first coffin was place into the second one. This was followed by various ceremonies, including the actual funeral and the opening of the mouth ceremony, which was believed to help the dead to breathe and speak. The mummy was then placed within the sarcophagus - a stone coffin with carvings on it, and kept in the tomb, which was its final resting place. That traced the journey of a dead body from the Ibu - the place of purification, to the tomb - the final resting place.

question

What was the body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire called?

answer

The Justinian Code

question

What does the word "Bantu" mean?

answer

family grouping of languages

question

What were the names of the ships that Christopher Columbus brought on his first voyage to the America's?

answer

Santa María Nina Pinta

question

Who fought in the Punic Wars?

answer

Rome and Carthage

question

What was the chief goal of the Crusades?

answer

for control over Jerusalem and Holy Lands convert people to Christianity

question

Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first?

answer

Island in the Caribbean Sea Bahamas

question

What system of law regulates the family life, moral conduct, and the business and community life of followers of Islam?

answer

Shari'a

question

What is Gaul today?

answer

France and parts of Belgium, western Germany, and northern Italy

question

How did the economy of central and eastern Europe most differ from that of western Europe?

answer

Serfs in central Europe did not move to cities and become middle class

question

Most of the Seljuks converted to what religion?

answer

Sunni Islam

question

The four collections of sacred writings produced by the Aryans during an early age of their settlement in India was called what?

answer

Vedas

question

What did King Ezana of Aksum establish as the kingdom's official religion during his reign?

answer

Christianity

question

What problems were identified by Church reformers during the Middle Ages?

answer

Priests were marrying, Kings were appointing bishops, Bishops sold church positions

question

What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?

answer

Bible

question

Orthodox Christianity became the state religion of what empire?

answer

Byzantine Empire

question

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas signed by Portugal and Spain?

answer

to divide newly discovered lands between them

question

According to tradition, Julius Caesar said, "The dye is cast." It is believed he said this when he was doing what?

answer

as he crossed the Rubicon river with one of his legions to start the civil war that would bring him to power

question

Who did followers of Islam consider the "people of the book"?

answer

Jews and Christians

question

What are Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva?

answer

Hindu Gods

question

During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, what group suffered the greatest loss of power?

answer

Boyars

question

What is the main belief of followers of animism?

answer

Animist believe that all people, plants and inanimate object have souls. its like what the blue people believed in the Avatar movie.

question

What did the Magna Carta guarantee?

answer

basic legal rights, Limited the King's power, He could no longer seize property, there was no more taxation without agreement of the council, they could not be tried without witnesses, and they were guaranteed trial by a jury of their peers.

question

What Frankish leaders were part of the Carolingian Dynasty?

answer

Pepin the Short Carloman Charlemagne Louis the Pious

question

What kind of person represented the ideal of the "Renaissance man"?

answer

someone who excelled in many areas of study

question

Most people in the Roman empire were engaged in what profession?

answer

farming

question

The Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path are beliefs that originated in what religion?

answer

Buddhism

question

The city of St. Petersburg was built on land that Russia acquired from a war with what country?

answer

Sweden

question

What was the major cause of the Great Schism in the Church?

answer

Argument about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope, both excommunicated each other, led to church split

question

Constantinople is known by what name today?

answer

Istanbul

question

What was unusual about the West African Iron Age?

answer

skipped bronze and copper age

question

Why did Europeans see Africans as a better source of labor than Native Americans?

answer

Skin color made it easier to catch them if they escaped, they had strong immune systems, experience in farming, and did not know the law of the land, so less likely to escape.

question

What was one of John Calvin's major teachings?

answer

Predestination. it states that upon our birth it has already been [predestined] decided (by God) whether we are good or evil and where you're going.

question

What was the chief means of social and political organization in African stateless societies?

answer

lineage groups

question

In a government that uses a civil service system, in order to get a government job, one must do what?

answer

take an examination

question

What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England?

answer

Parliament

question

Identify gods and goddesses from Roman mythology.

answer

Jupiter - King of the Gods Juno - Queen of the Gods Neptune - God of the Sea Pluto - God of Death Apollo - God of the Sun Diana - Goddess of the Moon Mars - God of War Venus - Goddess of Love

question

Which document was created to end the Seven Years' War?

