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Robert Morris (1734-1806)

answer

He was the superintendent of finance for the Congress of the Confederation during the final years of the Revolutionary War. He envisioned a national finance plan of taxation and debt management, but the states did not approve the necessary amendments to the Articles of Confederation need to implement the plan. (page 256)

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Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804)

answer

His belief in a strong federal government led him to become a contributor to The Federalist and leader of the Federalists. As the first secretary of the Treasury, he laid the foundation for American capitalism through his creation of a federal budget, funded debt, a federal tax system, a national bank, a customs service, and a coast guard. His "Reports on Public Credit" and "Reports on Manufactures" outlined his vision for economic development and government finances in America. He died in a duel against Aaron Burr. (page 257)

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Northwest Ordinance

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Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery. (page 259)

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Shays's Rebellion

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Massachusetts farmer Daniel Shays and 1,200 compatriots, seeking debt relief through issuance of paper currency and lower taxes, stormed the federal arsenal at Springfield in the winter of 1787 but were quickly repulsed. (page 266)

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James Madison (1751-1836)

answer

He participated in the Constitutional Convention during which he proposed the Virginia Plan. He believed in a strong federal government and was a leader of the Federalists and a contributor to The Federalist. However, he also presented to Congress the Bill of Rights and drafted the Virginia Resolutions. As the secretary of state, he withheld a commission for William Marbury, which led to the landmark Marbury v. Madison decision. During his presidency, he declared war on Britain in response to violations of American shipping rights, which started the War of 1812. (page 269)

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Virginia Plan

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The delegations to the Constitutional Convention were divided between two plans on how to structure the government: Virginia called for a strong central government and a two-house legislature apportioned by population. (page 270)

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New Jersey Plan

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The delegations to the Constitutional Convention were divided between two plans on how to structure the government: New Jersey wanted one legislative body with equal representation for each state. (page 270)

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separation of powers

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The powers of government are split between three separate branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) who check and balance each other. (page 273)

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Federalists

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Proponents of a centralized federal system and the ratification of the Constitution. Most Federalists were relatively young, educated men who supported a broad interpretation of the Constitution whenever national interest dictated such flexibility. Notable Federalists included Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. (page 276)

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anti-Federalists

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Forerunners of Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican party; opposed the Constitution as a limitation on individual and states' rights, which led to the addition of a Bill of Rights to the document. (page 276)

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Bill of Rights

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First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1791 to guarantee individual rights and to help secure ratification of the Constitution by the states. (page 277)

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The Federalist

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Collection of eighty-five essays that appeared in the New York press in 1787-1788 in support of the Constitution; written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay but published under the pseudonym "Publius.'' (page 277)

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The oldest delegate to the Constitutional Convention was

answer

Ben Franklin

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The Constitution of 1787

answer

included checks against an excess of democracy.

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The Constitutional Convention dealt with slavery by agreeing to

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count each slave as three fifths of a person in apportioning taxes and representatives.

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In Number 10 of The Federalist, James Madison argued that

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a republic would work especially well in the large, diverse country.

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The Articles of Confederation established a government that

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had power in the United States from 1781 to 1787.

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The "Great Compromise" at the Constitutional Convention was over representation in the new Congress. T or F

answer

TRue

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The word "slavery" does not appear anywhere in the Constitution of 1787. T or F

answer

true

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Each year, the Congress of the Confederation ran a deficit in its operating expenses. T or F

answer

true

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The Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention called for three separate branches of government. T or F

answer

true

question

George Washington led the Newburgh Conspiracy until he realized it would fail. T or F

answer

false

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The issue in Shays's Rebellion in western Massachusetts was protection for farmers against Indian attacks. T or F

answer

false

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The Constitution set a provision that allowed the American government to end its involvement in the international slave trade in 1800. T or F

answer

false

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Shays's Rebellion in Massachusetts

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was largely triggered by a currency shortage among farmers and high state taxes.

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Leading nationalists at Philadelphia in 1787 included James Madison, James Wilson, and Alexander Hamilton. T or F

answer

true

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The authors of The Federalist Papers were all the following except

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James Monroe

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By the middle of the 1780s, many Americans came to realize that the government

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had to be based on the virtue of a few citizens instead of the public-spiritedness of the many.

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The central figure at the Constitutional Convention was Thomas Jefferson T or F

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False (james madison)

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The Northwest Ordinance was significant in part because it

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set the procedure for territories to become states.

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Patrick Henry led the fight against ratification in Virginia on the grounds that the Constitution would

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threaten individual and state liberty.

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Ratification of the Constitution required approval by all thirteen states. T or F

answer

False

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The fight for ratification was fierce and close in the state of

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1) New york, then 2) virginia

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At the Constitutional Convention, the New Jersey Plan proposed a legislature

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with equal representation for each state.

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Probably the greatest economic need during the Confederation period was for greater amounts of currency to be in circulation. T or F

answer

True

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After the Revolution, problems with Spain included navigation of the Mississippi River. T or F

answer

True

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A major diplomatic problem with Spain was

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the right of the United States to navigate to the mouth of the Mississippi River.

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The Federalist supported the Articles of Confederation and opposed the new Constitution. T or F

answer

false

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Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were known as

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Anti-Federalists.

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Under the Confederation, Americans disagreed with the British over

answer

forts along the Canadian border.

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The Northwest Ordinance treated the western lands the same way imperial nations treated colonies. T or F

answer

false

question

The most influential figure in the Confederation government was financier Robert Morris. T or F

answer

true

question

Who was the last state to ratify the constitution in 1790?

answer

Rhode island

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By what treaty were the Iroquois forced to give up land in NY and Pennsylvania?

answer

the Treaty of Fort Stanwix

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By what treaty were the Cherokees forced to give up all claims in South Carolina, much of N Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee?

answer

the Treaty of Hopewell

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