History Chapter 11 quizlet – Flashcards
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Fort Sumter
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April 13th, was the beginning of the war. The union lost and confederates won
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Border states
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Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland. Allowed slavery but remained in the Union
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First Bull Run Battle
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-In Manassas, Virginia -July 1861 -McDowell attacked Beauregard -Stonewall Jackson wouldn't let the Union win
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north strengths
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strengths: 1. European immigration = more men for fighting 2. Major inventions 3. Iron steam driven vessels 4. Financial and insurance industries 5. Better economy and food production 6. Recognition as an independent nation 7. better political
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south strengths
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1. better military leaders and military tradition 2. had a cause 3. importance of cotton got he world 4. fighting on home territory 5. Fighting a defensive rather than offensive war
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Anaconda
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Northern strategy -Capture the confederate capital city of Richmond and the rest of Virginia - several failed attempts: 1st and 2nd bull run, peninsular campaign. Didn't capture till 1865 -Invade Tennessee to move into the south - Came about later -Strike along the Mississippi River to split the confederacy - SUCCESSFUL in 1862 we had everything except vicksburg -Blockade all southern ports to prevent imports - SUCCESSFUL
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war of attrition
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-southern strategy -holding out as long as possible and hope the north gave us
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weapons of the civil war
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submarines balloons - used for reconnaissance work gatling guns - machine guns ironclads - ships with metal plates on them, small cannonballs would bounce off
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the dictator
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a weapon used by the north. a heavy mortar used to shell positions in the city from a distance of approximately 2 1/2 miles
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other civil war military "firsts"
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the minie ball, repeating rifles, heavy artillery, trench warfare, significant use of railroads, land mines, telescopic rifle sights
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Ironclads
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ships with metal plating on the hull to protect from cannon fire. USS monitor and CSS Merrimack
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Monitor
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north
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merrimack
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south
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Battle of Fort Henry
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-Led by General Grant -A campaign through west Tennessee and the Cumberland River Valley to seize the fortifications along the waterway -The Union gunboats accompanied the soldiers -The union forced the fort to surrender
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Fort Donelson
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taken after fort henry by Grant
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Battle of Shiloh
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-also called pittsburgh landing -1862 -The union was able to gain the advantage and win
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war on the lower mississippi river
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-1862 -admiral david farragut captured new orleans, baton, rouge, and mobile bay in alabama
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The peninsular Campaign
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-also called the 7 day battle -led by McClellan -The plan was to attack richmond, win and end war -but McClellan waited before attacking to train his soldiers and prepare but he waited too long and Robert E. Lee had time to build up his army and protect richmond -McClellan failed and was fired
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McClellan was fired for the first time because..
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the peninsular campaign failed
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Battle at second bull run
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pope went after Richmond again and the confederates crushed his army
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battle of antietam
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confederates went to the North and McClellan found the battle plans wrapped in a bundle of three cigars. The union chased the confederates back to the south but didn't follow them and finish them off. McClellan was fired a second time
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bounties
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a bonus for joining the military
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enrollment act
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march 1863...the first draft in U.S. history
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the substitute system
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northern men could hire someone to take their place in military service for $300
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the trent affair
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-1861 -British steamer the Trent was stopped by a Union ship. Union arrested 2 confederate enjoys who were on board and britain threatened war. Lincoln released them
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Dissenters
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-people who disagreed -Lincoln sent troops to stop protests or riots -Lincoln suspended Habeas corpus -Seized telegraph offices
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Habeas corpus
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a citizen's constitutional right to have formal charges brought up against him in a court of law
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Copperheads
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Northern democrats who sympathized with the south. Lincoln's major political opposition
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Martial law
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-Declared in Maryland a few weeks after fort sumter -Federal troops occupied the city for the rest of the war after a riot erupted in Baltimore
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The Emancipation proclamation
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freed southern slaves, not border state slaves
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contrabands
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slaves who had either been captured by advancing union soldiers, or who had run away form their masters
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54th regiment
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first all black regiment who showed extreme bravery
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Clara Barton
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nurse in civil war, angel of the battle field, founded the American Red Cross
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Andersonville Southern prison camp
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In Georgia. Extremely poo conditions - food and supplies shortages
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Gettysburg
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July 1-3 1863. Lee retreated the second day after suffering major losses. READ SUMMARY I WROTE
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Gettysburg address
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Lincoln's speech explaining his view of the war and why it was happening
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Vicksburg
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1863. Located on Mississippi River. Grant laid seige to the city and the confederates surrendered
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The wilderness campaign
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a series of battles took place in virginia with the goal of seizing richmond. Grant is marching toward Richmond but lee is continually attacking him
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Sherman's march to the sea
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Sherman wanted to cut through the hearland of the south to destroy anything of military value in order to demonstrate that Southern Army couldn't protect their own land
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Atlanta surrender
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September 1864. sherman decided to abandon his supply lines and march directly to the sea, foraging off the land to supply his troops, and burning anything the South might be able to use to make war
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13th amendment
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freed all slaves in the U.S.