answer

Treaty of Paris

question

What did the Treaty of Verdun do?

answer

the division of Charlemagne's Empire into 3 parts between his 3 sons

question

What European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas?

answer

Spain

question

Shah Abbas

answer

helped create Safavid culture

question

Abraham

answer

father of the Hebrew people, moved them to Canaan

question

Abu-Bakr

answer

became first caliph(successor), friend of Muhammad's

question

John Adams

answer

This man served as the defending attorney for the British soldiers who were on trial for their role in the Boston Massacre.

question

Aeschylus

answer

Father of Tragedy, wrote , Oresteia

question

the Akkadians

answer

Leader was Sargon, adopted much of Sumerian culture, part of first empire

question

Alexander the Great

answer

king of Macedon

question

Dante Alighieri

answer

This man was the author of Divine Comedy.

question

Amorites

answer

invaded Mesopotamia, capitol was Babylon, called the Babylonian Empire

question

Marc Antony

answer

member of the Second Triumvirate; husband of Cleopatra; fought with Octavian for control of Rome

question

Thomas Aquinas

answer

Argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument.

question

Archimedes

answer

Hellenistic scientist, found pi, invented Archimedes screw and pulley

question

Aristarchus

answer

astronomer, found sun was bigger than Earth, said planets revolve around sun

question

Aristotle

answer

Student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great

question

Atahualpa

answer

Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. (p. 438)

question

Romulus Augustus

answer

last Roman emperor, 14 years old

question

Augustus/Octavian

answer

First Emperor of Rome/ruled during Pax Romana, part of second triumvirate, took over as emperor

question

Aurangzeb

answer

Shah Jahan's son, put dad in jail and killed his older brother The Mughal empire reached its greatest geographic extent during the reign of?

question

Johann Sebastian Bach

answer

Music Composer (Baroque)

question

Francis Bacon

answer

In this English politician and writers writings, he criticized the techniques of the ancient and medical scholars, he agreed for the adoption of new scientific techniques such as the experimented method, he was the author of Norum Organum

question

Roger Bacon

answer

English scientist responsible for scientific methods

question

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

answer

Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean

question

Thomas Becket

answer

Archbishop of Canterbury

question

Ludwig van Beethoven

answer

This pianist was considered the master of Romanticism music

question

Robert Boyle

answer

This pioneer of the use of the scientific method in chemistry is considered the founder of modern chemistry. He is best known for the discovery of a law that helps to explain the characteristics of gases.

question

Tycho Brahe

answer

Danish astronomer, recorded movements of planets over many years for others to study

question

Julius Caesar

answer

Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators and his former friend Brutus who hoped to restore the normal running of the republic.

question

John Calvin

answer

French follower of Luther, spread protestantism, published Institutes of the Christian Religion, believed in predestination, started Calvinism(religion based on his teachings)

question

Howard Carter

answer

Discovered King Tut's Tomb

question

Baldassare Castiglione

answer

wrote The Courtier (taught how to become a Renaissance man)

question

Miguel de Cervantes

answer

Wrote Don Quixote de la Mancha (man who thought he was a knight)

question

the Chaldeans

answer

The ___________ captured the town of Nineveh and conquered the Assyrians

question

Jean Champollion

answer

deciphered the Rosetta Stone

question

Charlemagne

answer

King of the Franks,

question

Charles I of England

answer

This king of England lost the English Civil War, he was tried and put to death, he signed the Petition its provisions.

question

Charles II of England

answer

restored monarchy, his period of rule is called restoration, had no child

question

Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire

answer

Issued the Edict of Worms( (Luther is an outlaw and heretic, don't help him), Hapsburg ruler of Spain, a native of Flanders, who was also the Holy Roman Emperor

question

Geoffrey Chaucer

answer

wrote The Canterbury Tales

question

Cleisthenes

answer

Athenian leader/aristocrat, created a council of 500 and helped form Athenian democracy

question

Pope Clement V

answer

French archbishop, moved from Rome to Avignon, move weakened Church

question

Jean Baptiste Colbert

answer

Louis XIV's minister of finance, believed in mercantilism, wanted France to be self-sufficient

question

Christopher Columbus

answer

Italian sea captain, convinced Spain to finance him to try to find a route to Asia across the Atlantic Ocean, reached an island in the Caribbean, increased tensions between Spain and Portugal

question

Commodus

answer

Ancient Roman Emperor who succeeded his father, Marcus Aurelius, and began the decline of the Roman Empire.

