Reflection Essay on History Alive: The Medieval World and Beyond – Flashcards
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Roman Empire
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An empire, that, at it's height, around 117 C.E; spanned the whole of Mediterranean world, from northern Africa to the Scottish border, from Spain to Syria
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art
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Human creations intended to express beauty and convey messages
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architecture
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The art of designing buildings
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engineering
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The science of building structures and the like
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language
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The means of verbal and written communication, an aspect of culture
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philosophy
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The study of wisdom, knowledge, and the nature of reality
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law
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A legal system
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citizenship
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A membership in a community
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mural
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A painting on a wall
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mosaic
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A picture made up of small pieces of tile, glass, or colored stone
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fresco
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A picture painted on the moist plaster of a wall or ceiling
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vault
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An arched structure used to hold up a ceiling or a roof
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dome
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A roof shaped like a half-circle or a hemisphere
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cathedral
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A large and important church
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aqueduct
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A pipe or channel built to carry water between distant places
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scribe
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A person trained to write or copy documents by hand
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proverb
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A popular saying that is meant to express something wise or true
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arches
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curved structure capable of spanning a space while supporting significant weight
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sculpture
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creating figures or designs in three dimensions, create by shaping stone or wood or any other hard material
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amphitheaters
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an open theater used in ancient Greece and Rome to house contestants and other events
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republic
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a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
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senate
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In ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats.
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mosaics
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patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors
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Octavian
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first emperor of Rome
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Pax Romana
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the Roman peace
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slavery
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the condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages
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Civil war
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a war between people of the same country
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barbarians
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Northern Tribes who invaded and sacked Rome, Generic term for foreign invaders of a different religion.
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Byzantine Empire
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a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395
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trade
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exchange or give (something) in exchange for
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Christianity
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a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior
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Eastern Orthodox
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branch of Christianity that officially split from Roman Catholicism in the 11th century C.E.; about 10% of all Christians are part of this branch; it's strong in Eastern Europe and Russia
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Roman Catholic
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A branch of Christianity based in Rome. The original Christian church.
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patriarch
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A principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity
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pope
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the head of the Roman Catholic Church
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feudalism
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a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service
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lord
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a person who has general authority over others
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knights
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warriors who fought on horseback
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peasants
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people who worked the land or served the nobles
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monarchs
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Kings or queens who rule a kingdom
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fiefs
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pieces of land given to vassals by their lord
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manors
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large farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land
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nobles
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people from rich and powerful families
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moat
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a deep trench usually filled with water that surrounded a castle
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hierarchy
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Any system of persons or things ranked one above another
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duke
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a nobleman (in various countries) of high rank
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armor
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protective covering made of metal and used in combat
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chivalry
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courtesy towards women
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serfs
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men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection
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peasants
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lower class people, working heavy labor, very poor
