History chapter 12 quiz – Flashcards
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What was the average age of a Civil War soldier?
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26
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What were the age limits of a Civil War soldier
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18 and 29
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T/F: Many soldiers were volunteers
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T
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What were some technological advances during the war?
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telegraph, trains transported people and equipment, ironclad ships, new artillery
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What was the battle that made both sides realize that the war would be long, bloody, and hard?
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First Battle of Bull Run
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What were the strengths of the North?
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much better prepared, double railroad miles, more factories, economy balanced, money, 2/3 American population lived in North
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What were the strengths of the South?
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military colleges were in the South, majority of trained officers were Southerners, fighting for something important to them
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What were the weaknesses of the North?
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would have to attack and conquer south
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What were the weaknesses of the South?
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relied on North, starting from scratch, North was already independent
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What were some Northern strategies to win?
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blockaded South, strangled South's resources
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What were some Southern strategies to win?
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prepare and wait, defensive war, stopped exporting cotton, European help
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What was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War until 1863?
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Shiloh
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What was the importance of Shiloh?
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shattered on both sides the remaining illusions about the glory of war and destroyed northern hopes that the Confederacy would be defeated
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What battle put McClellan back into command?
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Second Battle of Bull Run
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Why was the Second battle of bull run called that?
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Confederates defeated in same place again
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What was the bloodiest day of the Civil War?
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Antietam
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Who won Antietam?
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Union
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How did the development of new military technologies affect the Civil War?
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improvements in artillery changed the way people fought
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What did the Union do to support the war effort?
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established draft
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What did the Confederates do to support the war effort?
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seized male slaves for military labor, taxed personal incomes, farmers required to give 1/10 of crops to army
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How long did people have to serve under the draft law?
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3 years
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What age group did the draft law focus on?
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18-50
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What did Great Britain do for the war?
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allowed Confederates to use ports
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What were some emergency wartime actions put into play?
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disloyal members of Maryland state legislatures arrested to prevent vote for secession, uprising to overthrow the pro-Confederate state government, Kentucky went under martial law, writ of hapeas corpus
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What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
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said that slaves in areas of rebellion against government would be free
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How did northerners feel about the Emancipation Proclamation?
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hope toward end of war, feared black would want jobs
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What did labor shortages and lack of goods result in?
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inflation
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What were 2 reasons for desertion?
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homesickness and boredom
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Who was the only Confederate general that was tried and convicted for war crimes during the war?
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Henry Wirz
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Who replaced McClellan?
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Burnside
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What 2 battles were low points for the Union?
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Battle of Fredericksburg, Battle of Chancellorsville
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After what battle did Burnside ask to be relieved of his command?
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Fredericksburg
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What was Lee's most brilliant victory?
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Chancellorsville
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When was Stonewall Jackson killed?
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Chancellorsville
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Lee's most brilliant general
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Stonewall Jackson
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What battle made Confederates want to win because they wanted to win on northern soil
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Gettysburg
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What was the bloodiest battle of the Civil War?
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Gettysburg
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Greatest and most costly battle of Civil War
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Gettysburg
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What did Gettysburg do for the Union?
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boosted moral
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What was the importance of Vicksburg?
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kept the union from having complete control of Mississippi River
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What city sat on a bluff, high above a sharp bend in the river and was a Confederate post on the Mississippi River?
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Vicksburg
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a tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and starved in order to make it surrender
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siege
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What was the outcome of Vicksburg?
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Union had complete control of Mississippi River
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Why was 1863 important
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election, end of war seemed in sight
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What was Confederate strategy in 1864?
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to hold on and confront and crush
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What was the Union strategy in 1864?
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split and conquer
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What did the 13th amendment do?
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ended slavery in the US forever
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What were the terms of the surrender?
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Southerns could take their horses and go home, wouldn't be punished as traitors, Confederates would be fed
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What were the factors that led to the South's demise?
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election of Lincoln, low on supplies, divide and conquer, low on men
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What was Lee's last major victory?
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Battle of Cold harbor
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What was Sherman's gift to Lincoln?
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Atlanta
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What was Sherman's goal when he went to South Carolina?
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destroy the rest of the South's resources
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1st battle of the Civil War
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First Battle of Bull Run
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war in which one side inflicts continuous losses on the enemy in order to wear down its strength
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war of attrition
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device that explodes in the air when it hits a target
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shell
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a special type of shell filled with bullets
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canister
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Civil war battle in Tennessee
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Shiloh
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Civil war battle in Maryland
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Antietam
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What battle was the first to use railroads to transport things?
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First Battle of Bull Run
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required military service
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draft
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official acceptance
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recognition
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national currency
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greenback
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when a state was ruled by military officials
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martial law
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antiwar northern democrat
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Copperhead
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a legal protection requiring that a court determine if a person is lawfully imprisoned
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writ of habeas corpus
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items seized by the enemy during wartime
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contraband
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Civil war battle in 1862 in Virginia, won by the Confederacy
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Fredericksburg
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Civil war battle in 1863 in Virginia, won by the Confederacy
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Chancellorsville
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Civil war battle in 1863 in Pennsylvania, won by the Union and a turning point in the war
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Gettysburg
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What battle did Pickett's charge take place in?
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Gettysburg