question

Confucius

answer

China's most influential scholar, believed peace and prosperity could be restored if society were organized around 5 relationships (ruler and subject, father and son, ect.), thought family was very important. Elected minister of justice. His teachings were collected into the Analects. Laid groundwork for bureaucracy. Invented Confucianism (ethical system).

question

Constantine

answer

Roman emperor, fought 3 rivals for the throne, was at Tiber river to fight his main rival when he saw a cross in the sky and had it put on all the shields, won and credited it to the Christian God, ended persecution of christians, issued Edict of Milan

question

Nicolaus Copernicus

answer

Polish astronomer, said planets and stars revolve around the sun, created heliocentric theory, didn't publish his work until last year of his life because he was afraid of ridicule, wrote On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies

question

Hernando Cortes

answer

Spaniard, landed on shores of Mexico, colonized some of the Caribbean's, went into the mainland of US, was a conquistador

question

Marcus Licinius Crassus

answer

wealthy Roman, part of first triumvirate

question

Oliver Cromwell

answer

General that fought on the side of the Puritans in the English Civil War, became ruler, abolished monarchy, established commonwealth (Republc), dissolved Parliament, made Constitution, later became military dictator, killed many in Ireland, strict, religious toleration except for Catholics, This Puritan leader ruled England after the end of the English Civil War.

question

Cyril

answer

most successful Eastern missionary, worked with Slavs, made alphabet for Slavs so they could read the Bible, called Cyrillic alphabet (brother Methodius)

question

Cyrus the Great

answer

Persian king, conquered Babylon, was kind to conquered peoples

question

Vasco da Gama

answer

Portuguese explorer, Explored the east African coast, went to Calicut, India and got a lot of nice stuff. Gave Portugal a direct sea route to India.

question

Darius

answer

Persian king, was king's bodyguard but then the 10,000 Immortals helped him seize the throne, conquered a lot except Greece

question

David

answer

Saul's son-in-law, popular Israel/Hebrew king, made Jerusalem capitol, founded a dynasty

question

Rene Descartes

answer

This French mathematician developed analytical geometry, which links algebra and geometry. In his writings, he urged scientists to use mathematics and logic to reach fundamental truths about the natural world. He said, "I think, therefore I am" and wrote Discourse on Method.

question

Bartolomeu Dias

answer

Portuguese explorer, motive was "To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do."

question

Denis Diderot

answer

Made Encyclopedia

question

Diocletian

answer

Roman emperor who divided the empire in two and oversaw the eastern part

question

Draco

answer

Athenian leader, made legal code that said all Athenians were equal, death the punishment for almost every crime, first step towards democracy

question

Du Fu

answer

also known as Tu Fu, Chinese Tang poet, praised orderliness and Confucian virtues, wrote critically about war, was once captured by rebels

question

Edward III of England

answer

English King claiming the French throne, launched war for the throne called Hundred Years' War

question

Eleanor of Aquitaine

answer

married 2 Kings and gave birth to 2 Kings Married: Louis VII of France, Henry II of England Children: Richard the Lionhearted of England, John of England

question

Desiderius Erasmus

answer

Christian humanist, wrote The Praise of Folly

question

Euclid

answer

(Father of Geometry) who taught in Alexandria

question

Euripides

answer

Greek tragedy writer, wrote Medea

question

Benjamin Franklin

answer

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity.

question

Frederick Barbarossa

answer

This person was so famous for his red beard that he was nicknamed Barbarossa. Also called Frederick I

question

Frederick the Great of Prussia

answer

Prussian King, Dad thought he wasn't tough enought to rule, softened some of his father's laws, said ruler should be like a father to his people, strarted the War of the Austrian Succusion and the 7 Year's War, gained Silesia in Succession war

question

Galileo Galilei

answer

Italian scientist, built own telescope, wrote Starry Messenger, wrote Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

question

Pope Gregory VII

answer

enforced church laws, banned lay investiture, King Henry ordered him to not be a pope anymore, Pope excommunicated King, ended excommunication b/c Henry begged, led to Concordat of Worms

question

Johann Gutenberg

answer

German, made printing press

question

Alexander Hamilton

answer

Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and leader of the Federalists; first secretary of the treasury.

question

Hammurabi

answer

emperor of the Babylonian Empire/Amorites, helped the Empire reach its peak, created the Code of Hammurabi

question

George Friedrich Handel

answer

English composer, organ and choral music

question

Hanfeizi

answer

Chinese, founder of Legalism (strong government)

question

Hatshepsut

answer

Female pharaoh who expanded Egypt through trade

question

Franz Joseph Haydn

answer

Austrian classical composer

question

Henry II of England

answer

married Eleanor of Aquitaine, introduced jury and common law

question

Henry IV of France

answer

This man, who was excommunicated for defying the pope (which was not permanent), went to Canossa to get the excommunication lifted.

question

Henry VIII of England

answer

Catholic, attacked Luther, called "Defender of the Faith," wanted a divorce because he had no male heir, asked Pope and he said no, got Parliament to get rid of the Pope's power in England, Act of Supremacy made him the head of England's church, married 6 times

question

Herodotus

answer

Father of history

question

Herophilus

answer

Father of anatomy

question

Hipparchus

answer

Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry

question

Hippocrates

answer

Greek physician. He is considered to be the father of medicine and the ethical standard of treating all patients known as the Hippocratic Oath.

question

the Hittites

answer

are best known for their iron. Their strong iron weapons gave them an advantage over enemies. they tried to keep the technology of iron a secret but it soon spread throughout the middle east.

question

Thomas Hobbes

answer

Believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked

question

Homer

answer

Greatest Greek storyteller, blind, wrote epics like the Illiad and Odyssey

question

Hongwu

answer

Commanded rebel army that drove the Mongols out of China, first Ming emperor, used Confucian moral standards and civil service system,

question

Hulagu

answer

Genghis Khan's grandson who captured Baghdad

question

Ignatius of Loyola

answer

wrote Spiritual Exercises, his teachings gathered followers so pope made a religious order for his called the Society of Jesus, members were called Jesuits

question

Pope Innocent III

answer

clashed with King John and won; Church reached height of political power under his papacy; believed pope was the supreme judge of all European affairs; used interdicts

question

Shah Jahan

answer

Built Taj Mahal as a tomb for his wife

question

James I of England

answer

thought that he was he had the divine right to rule and claimed that the main function of Parliament was simply to give the king advice

question

John Jay

answer

first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

question

Thomas Jefferson

answer

Primary author the Declaration of Independence

question

Edward Jenner

answer

Made first vaccine ever for smallpox

question

Jesus

answer

Jew, born in Bethlehem. Preached, taught, performed miracles and good deeds. Roman governor said Jesus was defying Rome and had him crucified. 3 days after being placed in a tomb his body was gone and he appeared to his followers. Became known as Jesus Christ, founder of Christianity

question

Joan of Arc

answer

French peasant girl, had visions and heard saints telling her to rescue France from it's English conquerors. Led the French army into battle and won, brought true French king to be crowned.

question

Donald Johanson

answer

anthropologist, explored Ethiopia, found complete skeleton of an adult female hominid, called Lucy

question

John I of England

answer

Called John Softsword. Lost land to the French. Cruel to subjects and alienated Church. After raising taxes his nobles revolted and he had to sign the Magna Carta.

question

Johannes Kepler

answer

This mathematician used the data of Tycho Brahe to prove the accuracy of Copernicus' basic ideas about motion of hte planets

question

Batu Khan

answer

Mongol leader, Genghis Khan's grandson. Attacked Kiev, killed almost everyone. Renamed Russia Khanate of the Golden Horde.

question

Genghis Khan

answer

Fearful warrior/ Mongol leader. Also called Temujin. Captured most of China and central Asia. Made the largest unified land empire.

question

Kublai Khan

answer

Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China

question

John Knox

answer

brought Calvinism to Scotland, followers were called Presbyterians

question

Laozi

answer

the founder of Daoism

question

Antoine Lavoisier

answer

Often known as the father of Chemistry. He proposed the Law of Conservation of Mass and discovered some gases, grouped elements

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Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

answer

Observed bacteria and red blood cells under a microscope

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Leonidas

answer

Spartan king who held the pass at Thermopylae, killed by the Persians

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Lepidus

answer

Powerful politician, part of second Triumvirate

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Li Bo

answer

Most famous poet of the Tang era, poet known for freedom of spirit and love of nature

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Gottfried Liebnitz

answer

this German developed calculus independently of Isaac Newton. He also invented binary numbers.

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John Locke

answer

This political thinker felt that people are reasonable beings. This person supported self-government and argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people. If government fails to protect these natural rights, this person said, citizens have the right to overthrow it. He wrote Two Treatises of Government.

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Louis XIV of France

answer

"Sun King", absolute monarch of France, built Palace of Versailles, revoked Edict of Nantes

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Louis XV of France

answer

Grandson of Louis XIV and king of France from 1715 to 1774 who led France into the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War

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Louis XVI of France

answer

King of France; executed for treason by the National Convention; absolute monarch; husband of Marie Antoinette

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Martin Luther

answer

German monk and leader of the Protestant Reformation, wrote 95 theses

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the Lydians

answer

small but rich country in Asia Minor - known for making the worlds first coins

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Niccolo Machiavelli

answer

wrote The Prince

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James Madison

answer

co-wrote The Federalist Papers

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Ferdinand Magellan

answer

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition that was the first to sail around the world.

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Malinche

answer

Native woman translator for Cortes

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Maria Theresa

answer

inherited the Austrian throne from her father, Charles VI, had a treaty signed with other leaders that she would have a peaceful reign

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Charles Martel

answer

This man defeated the Moors at the Battle of Tours.

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Pope Martin V

answer

Elected Pope in 1417. his election brought the end to the Great Schism, by electing Pope Martin V the conflict within the Church of who was actually the Pope was now over

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the Medici family

answer

a powerful banking family who had branch offices throughout Italy and in the major cities of Europe, ruled Florence

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Mehmed II

answer

Murad's son. Also called Mehmed the Conqueror. Conquered Constantinople.

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Methodius

answer

most successful Eastern missionary, made alphabet for Slavs so they could read the Bible, called Cyrillic alphabet (brother Cyril)

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Baron de Montesquieu

answer

This aristocratic philosophe was devoted to the study of political liberty. In this person's famous book On the Spirit of the Laws, it was proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a government.

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Montezuma II

answer

the last Aztec emperor in Mexico who was overthrown and killed by Hernando Cortes (1466-1520)

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Thomas More

answer

Christian humanist in England. Wrote Utopia.

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Moses

answer

The Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

answer

Classical composer in Austria

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Muhammad

answer

The Arab prophet who founded Islam, Founder of Islam, considered the greatest prophet in Islam

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Myron

answer

Greek, one of history's greatest sculptors who lived in the golden age. sculpted the famous figure the Discus Thrower

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Nebuchadnezzar

answer

Babylonian/Chaldean king, ran the Egyptians out of Syria and Palestine, conquered Jerusalem. Built the hanging gardens and ziggurats

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Nero

answer

First Roman Emperor to persecute Christians

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Isaac Newton

answer

This English physicist and mathematician brought together some of the theories and discoveries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo under a single theory of motion known as the law of universal gravitation; he wrote The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.

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Octavian/Augustus

answer

Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son, part of 2nd Triumvirate. Got rid of other members of the triumvirate and became sole emperor of Rome. Augustus means exalted one. Brought Rome to peak, called Pax Romana. Setup civil service.

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Paul

answer

Follower of Jesus who helped spread Christianity throughout the Roman world

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Pisistratus

answer

Greek tyrant who seized power and divided estates among landless farmers, first tyrant of Athens, helped poor

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Pepin III

answer

Pepin the Short, Charles Martel's son. Fought Lombards. Began Carolingian Dynasty. Frank king

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the Persians

answer

They relied on a strong military to back up their policies. Ancient Persia included what today is Iran. The powerful dynasty Cyrus established in Persia lasted 200 years and grew into a huge empire

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Peter

answer

Disciple of Jesus and leader of the apostles

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Phideas

answer

made the sculpture of Athena in the Pantheon. commonly regarded as one of the greatest of all Classical sculptors.

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Philip II of Macedon

answer

King of ancient Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great

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Philip II of Spain

answer

Sent Spanish Armada. King of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I

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the Phoenicians

answer

the most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, where Lebanon is, never united as a country, had red-purple dye, best colony was at Carthage, developed alphabet and writing

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Francisco Pizarro

answer

conquered the Incan Empire, Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima

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Plato

answer

student of Socrates, wrote The Republic, taught Aristotle, founded The Academy

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Marco Polo

answer

most famous European to visit China, Venetian trader, worked for Kublai Khan, got captured and his stories were made into a book,

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Gnaeus Pompey

answer

He joined J. Caeser and Licinius Crassus and formed the first Triumvirate

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Joseph Priestley

answer

English chemist who discovered oxygen, discovered that plants release oxygen

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Pythagoras

answer

Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem, thought everything is expressed through numbers

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Qian-long

answer

This Chinese emperor ruled the Qing Dynasty, under him China reached its greatest size

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Ramses II

answer

one of the greatest Egyptian pharaohs, made a peace treaty with the Hittites, built great things like temples for Gods and himself

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Remus

answer

twin of Romulus, abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf

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Richard I of England

answer

This was the English king who led the Third Crusade. Also called Richard the Lionhearted

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Romulus

answer

twin of Remus, abandoned on the Tiber River and raised by a she-wolf, founded Rome

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Jean Jacques Rousseau

answer

Philosophe, committed to individual freedom, This philosophe strongly disagreed with other philosophes on a number of matters. For instance, although most philosophers believed that reason, science, and art improve the lives of all people, this person argued that civilization corrupts people's natural goodness. This person wrote The Social Contract.

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Saladin

answer

Muslim leader, captured Jerusalem,

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Sargon

answer

Akkadian conqueror, defeated the city-states of Sumer, created first empire

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Saul

answer

The first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (especially the Philistines)

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Heinrich Schliemann

answer

German archaeologist who discovered nine superimposed city sites of Troy

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William Shakespeare

answer

most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age, greatest playwright of all time, most famous plays are Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and King Lear, and the comedies A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Taming of the Shrew.

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Socrates

answer

philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method

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Solomon

answer

Son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom

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Sophocles

answer

the King and Antigone, Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex

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Suleyman

answer

Was sultan when the Ottoman Empire was at its height

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Taizu

answer

first Song emperor

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Tamerlane

answer

Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia

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Johann Tetzel

answer

The leading seller of Indulgences.

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Thucydides

answer

ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War

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Thutmose III

answer

Hatshepsut's stepson; he brought Egypt to the heigth of its power

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Tokugawa Ieyasu

answer

This man established a shogunate that would dominate Japan for hundreds of years

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Toyotomi Hideyoshi

answer

Nobunga's best general, continued his fallen leader's mission. He set out to destroy the daimyo that remained hostile.

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Pope Urban II

answer

Pope who called for the first Crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims

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Amerigo Vespucci

answer

Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America

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Voltaire

answer

This philosophers use of satire got him trouble with the clergy.

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George Washington

answer

This Virginian was chosen by the Second Continental Congress to lead the American war effort in the Revolutionary War, 1st President of the United States

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Wendi

answer

A Chinese general who declared himself emperor when China reunited. He founded a new dynasty called the Sui Dynasty.

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John Wesley

answer

English clergyman and founder of Methodism (1703-1791)

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William the Conqueror

answer

duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England

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Wu Zhao

answer

The only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty.

question

Xerxes

answer

Son of Darius, who took the Persian throne, invaded Greece, and was eventually defeated

question

Yonglo

answer

The son of Hongwu and moved the Ming capital to Beijing. He built the imperial city, which became the Forbidden City. He was also a patron for oversea voyages and exploration.

question

Ulrich Zwingli

answer

Led the reformation in Zurich, Switzerland

question

agora

answer

the marketplace in ancient Greece

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ayllu

answer

in Incan society, a small community or family group whose members worked together for the common good

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animism

answer

the belief that spirits are present in animals, plants, and other natural objects

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Antifederalists

answer

This referred to people who opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

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apprentice

answer

works for an expert to learn a trade

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arete

answer

in early Greece, the qualities of excellence that a hero strives to win in a struggle or contest, virtue or exellence

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aristocracy

answer

government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility

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assimilation

answer

1. the adoption of a conqueror's culture by a conquered people 2. a policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs

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autocracy

answer

a government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner

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bourgeoisie

answer

first group in Third Estate. Middle Class

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boyars

answer

landowning nobles of Russia

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bureaucracy

answer

a system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government

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Bushido

answer

the strict code of behavior followed by samurai warriors in Japan

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cabinet

answer

a group of advisors or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions

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caliph

answer

a supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government

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capitalism

answer

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit

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cathedral

answer

any large and important church

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Cavaliers

answer

Supporters of the King in the English Civil War, This referred to the Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War; they opposed the Cavaliers.

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cavalry

answer

a unit of soldiers who ride horses

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centralized government

answer

a government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject

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chinampas

answer

floating farming islands made by the Aztec

question

chivalry

answer

a code of behavior for knights in medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion

question

the Circus Maximus

answer

More than 150,000 spectators could watch charioteers race in

question

civil service system

answer

the administrative departments of a government- especially those in which employees are hired on the basis of their scores on examinations

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clergy

answer

a body of officials who perform religious services- such as priests, ministers, or rabbis.

question

codex

answer

a book with pages that can be turned

question

the Coliseum

answer

An amphitheater in the center of the city of Rome; one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering, a roman stadium that held gladiator fights

question

Daoism

answer

a philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinker Laozi, who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the Dao (Way)

question

democracy

answer

a government controlled by its citizens, either directly or through representatives

question

dharma

answer

the religious and moral duties of Hindus

question

the Diaspora

answer

the dispersal of the Jews from their homeland in Palestine- especially during the period of more than 1,800 years that followed the Romans' destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem

question

dictatorship

answer

form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority

question

the encomienda system

answer

Under this system, Spanish settlers in the New World were permitted to use Native Americans as laborers and to collect tribute from them. Legalized Indian slavery in the Spanish colonies.

question

the Estates General

answer

an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates, or social classes, in France

question

excommunication

answer

the taking away of a person's right of membership in a Christian church

question

the Exodus

answer

Led by Moses, was when the Hebrews left slavery in Egypt for the promised land of Canaan, remembered during Passover

question

Federalists

answer

Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution.

question

feudalism

answer

a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

question

forum

answer

a place of assembly for the people in ancient Greece, political center of the Roman empire

question

geocentric theory

answer

in the Middle Ages, the earth-centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe

question

griot

answer

a West African storyteller

question

habeas corpus

answer

a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal

question

hajj

answer

a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims

question

heliocentric theory

answer

the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun.

question

helot

answer

in the society of ancient Sparta, a peasant bound to the land.

question

heresy

answer

any belief that appears to contradict the basic teachings of the Church

question

hierarchy

answer

a group or system in which positions of power are ranked, usually from lowest to highest

question

the Hippodrome

answer

citizens could enjoy free entertainment at the Hippodrome, which offered wild chariot races and performance acts. The Hippodrome (from Greek words meaning "horse" and "racecourse") held 60,000 spectators. 2 fan groups sparked citywide riots called the Nika Rebellion

question

humanism

answer

a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements.

question

icon

answer

a religious image used by eastern Christians.

question

indulgence

answer

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin.

question

inflation

answer

a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services.

question

intendant

answer

a French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice.

question

jihad

answer

means "striving" and can refer to the inner struggle against evil. However, the word is also used in the Qur'an to mean an armed struggle against unbelievers.

question

journeyman

answer

Part of craft guild (Day Worker) • Worked for a master to earn a salary • Worked 6 days a week • Needed to produce a masterpiece (his finest work) to become a master • Had to be accepted by the guild to become a master

question

kabuki

answer

a type of Japanese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories.

question

kami

answer

divine spirits that dwelled in nature

question

kamikaze

answer

The 'divine wind,' which the Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away from their shores in 1281.

question

karma

answer

in Hinduism and Buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth

question

knight

answer

in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback

question

kowtow

answer

a former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission

question

lay investiture

answer

the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles

question

leveling

answer

policy in which government uses price controls to balance the economic effects of farm surpluses or shortages

question

lineage

answer

the people who are descended from a common ancestor

question

manor

answer

a lord's estate in feudal Europe

question

manorialism

answer

Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.

question

martyr

answer

people willing to die for a belief or cause

question

master

answer

Part of craft guild • Owned his own shop • Worked with other masters to protect their trade • Sometimes served in civic government

question

matrilineal

answer

relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the mother

question

mercantilism

answer

an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

question

mercenary

answer

a soldier who is paid to fight in a foreign army.

question

migration

answer

the act of moving from one place to settle in another.

question

monarchy

answer

a government in which power is in the hands of a single person

question

monopoly

answer

a group's exclusive control over the production and distribution of certain goods

question

mosque

answer

an Islamic place of worship.

question

nepotism

answer

favoritism to relatives by those in power

question

nike

answer

victory

question

nirvana

answer

in Buddhism, the release from pain and suffering achieved after enlightenment

question

oligarchy

answer

a government in which power is in the hands of a few people—especially one in which rule is based upon wealth.

question

page

answer

in medieval times a youth acting as a knight's attendant as the first stage in training for knighthood

question

Parliament

answer

a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation.

question

patriarch

answer

a principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity.

question

patriarchal

answer

relating to a social system in which the father is head of the family

question

patrician

answer

in ancient Rome, a member of the wealthy, privileged upper class.

question

patrilineal

answer

relating to a social system in which family descent and inheritance rights are traced through the father

question

Patriots

answer

This referred to Americans who pushed for independence from Great Britain.

question

phalanx

answer

a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields

question

plebeian

answer

in ancient Rome, one of the common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up most of the population

question

pluralism

answer

condition when many cultures coexist in one society, The holding of several benefices, or church offices, the diffusion of power among many interest groups that prevents any single group from gaining control of the government

question

polis

answer

a Greek city-state—the fundamental political unit of ancient Greece after about 750 B.C.

question

polygamy

answer

having more than one spouse at a time

question

potlatch

answer

a ceremonial feast used to display rank and prosperity in some Northwest Coast tribes of Native Americans.

question

primogeniture

answer

seniority by birth; state of being the first-born child; right of the eldest child (to inherit the entire property of one or both parents)

question

pueblo

answer

a village of large apartment-like buildings made of clay and stone, built by the Anasazi and later peoples of the American Southwest.

question

Quechua

answer

the single language imposed by the Incas

question

the Reconquista

answer

the effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.

question

reincarnation

answer

in Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding.

question

republic

answer

a form of government in which power is in the hands of representatives and leaders are elected by citizens who have the right to vote.

question

Roundheads

answer

This referred to the Parliamentary forces during the English Civil War; they opposed the Cavaliers.

question

salon

answer

a social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment.

question

samurai

answer

one of the professional warriors who served Japanese feudal lords

question

scholasticism

answer

medieval way of thinking that tried to bring together reason and faith in studies of religion, associated with Thomas Acquines

question

secular

answer

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

question

the Senate (Roman)

answer

in ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats.

question

seppuku

answer

ritual suicide of a samurai

question

serf

answer

a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate.

question

Shinto

answer

the native religion of Japan.

question

shogun

answer

in feudal Japan, a supreme military commander who ruled in the name of the emperor.

question

simony

answer

the selling or buying of a position in a Christian church

question

squire

answer

the second stage to becoming a knight, at around teenhood, knights assistant, caring for horses, train with weapons, and go to battle

question

suttee

answer

ancient Indian practice of a woman committing suicide after her husband's death

question

terraces

answer

a new form of agriculture in Aksum, in which stepped ridges constructed on mountain slopes help retain water and reduce erosion

question

theocracy

answer

1. a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure. 2. a government controlled by religious leaders

question

theology

answer

the study of religion

question

tithe

answer

a family's payment of one-tenth of its income to a church.

question

totem

answer

an animal or other natural object that serves as a symbol of the unity of clans or other groups of people

question

tyranny

answer

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator that is usually cruel

question

usury

answer

the act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest

question

utopia

answer

an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia—hence, an ideal place

question

vernacular

answer

the everyday language of people in a region or country.

question

zakat

answer

the fourth pillar of Islam is almsgiving (charity) as an act of worship

question

ziggurats

answer

a tiered, pyramid-shaped structure that formed part of a Sumerian temple

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